scholarly journals The competitiveness of Indonesia’s pepper export and its challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012074
Author(s):  
D H Azahari ◽  
H J Purba ◽  
Erwidodo ◽  
V Darwis ◽  
F B M Dabukke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Market ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Star Position

Abstract Indonesia is the second-largest pepper (Piper Nigrum L) producer country after Vietnam and followed by India, Brazil, and Malaysia. While Vietnam is the largest black pepper producer, Indonesia is recognized as the largest white pepper-producing country. With the increasing market competition among them in the international market, Indonesia has to increase the market competitiveness of its pepper exports against its competitors. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper exports in the international market by using secondary data from various sources, including from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture and the International Pepper Community for the year 2018. It focuses on Pepper beans (HS 0900411) and Pepper Powder (HS090412) and uses two methods, namely Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Products Dynamic (EPD). The RCA analysis shows that Indonesia has a comparative advantage as a pepper exporter on the international market, both for pepper beans and powder. However, the results of the EPD analysis revealed that such an advantage is declining. For example, the study revealed that the export of pepper beans from Indonesia to the United Stated is in the lost opportunity position, and to Vietnam and Singapore are in the falling star position. A similar situation occurs for pepper powder where Indonesia’s export to Japan, Netherlands, and Germany are all in the falling star position. Such situations are caused by some challenges Indonesian pepper exports face, including the fulfillment of the good agriculture practices (GAP) in the upstream sector and compliance to international standards.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI SUHU PENGERINGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN OVEN TERHADAP MUTU LADA HITAM DAN LADA PUTIH BUBUK

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
RTM Sutamihardja ◽  
Nia Yuliani ◽  
Oktavio Rosani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Pepper Powder

Optimization of Drying Temperature Using Oven on Quality of Black Pepper and White Pepper Powder           Pepper (Piper Nigrum L) is an Indonesian spice plant widely used for export and import activity. The post-harvest process of pepper affected the quality, especially on the drying process. One of secondary metabolite compound is piperin. Piperin is an active substance of alkaloid group giving a distinctive spicy flavor to the pepper. Drying process by using the oven could improve the quality of pepper. The results showed that the optimum temperature for white pepper was 85° C for 20 minutes with the water content of 10.65%, total mold/yeast was 1 x 104 colony/g, and piperin content of 4.58%. For Black pepper, the optimum temperature was at 105° C for 20 minutes with the moisture content of 7.84%, total mold/yeast was 1.3 x 104 colony/g and piperin 5,01%.Keywords: White Pepper, Black Pepper, Piperin Content.ABSTRAK           Lada (Piper Nigrum L) adalah tanaman rempah Indonesia yang banyak digunakan untuk ekspor dan impor. Proses pasca panen lada yang tidak maksimal menyebabkan kualitas menurun. Lada memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa piperin. Piperin adalah zat aktif golongan alkoloid yang memberikan cita rasa pedas khas pada lada. Pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven mampu meningkatkan mutu lada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan suhu optimum untuk pengovenan lada putih adalah 85°C selama 20 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 10,65 %, AKK 1 x 104 koloni/ g, dan kadar piperin 4,58 %. Lada hitam efektif pada suhu optimum 105°C selama 20 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 7,84 %, AKK 1,3 x 104 koloni / g dan kadar piperin 5,01 %.Kata kunci : Lada Putih, Lada Hitam, Kadar Piperin

scholarly journals Indonesian Clove Competitiveness and Competitor Countries in International Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Adnan Putra Pratama ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto ◽  
Masyhuri Masyhuri
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Market ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Star Position

Trade liberalization is currently demanding every country to increase the competitiveness of its products. Indonesia as the largest clove producer in the world has a major competitor in the international market. This study aims to determine the competitiveness of Indonesia's clove exports and competing countries in the international market and determine the factors that affect its competitiveness. The data used in this study are secondary data from five major producing countries namely Indonesia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, and Comoros during the period 2000-2017 sourced from UNComtrade, FAO and the World Bank. Competitiveness is measured by Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Acceleration Ratio (AR) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) while the factors that affect competitiveness are used panel data regression methods using E-Views software. The results showed that Indonesia had the lowest RCA index, the AR value showed Madagascar and Tanzania were able to capture market share in the international market and the EPD value showed that all countries occupied the rising star position except Sri Lanka in the falling star position. Panel data regression analysis results show that the market share and GDP variables significantly influence the competitiveness of the main clove producing countries while the production variables and export prices do not significantly influence the country's competitiveness. The government must dare to take policies to limit clove imports and increase exports.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA DAYA SAING EKSPOR UDANG BEKU DAN OLAHAN INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Samsul Mashari ◽  
Rita Nurmalina ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Star Position ◽  
Lost Opportunity

During the past eleven years, shrimp is the leading commodity of Indonesian fishery exports, especially the types of frozen and preserved shrimp that have a considerable export value. However, Indonesian exports value growth of both shrimp products are lower than its competitors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of competitiveness and the exports dynamics position of frozen and preserved shrimp in Indonesia among competing countries in the international market. The method used is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). The method is used to analyze changes in the competition level for 11 years (2007-2017), which is divided into 2 periods namely 2007-2012 and 2012-2017. The results showed that both frozen shrimp and preserved shrimp had a competitiveness in the international market. The competitiveness of Indonesian preserved shrimp tends to increase among 9 main competitors in two periods. In the first period, the competitiveness of Indonesian preserved shrimp was in the falling star position while in the second period reached the best position, namely rising star. On the other hand, the competitiveness of Indonesian frozen shrimp position in the first period was in the lost opportunity and reached the rising star position in the second period. Indonesia needs to increase exports of frozen and preserved shrimp products by ensuring the availability of raw materials and improving quality in exporting frozen shrimp and preserved shrimp.

scholarly journals WTO and India’s Agricultural Trade Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1942
Author(s):  
Raghav Bansal, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Products

India is an agrarian economy, which contributes about 15 percent of GDP and provides livelihood to more than 50 percent of the total population of the country. WTO has shown a momentous part in the expansion of the export market for developing and developed economy. Several measures are taken by WTO in order to reduce trade restrictions and trade barriers. In this study, we have been analyzed India’s agriculture trade, composition, direction and potential. The study is dependent on secondary data which is gathered from International Trade Centre, Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. Two-digits HS code products range from 01-24 were taken for the study. Few specific two and four-digit HS code products were taken to analyze the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Data were taken for the period 2001-2018. The export potential of India in international market was identified using reckoning of Balassa’s index of RCA. Study reveals that there has been a positive agricultural trade balance since 1990-91. In some agriculture commodities like coffee, oilseeds, tea and wheat India has a comparative advantage in export and India have both developed and developing countries such as UAE, USA, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam and Iran are exporting partner. In the last, study suggest that the government of India should focus more on producing agriculture products which has a country comparative advantage in trade like tea, oilseeds, coffee and wheat. Study suggests that EXIM bank should provide adequate credit to encourage agricultural export. The farming should be export-oriented to meet international standards.

scholarly journals UV Treatment on Inactivation of Fungal Contamination of Sri Lankan Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) seed and powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Weerasinghe W.A.B.S. ◽  
Amunugoda P.N.R.J.
Keyword(s):  
Black Pepper ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Pepper Seed ◽  
Canopy Type

A study was carried out to test the efficacy of UV- C treatment to decontaminate fungal species in black pepper. After preliminary tests carried out using a UV-C drum, a canopy type UV-C sterilization unit was designed and fabricated. Black pepper seed and powder samples were given 10, 15, and 20 minutes UV- C treatments. Results showed that UV-C canopy is effective on inactivation of yeast and moulds in black pepper seeds complying the international microbiological standard requirements for spices. Improvement of UV-C Design modification have been carrying out to obtain the potential inactivation level by UV-C light for black pepper powder and improve the inactivation level of bacteria in black pepper seed and powder.

scholarly journals Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Parnadi Dan Riris Loisa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Market ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method

This study aims to analyze and know how the level of competitiveness of Indonesian coffee exports in the International Market. The study was conducted using secondary data from various sources, including from BPS (BPS, 2016), Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture, International Coffee Organization, 2016) and AEKI (2016). Secondary data used in the form of time series data in the period of 7 years (2010-2016). Coffee is the object of research is all types of coffee. The data analysis method uses quantitative analysis method which is used to analyze the level of competitiveness of Indonesian coffee commodity exports in international market which include: Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Import Dependency Ratio (IDR), and Index of Market Specialization (ISP). Data processing will be done using Microsoft Excel 2013 software.Based on the analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) value, from 2010-2016 of 3.57, Indonesia has a comparative advantage in the coffee trade in the international market. However, the comparative advantage of Indonesia is still low compared to Colombia, Vietnam and Brazil, although still higher than India. The level of dependence on Indonesian coffee imports is calculated by using Import Dependency Ratio (IDR) of 1.42 percent. Indonesian coffee has a high competitiveness, as the value of the Indonesian Trade Specialty Index (ISP) of 0.91. This indicates that Indonesia is an exporting country for coffee commodities. Positive ISP results greater than 0 indicate that Indonesia's coffee commodity has a strong competitiveness, because the value of Indonesian coffee exports is greater than the value of Indonesian coffee imports.

scholarly journals REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES OF PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
W. Akhtar ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
C. Honghua
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Market ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Good Source

Since, Pakistan is bound to follow the international agreement drafted by WTO (World Trade Organization) to formulate trade policy which should be based on comparative and competitive advantages in the international economy, therefore the present study was designed to examine the specialization and competitiveness of Pakistan’s major crops.  For this purpose, Bela’ Balassa’s (1965) indexes of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) were employed, and moreover, secondary data from reliable sources related to crops from 1980 to 2013 were extensively utilized. The major findings of this research study revealed that Pakistan has a strong comparative and competitive advantage in rice, onion, dates, mango, mangoes- teen and guava during the period ranging from 1980 to 2013. Similarly, Pakistan has higher competitiveness in rice and mango at international level. Results also indicated that Pakistan has been facing disadvantages in potatoes during 1980 to 1997, and banana during 1980 to 2009, however, it was maintained but these vegetables/fruits have no competitiveness in the international market. The present study concludes that Pakistan has an excellent capability (being and agriculturally based economy) of higher growth of these products; therefore, these agricultural items could prove themselves a good source for Pakistan to earn higher foreign exchange.

Antileishmanial Alkaloids from Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
HRW Dharmaratne ◽  
BL Tekwani ◽  
NPD Nanayakkara
Keyword(s):  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY OF BIO-CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ON THE SOIL, YIELD AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Yap Chin Ann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Area Index ◽  
K 12

The last nutrient management review of black pepper was done in 1968. There is, therefore, a need to develop new technology to improve pepper production and transfer that technology to production site. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of newly developed biochemical fertilizer on some physiological characteristics, yield and soil fertility of pepper. The treatment consisted of T1 (BS): chemical fertilizer (N:12%, P:12%, K:17%); T2 (BK1): biochemical fertilizer F1 N:15%, P:5%, K:14) and T3 (BK2): biochemical fertilizer F2 (N:13%, P:4%, K:12). The biochemical fertilizer F1 out-yielded chemical and biochemical fertilizer F2 by 75.38% and 16.45% respectively with the higher yield being associated with various phonotypical alterations, which are reported here. Significant measureable changes were observed in physiological processes and plant characteristics, such as large leaf area index, more chlorophyll content and high photosynthesis rate coupled with lower transpiration rate in biochemical fertilizer F1(BK1) treatment compared with other treatment. The high fertility level in biochemical fertilizer F1 and biochemical fertilizer F2 (BK2) reflected the important of organic material in improving soil quality. In conclusion, the achieve high growth performance and yield in pepper, chemical fertilizer alone is insufficient whilst combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer with balance nutrient content gave a significant increase in yield and growth of pepper. 

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