Study of Novel High-Density Modules with Negative Space between Solar Cells

Abstract High-density crystalline silicon modules have recently invoked large interest in PV industry due to its higher efficiency. However, high-density stacking of cells in this kind of module may have additional reliability problem, which might cause higher power loss during outdoor operation. Modules based on half-cut cells have been widely studied due to their higher power output compared with modules based on full cells. When a cell is half cut, its current level is half reduced. When it is 1/3 cut, its current level is decreased by 2/3. However, high-density modules based on 1/3-cut cells have rarely been studied. Therefore, in this work, damp heat (DH), thermal cycle (TC), UV irradiation and humidity freezing (HF) test were utilized to study the power degradation performance of these high-density modules fabricated with 1/3 cut cells. The obtained results show that these novel high-density modules with negative space between 1/3 cut cells have good reliability in various environmental conditions.

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Study of novel high-density solar panels based on small space interconnection technology

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202126003007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 260 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Guoping Huang ◽

Hao Zhuang ◽

Honglie Shen ◽

Yashuai Jiang ◽

Guan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

High Density ◽

The Novel ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Small Space ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Time Operation ◽

Higher Power ◽

Long Time ◽

Module Efficiency

Small space interconnection technology (SSIT) has been utilized in solar panels recently. The application of this technology can further increase the module efficiency. However, higher power decay after long-time operation may occur due to additional risk. Therefore, in this paper, damp heat (DH), thermal cycle (TC), UV irradiation and humidity freezing (HF) tests were utilized to study the weatherability performance of SSIT-based high-density solar panels fabricated with cells cut by two different techniques. The achieved data suggest that the novel high-density modules with small space between cells have good reliability in various weather conditions. The novel low-damage laser-induced cutting technique is beneficial for the improvement of module reliability.

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Cu2Se-based thermoelectric cellular architectures for efficient and durable power generation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23944-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seungjun Choo ◽

Faizan Ejaz ◽

Hyejin Ju ◽

Fredrick Kim ◽

Jungsoo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

3D Printing ◽

Power Output ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Mechanical Stiffness ◽

Higher Power ◽

Printing Inks ◽

Binder Free ◽

Sustainable Power

AbstractThermoelectric power generation offers a promising way to recover waste heat. The geometrical design of thermoelectric legs in modules is important to ensure sustainable power generation but cannot be easily achieved by traditional fabrication processes. Herein, we propose the design of cellular thermoelectric architectures for efficient and durable power generation, realized by the extrusion-based 3D printing process of Cu2Se thermoelectric materials. We design the optimum aspect ratio of a cuboid thermoelectric leg to maximize the power output and extend this design to the mechanically stiff cellular architectures of hollow hexagonal column- and honeycomb-based thermoelectric legs. Moreover, we develop organic binder-free Cu2Se-based 3D-printing inks with desirable viscoelasticity, tailored with an additive of inorganic Se82− polyanion, fabricating the designed topologies. The computational simulation and experimental measurement demonstrate the superior power output and mechanical stiffness of the proposed cellular thermoelectric architectures to other designs, unveiling the importance of topological designs of thermoelectric legs toward higher power and longer durability.

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Efficient Cell Segmentation from Electroluminescent Images of Single-Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules and Cell-Based Defect Identification Using Deep Learning with Pseudo-Colorization

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21134292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4292

Author(s):

Horng-Horng Lin ◽

Harshad Kumar Dandage ◽

Keh-Moh Lin ◽

You-Teh Lin ◽

Yeou-Jiunn Chen

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Defect Detection ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Cell Segmentation ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Single Crystalline Silicon ◽

Defect Inspection ◽

Defect Identification ◽

Pv Modules ◽

A Cell

Solar cells may possess defects during the manufacturing process in photovoltaic (PV) industries. To precisely evaluate the effectiveness of solar PV modules, manufacturing defects are required to be identified. Conventional defect inspection in industries mainly depends on manual defect inspection by highly skilled inspectors, which may still give inconsistent, subjective identification results. In order to automatize the visual defect inspection process, an automatic cell segmentation technique and a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based defect detection system with pseudo-colorization of defects is designed in this paper. High-resolution Electroluminescence (EL) images of single-crystalline silicon (sc-Si) solar PV modules are used in our study for the detection of defects and their quality inspection. Firstly, an automatic cell segmentation methodology is developed to extract cells from an EL image. Secondly, defect detection can be actualized by CNN-based defect detector and can be visualized with pseudo-colors. We used contour tracing to accurately localize the panel region and a probabilistic Hough transform to identify gridlines and busbars on the extracted panel region for cell segmentation. A cell-based defect identification system was developed using state-of-the-art deep learning in CNNs. The detected defects are imposed with pseudo-colors for enhancing defect visualization using K-means clustering. Our automatic cell segmentation methodology can segment cells from an EL image in about 2.71 s. The average segmentation errors along the x-direction and y-direction are only 1.6 pixels and 1.4 pixels, respectively. The defect detection approach on segmented cells achieves 99.8% accuracy. Along with defect detection, the defect regions on a cell are furnished with pseudo-colors to enhance the visualization.

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INVESTIGATION OF BIAXIAL ELASTIC MODULUS AND CTE OF BaTiO3 FILMS

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797920903876x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (24) ◽

pp. 4933-4941

Author(s):

GUI-FANG HUANG ◽

WEI-QING HUANG ◽

LING-LING WANG ◽

ZHONG XIE ◽

BING-SUO ZOU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elastic Modulus ◽

Thermal Cycle ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Stress Measurement ◽

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽

Bulk Material ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Scanning Method ◽

As Stress

To develop high-quality film device with good reliability, it is often essential to be able to evaluate the parameters such as stress, the biaxial elastic modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of film. Based on the stress measurement in situ during the thermal cycle by laser scanning method, two techniques were used to measure the biaxial elastic modulus and CTE of BaTiO 3 films deposited on substrate. The value of the biaxial elastic modulus and CTE for BaTiO 3 films determined from two methods is close, in which the biaxial elastic modulus of BaTiO 3 films is higher than that of corresponding bulk while the CTE of BaTiO 3 films is a little smaller than that of bulk material.

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On the Structure and Some Properties of LaCo Co-substituted NiZn Ferrites Prepared Using the Standard Ceramic Technique

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2014-0221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 417-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaofei Niu ◽

Xiansong Liu ◽

Xin Huang ◽

Kai Huang ◽

Yuqi Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Power Loss ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Initial Permeability ◽

High Resistivity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ferrite Sample ◽

Higher Power

AbstractZn0.5Ni0.5-xCoxFe2-yLayO4 ferrites (with x=0, 0.02 and y=0, 0.02) were prepared by an industrial method using the standard ceramic technique and sintered at 1,250°C in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain the phase formation of the NiZn ferrites. The microstructure of ferrites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD reveals that lattice parameter (a) is decreased and a secondary phase (LaFeO3) is formed in the La–Co co-substituted NiZn ferrite sample, meanwhile, the grain size (D) of this sample decreased obviously by observing SEM photographs. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), B-H analyzer, impedance analyzer and electrometer were carried out in order to characterize some properties of the ferrites. This investigation indicates that, La–Co co-substituted NiZn ferrite sample has higher power loss (Pcv) than other samples at low frequency with an increase in coercive field (Hc) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K1), a decrease in initial permeability (μi) and saturation magnetization (Ms). However, at high frequency, the power loss of La–Co co-substituted sample is low, which is attributed to high resistivity (ρ), small grain size (D), less number of Fe2+ ions and low porosity (P).

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THE DEPOSITION AND CONTROL OF SELF ASSEMBLED SILICON NANO ISLANDS ON CRYSTALLINE SILICON

International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems ◽

10.1142/s0129156408005862 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (04) ◽

pp. 901-910

Author(s):

RAGNAR KIEBACH ◽

ZHENRUI YU ◽

MARIANO ACEVES-MIJARES ◽

DONGCAI BIAN ◽

JINHUI DU

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

High Density ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pressure Chemical ◽

And Control ◽

Circuit Technology

The formation of nano sized Si structures during the annealing of silicon rich oxide (SRO) films was investigated. These films were synthesized by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and used as precursors, a post-deposition thermal annealing leads to the formation of Si nano crystals in the SiO 2 matrix and Si nano islands ( Si nI ) at c-Si /SRO interface. The influences of the excess Si concentration, the incorporation of N in the SRO precursors, and the presence of a Si concentration gradient on the Si nI formation were studied. Additionally the influence of pre-deposition substrate surface treatments on the island formation was investigated. Therefore, the substrate surface was mechanical scratched, producing high density of net-like scratches on the surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize the synthesized nano islands. Results show that above mentioned parameters have significant influences on the Si nIs . High density nanosized Si islands can epitaxially grow from the c-Si substrate. The reported method is very simple and completely compatible with Si integrated circuit technology.

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Analysis on the Performance of a Prototype of Thermoelectric based Power Generation System

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822502019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 02019

Author(s):

Ali Elghool ◽

M.F. Naeem ◽

Firdaus Basrawi ◽

Hassan Ibrahim ◽

DMND Idris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Power Output ◽

Heat Sink ◽

Cell Phone ◽

Thermoelectric Generator ◽

Electrical Load ◽

Generation System ◽

Heat Collector ◽

A Cell ◽

Power Generation System

There are needs on electricity but people cannot get electricity including when doing outdoor activities at isolated areas, selling goods in night market and during disaster such as flood and earthquake. People need electricity especially for charging communication gadgets and lighting. Thus, the objective of this study is to develope and test the performance of a small prototype of thermoelectric generator (TEG) based power generation system. The TEG based power generation system developed consists of heat collector, thermoelectric generator, heat pipe and fin based heat sink, and DC-DC converter. The heat collector was designed to ensure the suitable temperature for the TEG which is should not exceed 320°C on the hot side. Heat pipes was used to increase the power output by lowering or maintaining the temperature at cold side, to ensure large temperature difference is obtained. The prototype was tested and data of temperature, voltage and current were collected. A cell phone was used during the test as a load to the system. All the data were recorded by using temperature data recorder, power meter and multimeter. It was found that the highest maximum power output was 7.7 watt at the temperature difference of 138°C. The output is sufficient to charge the cell phone and it is also possible to light an LED bulb. However, it did not achieve the maximum output of 43 W. This is a results of limitation of maximum electrical load (only one cell phone was used) and the limitation of the performance of the prototype. Thus, although the prototype is succesfully generate enough power to charge a cell phone, but improvement in heat sink design, and adding more electrical load are needed to get better results.

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Optic Flow Influences Perceived Exertion During Cycling

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.34.4.444 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 444-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David Parry ◽

Camilla Chinnasamy ◽

Dominic Micklewright

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Optic Flow ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Video Footage ◽

Higher Power ◽

Cycling Time

Optic flow on the retina creates a perception of a person’s movement relative to their surroundings. This study investigated the effect of optic flow on perceived exertion during cycling. Fifteen participants completed a 20-km reference cycling time trail in the fastest possible time followed by three randomly counterbalanced 20-km cycling trials. Optic flow, via projected video footage of a cycling course, either represented actual speed (TTNORM) or was varied by −15% (TTSLOW) and +15% (TTFAST). During TTSLOW, power output and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), measured every 4 km, were lower during TTSLOW compared with TTNORM and TTFAST. There were no differences in heart rate or cadence. This study is the first to show that different rates of optic flow influence perceived exertion during cycling, with slower optic flow being associated with lower RPE and higher power output.

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