scholarly journals Stability of the bedrock of castle building for geotourism purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
Miloš Duraj ◽  
Dominik Niemiec ◽  
Estevao Mendes ◽  
Erik Sombathy
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tectonic Disturbances ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
To Receive

Abstract The geological structure of the Slovak Republic is very complex and varied. This fact in the course of centuries has had an impact on the castle buildings built here. The subsoil of these structures has different petrographic composition, tectonic disturbances and other geological complexities that threaten the stability of these structures and endanger the objects in their surroundings. In recent years, these structures have begun to receive deserved attention. In the past, the problems of severely disturbed blocks in the subsoil were mainly addressed and had to be rehabilitated for these reasons. These were mainly buildings whose subsoil is built with carbonate rocks. A perfect example of a long-term solution to these complex problems is also the Strecno Castle. A lot of effort and money has already been devoted to solving the stability of the bedrock, which also adversely affects the stability of the castle. However, the extensive set of works that have been carried out here over a long period of time have not brought a complete solution to the problems that occur here. For this reason, continuous work is being carried out here under the guidance of experts to eliminate the effects of erosion of the bedrock in particular. In the present work, the activities and measures that have been implemented here in stages up to the present are briefly described chronologically.

scholarly journals 2417. Feasibility and Safety of Using a Probiotic Comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R and L. rhamnosus CLR2 for C. difficile Infection Prevention Among Antibiotic Users: 15-Years of Prospective Results from a Single-Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S834-S835
Author(s):  
Pierre-Jean Maziade ◽  
Daniel Lussier ◽  
Francoise Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Hospitals use multiple concurrent prevention strategies to curb nosocomial C. difficile infection, but there are limited data on the long-term feasibility or safety of using a probiotic. Pierre-Le Gardeur Hospital, Québec, has been administering a probiotic comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R and L. rhamnosus CLR2 since 2004 with documented results through March 31, 2014. Here we present an update for the past 5 years. Methods Several nosocomial infection prevention practices were running concurrently at the hospital. Adult inpatients treated with antibiotics from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2019 were eligible to receive the probiotic. The hospital pharmacy ensured that each patient took the probiotic capsules (Bio-K+® 50 Billion) daily from the initiation of antibiotic use. Confirmed nosocomial cases of C. difficile infection were recorded and reported to the provincial public health agency. The rate of nosocomial CDI for this hospital was compared with other non-University affiliated hospitals in the health region with more than 110 beds and fewer than 45% of patients age 65 and older, and, to all other hospitals in the health system. Results Cumulatively over the past 15 years, more than sixty thousand antibiotic-treated adult inpatients took the probiotic daily during antibiotic use. Among 13 comparable hospitals, Pierre-Le Gardeur Hospital had the lowest rate of nosocomial CDI in 2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2016–2017, 2017–2018 and on average had the lowest rate for 2013–2018 (1.1 CDI cases per 10,000 patient-days). Compared with all hospitals in the Province of Quebec health system, N = 95, the hospital had the lowest nosocomial CDI rate on average for 2013–2018. No cases of Lactobacillus bacteremia were detected. Conclusion The overall infection prevention strategy has been highly effective, resulting in a consistently low rate of nosocomial CDI. We found that it is feasible to administer this probiotic to antibiotic-treated inpatients with few restrictions. No Lactobacillus infections were observed from any of the three strains of bacteria for this probiotic when given to more than sixty thousand adult inpatients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

British Parties in the Balance: A Time-Series Analysis of Long-Term Trends in Labour and Conservative Support

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Mishler ◽  
Marilyn Hoskin ◽  
Roy Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Stability

The electoral domination of the Conservative party during the past decade has been interpreted by many as evidence of a long-term shift in the balance of public support from Labour to the Conservatives. This article argues that such a shift has not occurred. Rather, the stability apparent in recent election results disguises considerable underlying volatility. The balance of public support between the major parties continues to be highly unstable and subject to large and precipitous fluctuations in response to relatively small economic changes and ordinary political events. Recent Conservative victories appear to be the results more of good timing and luck than of any fundamental, long-term dynamic in British politics.

scholarly journals The Partisan Sorting of `America': How Nationalist Cleavages Shaped the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Bonikowski ◽  
Yuval Feinstein ◽  
Sean Bock
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The U.S

Political scientists have acknowledged the importance of nationalism as a constitutive element of radical-right politics, but have typically empirically reduced the phenomenon to its downstream attitudinal correlates. Sociologists, on the other hand, have extensively studied nationalism, but have only sporadically engaged in debates about institutional politics. In this study, we bring these literatures together by considering how nationalist beliefs shaped respondents' voting preferences in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and how the election outcome built on long-term changes in the distribution of nationalism in the U.S. population. The results suggest that competing understandings of American nationhood were effectively mobilized by candidates from the two parties, both in the 2016 primaries and the general election. Furthermore, over the past twenty years, nationalism has become sorted by party, as Republican identifiers have come to define America in more exclusionary and critical terms and Democrats have increasingly endorsed inclusive and positive conceptions of nationhood. These trends point to the rising demand for radical candidates among Republicans and suggests a potentially bleak future for U.S. politics, as nationalism becomes yet another among multiple overlapping social and cultural cleavages that serve to reinforce partisan divisions and undermine the stability of liberal democratic institutions.

Suitability of Flash Media for the Long-Term Storage of Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Joe Iraci
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Flash Storage ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
The Stability ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Flash storage media such as memory cards and USB flash drives are now commonly used to transfer and store information. However, little is known about the long-term stability of this type of media and this is a concern for archives and other institutions as they begin to receive content stored on these devices. In this study, the stabilities of a variety of different flash media were examined. The evaluation was performed by using accelerated ageing at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity (RH) and 125 °C for ageing intervals up to 2000 hours. Measurements were also performed on samples previously subjected to accelerated ageing and then naturally aged for five years to verify the results from the accelerated ageing experiments. Overall, the stability of flash media was very good. For many of the samples, no read errors were encountered after accelerated or natural ageing. However, for several of the high capacity flash card samples and USB flash drives, significant decreases in read speed were noted. This can be problematic because it will eventually lead to read errors. It was established that for the USB samples this instability was likely attributed to the use of the less stable TLC (triple-level cell) memory chip.

scholarly journals Establishment of a cryopreserved biobank for the Culture Collection of Freshwater Microalgae (CCMA-UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Piton Tessarolli ◽  
John Godfrey Day ◽  
Armando Augusto Henriques Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
And Training ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract The Culture Collection of Freshwater Microalgae (CCMA-UFSCar, Coleção de Culturas de Microalgas de Água-Doce), based at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, plays an important role in underpinning Brazilian microalgal research, providing biological materials, substrates and training personnel for a large proportion of the past and current projects in this area. However, recent efforts to expand the culture catalogue/holdings have reached a ceiling because of the logistical practicality of maintaining actively growing cultures. In order to reduce the costs associated with the maintenance regime of cultures, efforts were initiated on the establishment of a cryopreserved biobank for long term maintenance of cultures, thus minimizing the efforts associated with handling of material, as successfully frozen cultures, in theory, could be maintained effectively indefinitely, with the advantage of the stability of cells characteristics. Initial tests were performed on 93 strains including exemplar taxa across the different taxonomic groups in the collection catalogue. The highest levels of success were achieved for the smaller taxa, such as the small green algae; while for the larger and more complex organisms limited to no success was obtained. For the strains tested, over 70% had positive good levels of post-thaw viability and regenerated phenotypically normal cultures.

scholarly journals Prognostic information for people with MS: Impossible or inevitable?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Heesen ◽  
Antonio Scalfari ◽  
Ian Galea
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Nocebo Effect ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
To Receive

Delivering prognostic information is a challenging issue in medicine and has been largely neglected in the past. A major reason has been a suspected nocebo effect of pessimistic estimates, although this is largely unproven. Among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a strong unmet need to receive long-term prognostic information. This viewpoint discusses reasons for this blind spot in physicians’ attitude, foremost among which is the uncertainty of prognostic estimates. Possible strategies to move forward include tools to identify matching patients from large well-defined databases, to deliver an evidence-based individualized estimate of long-term prognosis, and its confidence interval, in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Stability study of nasal powder formulation containing nanosized lamotrigine

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Péter Gieszinger ◽  
Gábor Katona ◽  
Piroska Szabó-Révész ◽  
Rita Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Local Effect ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
System Effect ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Degradation Effect

Drug administration through the nose offers great possibilities which have been discovered in the past few decades. Besides the most known local effect, systemic and central nervous system effect is also available, the administration is non-painful and the degradation effect of the gastrointestinal tract can be avoided. Amongst the nasal formulations, powders have become more popular as their stability is favorable compared to the liquid formulations and a higher dose can be administered in powder form. The quality insurance and stability of the products in the pharmaceutical field have gained considerable attention in the last decades. Due to this fact, the aim was to execute a long-term stability study of a previously developed, nanosized lamotrigine (LAM) containing nasal powder (NP) formulation. The results of the stability test showed that the NP formulation preserved its key properties (particle size, morphology, structure and in vitro drug release) after 6 months of storage.

The Stability of the WHO Reference Thromboplastin NIBS & C 67/40

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

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