scholarly journals Evaluation of Apium graveolens from different geographical origins based on TLC-fingerprint and chemometrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
K Kartini ◽  
M Jannah ◽  
F Wulandari ◽  
N D Oktaviyanti ◽  
F Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Score Plot ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Comparable Quality

Abstract Apium graveolens (celery) has various roles both in the food and medicine sectors. It grows very well in the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and Asia, including Indonesia. This Apiaceae member contains a number of phytoconstituents, and geographical origin is known to significantly determine the type and concentration of phytochemicals in plant material. This study was carried out to validate and develop thin layer chromatography (TLC)-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), to evaluate the quality of celery harvested from thirteen different geographical origins in Indonesia. The mobile phase was first optimized with a simplex axial design, resulting in 2-propanol, toluene, and dichloromethane (1:6:1) as the optimum mobile phase for a stable and precise TLC system in the celery sample analysis. When analyzed with chemometrics, the TLC-fingerprints could discriminate celeries from various origins. The PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PCs) and CA clearly distinguished the samples’ properties and classified them into four clusters. Samples grouped into one cluster were concluded to have comparable quality, while those in different clusters had different qualities.

scholarly journals Environmental factors affecting coffee (Coffea arabica L., Var. Castillo) quality in Colombia Southern

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Patricia Criollo-Velásquez ◽  
Johana Alixa Muñoz-Belalcazar ◽  
Tulio César Lagos-Burbano
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Cup Quality

The determinant factors of coffee cup quality are highly variable and depend on their interaction with coffee production and benefit. This study aimed to analyze soil and climatic factors and their association with the cup quality of Castillo coffee variety of three to five years of age from production units in ecotypes 220A and 221A of the Department of Nariño. The study farms were located in three different altitudinal ranges: ≤1500 m, between 1501 and 1700 m, and >1700 m. Soil, climate, and coffee cup quality variables were analyzed through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. A low level of association was found between climatic and soil nutritional factors and coffee cup quality. Soil Mn, Fe, and Cu contents showed the highest association levels with cup quality, indicated by an average score of 80.89. The highest values of photosynthetically active radiation -PAR- and thermal amplitude were found in La Unión - Nariño, and these variables were associated with the group that obtained the highest cup quality score (82.58). Cup quality was not associated with elevation since the highest scores (85.5 and 82.33) were obtained from production units located at ≤1500 m.a.s.l. and >1700 m.a.s.l, respectively.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of User Behaviors on Unimproved and Improved Street Spaces in Da Nang, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457
Author(s):  
Duy Thinh Do ◽  
Suguru Mori ◽  
Rie Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The shortage of open spaces in developing countries in Asia such as Vietnam has been a thorny question for urbanists. Due to a poor history of public spaces, people tend to use street spaces as open spaces and other functions that bring chaos and danger onto the streets. Although developed countries in the West have overcome the dangers of life on street spaces to some extent, Vietnam, with its low quality of life, retains its inherent street bustle. Street improvements have been carried out to enhance the quality of urban life. This research aims at comparing improved and unimproved street spaces in various aspects, including user behavior and the environment-behavior relationship within street spaces and their surroundings. The findings contribute to the future improvement of street spaces in Vietnam and other developing countries based on theories of Environment-Behavior Studies. Through this research, the street renovation and development idea can be processed in a distinctive manner that appreciates the cultural and social context instead of being derived from the arbitrary or intuitive ideas of designers. By using various observation methods such as centered behavioral mapping (PcBM) and visual encounter surveys (VES), and statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), the findings show that a total of eight physical attributes need consideration during street renovations or development processes. Improved and unimproved street spaces share two attributes and differ in six attributes. Additionally, three environment-behavior patterns support the implications detailed in this paper. Finally, a suggestion for street space development and management is made to support related authorities and urbanists in future projects; it is hope that this research will contribute to creating more livable and sustainable street environments.

scholarly journals Assessment of Lipophilicity Descriptors of Selected NSAIDs Obtained at Different TLC Stationary Phases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Starek ◽  
Alina Plenis ◽  
Marta Zagrobelna ◽  
Monika Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Retention Parameters ◽  
Extract Information

Lipophilicity study of selected NSAIDs, the group of the bioactive compounds usually used in humans and animals medicine, with the use of experimental and calculation methods was evaluated. LogP values are proposed and compared as descriptors of the lipophilicity of eleven compounds (from oxicams and coxibs). Obtained data were designated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in various chromatographic conditions, with stationary phases with different properties. The mobile phase systems were prepared by mixing the respective amounts of water and organic modifier, methanol and acetone, in the range of 30 to 80% (v/v) in 5% increments. Retention parameters (RF, RM and RM0) were calculated and statistically evaluated to establish correlations. All experimentally determined RM0 values were compared with partition coefficients obtained by computational methods using linear regression analysis. Moreover, in order to extract information about the lipophilicity of compounds from large retention datasets, two chemometric approaches, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were carried out. Established models of lipophilicity may have the potential to predict the biological activity of a number of drugs. The presented knowledge may also be of use during drug discovery processes, broadening the knowledge of potential ways to modify the physicochemical properties of chemical compounds.

Analysis of trace elements in surface sediments, mussels, seagrass and seawater along the southeastern Adriatic coast – a chemometric approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavka Stanković ◽  
Bojan Tanaskovski ◽  
Božidarka Zlatić ◽  
Milica Arsenović ◽  
Lato Pezo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AbstractSurface sediments, mussels, seagrass, surface and bottom seawater samples were collected from the costal area of the southeastern Adriatic Sea and analyzed in order to determine the concentration and origin of the following elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Ni, Co, As, Cd, Cr and Hg. The complexity of the obtained data was reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), methods well known and accepted for the identification of the quality of marine environments. Both PCA and CA analysis were used to discriminate groups of samples according to the similarity of their chemical composition. The results revealed good diversity between the various samples, expressed by their distinctive positions of points in factor space. PCA indicated that the first two PC components explained about 73, 48, 43, 48, and 50 % of the total variance of the data for sediments, mussels, seagrass, and surface and bottom water, respectively. The results showed good discrimination capabilities between the samples taken from different locations, and also different seasons, which was especially evident in the surface and bottom water samples. Simultaneously, PCA/CA analysis of the amounts of trace elements found in the marine organisms could explain the manner of their bioaccumulation.

scholarly journals Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics Studies of Sophora Flavescens can Identify the Geographical Origin of Root Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Suzuki ◽  
Hisahiro Kai ◽  
Yoshihiro Uesawa ◽  
Koji Matsuno ◽  
Yoshihito Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Electron Ionization ◽  
Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Score Plot ◽  
Traditional Medicines

An electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS)-based metabolomic approach was applied to Sophora flavescens to identify the geographical origin of each sample. The score plot from principal component analysis using the EI-MS data showed that Japanese S. flavescens samples tended to cluster away from Chinese S. flavescens samples. Statistical techniques showed that ions arising from kurarinol and kushenol H, which we previously identified as marker molecules for Japanese S. flavescens, were characteristic of Japanese S. flavescens. Therefore, metabolomics based on EI-MS data is a valuable tool for confirming the geographical origins of S. flavescens samples. The results suggest that EI-MS-based metabolomics is suitable for the quality control of traditional medicines containing many components.

scholarly journals Geographical origin of honey from eight sub-regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alibabić Vildana ◽  
Oraščanin Melisa ◽  
Vahčić Nada
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sensory Parameters

Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to define the geographical origin of three types of monofloral (chestnut, linden, and acacia), two types of multifloral (meadow and mixed), and forest honey produced over two consecutive harvest seasons in the Una-Sana Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina), which is geographically divided into eight sub-regions. Statistical analysis was applied to the measurement of physico-chemical and sensory parameters, as well as micro- and macronutrient (K, Na, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Al) content, along with some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and As). Using the PCA method the characteristic parameters for all eight sub-regions were determined, while the CA grouping method was used to determine the characteristic parameters for six sub-regions. Chestnut honey is predominantly found in Cazin, chestnut and linden honey in Bosanska Krupa, chestnut and acacia honey in Bužim, acacia honey in Sanski Most, mixed honey in Velika Kladuša and forest honey in Ključ.

Assessment of the spatial–temporal variations on the water quality of stagnant Haihe River, Tianjin, North China

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1116
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Ling Xiao ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Can Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Abstract Spatial–temporal variations in 13 selected water quality parameters from four stations located in the stagnant Haihe River from 2012 to 2014 were analysed. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied. The main latent anthropogenic factors affecting the water quality of Sanchakou, Sixin Bridge, Liulin, and Erdao Gate were combined sewer overflow, organic matter, domestic sewage, and agricultural diffuse source, respectively. External inputs mainly affected quality water in the summer–autumn season. By contrast, intrinsic biochemical processes were highly correlated with water quality in the winter–spring season. Ranges of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of four sampling sites measured 1.2 mg/L to 11.4 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L to 2.06 mg/L, respectively. TN/TP (mass ratio) was mainly between 9 and 23, indicating severely eutrophicated mainstream of the Haihe River and sufficient amounts of nutrients for phytoplankton growth and reproduction. Hence, dual nutrients control strategies should be implemented in this stagnant urban river.

Geochemical and multivariate assessment of water quality in the Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raj Pant ◽  
Barsha Adhikari ◽  
Upendra Baral ◽  
Suraj Shrestha ◽  
Shristi Neupane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Major Anions ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The Himalayan freshwater lakes embody treasure of the country, crystal-clear nature of which offers water for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes, and provides shelter to numerous species, preserve aquatic biodiversity and habitat of the area. Freshwater lake is one of the major sources of livelihood amenities in Nepal and replenishes groundwater, positively influence the quality of downstream watercourses. In the present study, 20 water samples were collected from different points of Rajarani Lake, and analyzed for water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), oxygen-reduction potential (ORP), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO),total hardness (TH), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ and NH4+) and major anions (HCO3-, Cl-, NO3-, and PO43-). The acquired data were interpreted using multivariate statistical technique with principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to evaluate controlling factors and characteristics of sampling locations in the lake.PCA results demonstrated major three factors contributing to water quality in lake with a 73.89% of cumulative variance. Similarly, CA results characterized sampling locations into four clusters indicating differentiation in the chemical concentrations. Results of the assessment through PCA, CA and comparison with other Himalayan lakes indicated that Rajarani Lake is not severely affected by pollution because it is still unexplored and thus pristine in nature. This study suggests that water quality of lake environments needs to be further investigated, focusing on depth-wise and temporal levels for its sustainability.

scholarly journals HPLC-DAD Fingerprints Combined With Multivariate Analysis of Epimedii Folium From Major Producing Areas in Eastern Asia: Effect of Geographical Origin and Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Li ◽  
Marta R. M. Lima ◽  
Yuhao Nie ◽  
Long Xu ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hplc Data

The growth location and plant variety may influence the active components and biological activities of plants used in phytomedicine. In this study, nine sets of different Epimedii Folium, from different representative cultivation locations and Epimedium species, were collected for comparison, using HPLC-DAD combined with multivariate analysis. The objective was to investigate the influence of geographical origin and Epimedium species on the quality of Epimedii Folium, and provide applicable guidance for cultivation and quality control of Epimedii Folium. Several Epimedium spp. sets were used to establish the HPLC-DAD fingerprints and 91 peaks (compounds) were selected for the multivariate analysis. Major compounds were analyzed by HPLC-DAD combined with principal component analysis (PCA). HPLC quantitative analysis of known bioactive compounds was performed. Application of PCA to HPLC data showed that Epimedium samples sharing the same geographical origin or species clustered together, indicating that both species and geographical origin have impacts on the quality of Epimedii Folium. The major bioactive flavonoid compounds, epimedin C, icariin and baohuoside I, were identified and quantified. The concentration of bioactive compounds was significantly influenced both by species and geographical origin. E. sagittatum from Sichuan showed the highest content of bioactive compounds. The results showed that both Epimedium species and geographical origin have strong impact into quality of Epimedii Folium. HPLC data combined with multivariate analysis is a suitable approach to inform the selection of cultivation areas and choose Epimedium spp. most suitable for different geographical areas, resulting in improved quality of Epimedii Folium.

scholarly journals Non-destructive Analysis of Volatile Compounds for Geographical Identification of Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengying Hu ◽  
Hongbo Ren ◽  
Song Yong ◽  
Siyuan Gao ◽  
Li Meng
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Background In recent years, high-quality rice adulteration has become a serious problem. It is essential to prevent false origin labels and dishonest transactions. However, there is still a lack of rapid identification methods for discriminating rice from different sources. In this study, we developed a method to profile volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the identification efficiency of the biomarkers was determined using several multivariate analysis methods. Results Based on the t-test, fold changes and volcano plots, eight typical biomarkers were used based their differential levels. Among them, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the most important source of aroma in rice flavor. Unsupervised analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis, demonstrated the potential for geographic classification of rice between Wuchang and other regions. In addition, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) yielded a goodness of fit of 0.900, a goodness of prediction of 0.853, and a probability of substitution test of 0.012. Random forest (RF) algorithm further strengthened the discriminating ability of volatile compounds. Conclusion In short, the current method can quickly distinguish rice from Wu Chang and other regions, and the research method can facilitate controlling the authenticity and quality of rice.

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