scholarly journals Anti-termite activities of Indonesia’s essential oils against invasive drywood termite for wood product protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
D Meisyara ◽  
S K Himmi ◽  
D Tarmadi ◽  
M Ismayati ◽  
B Wikantyoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus ◽  
Sample Weight Loss ◽  
Product Protection ◽  
Drywood Termites

Abstract The Indo-Malayan drywood termite, Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Light) (Kalotermitidae), is considered one of the most invasive drywood termites in the Southeast Asian region. Once infesting a timber, the colony of a drywood termite is very difficult to be controlled. Thus, the best way to mitigate a new infestation of a drywood termite is by applying chemical protection on wood. In recent years, particular attention has been given by researchers to develop and use organic termiticides, such as essential oils extracted from plants as active ingredients. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the repellency performance of several economically important essential oils from Indonesia, such as Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba L), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) against a drywood termite, C. cynocephalus. The test was performed by subjecting various concentrations of essential oil toward C. cynocephalus in the force-feeding test method. Sample weight-loss was evaluated after two weeks test. The results suggested that Clove oil has the highest repellence performance against C. cynocephalus, followed by Lemon Grass and Cubeb Pepper oils. The Termite mortality rate was also recorded to understand the toxicity performance of those essential oils.

Enzyme‐assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
R. Amudan ◽  
D. V. Kamat ◽  
S. D. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus  (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.

scholarly journals Assessment of the efficiency of essential oils in the preservation of postharvest papaya in an antimicrobial packaging system

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Judith Perez Espitia ◽  
Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares ◽  
Laura Costa Moreira Botti ◽  
Nathália Ramos de Melo ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Antimicrobial Packaging ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Lemon Grass

Rot and damage caused by post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi affect fruit quality. Essential oils (EO) are considered as an alternative to fungicides. Postharvest diseases of fruits may also be controlled by the bagging approach and the use of antimicrobial packaging. Based on the beneficial properties of EO and the concepts of bagging and antimicrobial packaging, this study aimed to develop sachets containing EO to be used as part of an antimicrobial packaging system. The activities of oregano, cinnamon and lemon grass EO were evaluated testing the sachets in vitro against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Fusarium semitectum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stolonifer. The effects of the sachets on the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of post-harvest papaya were also evaluated. Both pure and sachet-incorporated EO showed antifungal activity in vitro against all tested fungi. For papaya, sachets containing cinnamon, oregano and lemon grass showed a significant reduction in the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, with the cinnamon sachet causing the greatest reduction in microorganisms at the end of the storage time. Physicochemical parameters of papaya, such as weight loss, colour, firmness, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and pH were not significantly altered by the presence of EO sachets, thus not affecting the natural ripening process of the papaya.

scholarly journals Potential of essential oils for the control of brown eye spot in coffee plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges Pereira ◽  
Gilvaine Ciavareli Lucas ◽  
Fabiano José Perina ◽  
Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende ◽  
Eduardo Alves
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Brown Eye Spot ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objectives of this work were to assess the in vitro effect of essential oils extracted from cinnamon, citronella, lemon grass, India clove, tea tree, thyme, neem and eucalyptus on the conidia germination and on mycelial growth of Cercospora coffeicola, and their efficacy to control the brown eye spot in coffee seedlings (cultivars Catucaí 2SL, Catuaí IAC 62 and Mundo Novo 379/19) in a greenhouse, as well as their effects on the initial germination and infection events by scanning electron microscopy. All essential oils promoted the inhibition of conidia germination with increasing concentrations. India clove, cinnamon, neem, thyme and lemon grass oils inhibited the mycelial growth of C. coffeicola. The cinnamon and citronella oils were the most promising for brown eye spot control in all cultivars. In scanning electron microscopy, the cinnamon and citronella oils reduced germination and mycelial development of C. coffeicola in vivo, eight and 16 hours after inoculation, promoting, in some cases, the leakage of the cellular content. Essential oils of cinnamon and citronella reduced the incidence and severity of brown eye spot, in addition to presenting direct toxicity to the pathogen.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils on pathogenic fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Aparecida do Couto ◽  
Felipe Da Silva Dias ◽  
Mírian Lobo Sáber
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus ◽  
Callistemon Viminalis ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
Citronella Grass ◽  
Mycelial Development

Since the induction of chemical defensives in agriculture, human beings have suffered from our own actions, caused by the indiscriminate and abusive use of those substances; therefore, researches have been motivated to look for alternative ways, aiming to use plant inputs to control pathogenic agents in agriculture. As the essential oils from the species Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus), Callistemon viminalis (weeping bottlebrush), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella grass) and Tetradeniariparia (misty plume bush) have proved effectiveness and an immense applicability, this research studied the use of those essential oils, aiming the effectiveness against plant pathogens. The plants were collected from Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre (MG). The fungi’s samples belong to the mycology collection from the institution and the tests were based on the mycelial development comparison of the control fungi on the dishes with essential oils. Notice that the inhibition caused by the oils over fungi’s mycelial developing and the analysis of the data have been made through Turkey’s statistic. From the data analyzed, it was possible to realize that the citronella’s grass essential oil was efficient to control the mycelial development of fungi analyzed, followed by, in order of efficiency, the eucalyptus oil, the weeping bottlebrush oil and the misty plume bush oil.

Phytotoxicity of clove oil and its primary constituent eugenol and the role of leaf epicuticular wax in the susceptibility to these essential oils

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Bainard ◽  
Murray B. Isman ◽  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax

Herbicidal activities of clove oil and its primary constituent eugenol on broccoli, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed and the role of crystalline leaf epicuticular wax (LEW) in susceptibility and retention of these essential oils were studied. Clove oil (2.5%) and eugenol (1.5%) were applied to leaves of greenhouse-grown broccoli, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed seedlings and effects on seedling growth and leaf cell membrane integrity were studied. Compared with eugenol, clove oil caused greater inhibition of seedling growth in all species. Both eugenol and clove oil caused greater loss of membrane integrity and inhibition of seedling growth in redroot pigweed, which has no crystalline LEW, compared with common lambsquarters, which has a thick layer of crystalline LEW. In broccoli seedlings with LEW, clove oil caused greater inhibition of growth than eugenol. Both clove oil and eugenol caused greater electrolyte leakage from broccoli leaves without LEW than in the leaves with LEW. Removal of LEW increased electrolyte leakage, an indicator of cell membrane damage, by 97% in eugenol-treated and 26% in clove oil–treated broccoli leaves. Susceptibility of broccoli seedlings and possibly some weed species may, therefore, be affected by factors (e.g., genetic, environmental) that influence the amount of LEW. Although the presence of LEW greatly reduced the retention of the essential oil solutions, there was no significant difference between the retention of clove oil and eugenol solutions, indicating that differences in their phytotoxicity to broccoli leaves was not due to differential foliar retention.

scholarly journals ADULTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BOTANICAL OILS BY IMPREGNATED PAPER ASSAY AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
M. Ramar ◽  
S. Ignacimuthu ◽  
P. Manonmani ◽  
K. Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Indigenous Plant

Objective: The present study was undertaken with the aim of finding out the efficacy of essential oils (EOs) as anti-mosquito agents for commercial purposes. Plant source insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study were evaluated to assess the knock-down and adulticidal prospective of the essential oils against Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant essential oil is largely cultivated throughout India and in all Tropical countries.Methods: The selected botanical essential oils were procured from commercial producers of plant essential oils and aromatic substances were used in this study. Knock-down and Adulticidal bioassay was performed according to WHO protocol. A single dose of the essential oils was used in the preliminary screening. 20 adult mosquitoes (3-5 d old glucose fed mosquitoes) were exposed on treated paper for one hour and knocked down and live mosquitoes were counted at 5 minute intervals.Results: Among the twenty three oils tested, 100% knock-down and adult mortality was recorded at 10%/cm2dose of calamus, camphor, cinnamon, citronella, clove, eucalyptus, lemongrass, pine, thyme and tulsi oils respectively. At 10 % concentration, clove oil (KT50 =1.8 and KT90 = 2.03 min) was found to be the most potential treatment. After 15 min exposure period clove oil registered the lowest knock-down dosewhich was calculated as (KD50 =1.8 %/cm2and KD90 =11.2 %/cm2). The lower and upper 95 % confidence limits for clove oil were calculated as 0.2 and 4.2 min respectively.Conclusion: From the results it can be concluded that the adult of the Cx. quinquefasciatus were susceptible to the essential oils. Such findings would be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for mosquito control on basis of chemical compounds from indigenous plant sources as an alternative to chemicals.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI ALAT PROSES PENINGKATAN MINYAK CENGKEH PADA KLASTER MINYAK ATSIRI KABUPATEN BATANG

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Widayat ◽  
Bambang Cahyono ◽  
N Ngadiwiyana
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRAK Minyak cengkeh merupakan salah satu produk dari minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan oleh Kluster Minyak Atsiri di Kabupaten Batang. Permasalahan yang dihadapi saat ini adalah kadar eugenol yang rendah serta warna yang belum bisa memenuhi standar SII/EOA maupun SNI 06 2387 2006. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan peningkatan kualitas minyak cengkeh /eugenol dengan proses adsorpsi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa: bahan minyak cengkeh belum memenuhi standar SNI 06 2387 2006 khususnya dari warna dan kadar eugenol total. Hal ini dikarenakan dalam proses masih digunakan peralatan dari besi. Minyak cengkeh dapat ditingkatkan kadar eugenol dan perbaikan warna menjadi lebih cerah (kuning) dengan penambahan asam sitrat 0,6-10%. Peralatan dengan pengadukan dapat digunakan dalam proses peningkatan minyak cengkeh. Daya yang terpasang sekitar 1 PK dan kapasitas setiap batch 20-30 kg dengan waktu operasi 60 menit dan temperatur 50oC. Kemampuan UKM di Klaster Minyak Atsiri Kab Batang Jawa Tengah dapat ditingkatkan dengan kegiatan pelatihan dan Expo hasil penelitian. Pada Tahun pertama, UKM telah melakukan kegiatan analisis produk dan perbaikan minyak cengkeh sehingga memenuhi standar SNI 06 2387 2006. Kata Kunci: minyak cengkeh, eugenol, adsorpsi, tangki berpengaduk, persentase Fe terikat ABSTRACT Clove oil is a product of essential oils produced by clusters of Essential Oils in Batang. The problem faced today is that low levels of eugenol and it color doen’t meet with SII / EOA and SNI 06 2387 2006 standard. The purpose in this research for improving the quality of clove oil / eugenol with adsorption process. The results showed that: clove oil doesn’t meet of SNI 06 2387 2006 especially at colors and total eugenol. This is because the process was used equipment from iron. The eugenol and color improving to yellow bright of clove oil by adding citric acid from 0.6 to 10%. Stirring equipment can be used to the process for increasing the quality of clove oil. Installing power of about 1 PK with batch of 20-30 kg capacity with 60 minutes operating time at 50oC. The capability of UKM at clusters of Essential Oil at Batang, Central Java can be improved by training and researching Expo. In the first year, UKM had engaged in product analysis and improvement of clove oil that meets with SNI 2387 06 2006.   Keywords: clove oil, eugenol, adsorption, stirred tank, the percentage of Fe bonded

scholarly journals Green orchid bee Euglossa dilemma Friese (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Wood Rot Fungi ◽  
Green Coloration

Green orchid bees are a quite conspicuous and charismatic species. This is mostly due to their large size and bright metallic-green coloration. They are very fast and agile flyers, and can be seen quickly darting from flower to flower separated by long periods of hovering. Male orchid bees collect fragrant volatile compounds from their environment and present them to females by fanning their wings and “spray ventilating” their bouquet for the inspection of prospective mates. In Florida, male green orchid bees are attracted to chemicals produced by certain wood-rot fungi, decomposing vegetation, perfume flowers, and certain essential oils such as clove and cinnamon oil. Male green orchid bees can be quickly and easily attracted and observed by soaking a small piece of paper with clove oil and placing it outside. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Aaron Mullins, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1013

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