Effects of steam-treatment on the chemical component and thermal resistance of bagasse particle for natural-bonded composites product

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of steam-treated bagasse particle by using autoclave. Fine size particle was obtained from the milling process of steam-treated bagasse. Before testing, the particle was pre-treated for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The determination of extractives, lignin, α-cellulose, holocellulose and ash-content were conducted in accordance with the standard outline in the Technical Association Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) test methods. Overall results show that the chemical properties have been diminished over time. The chemical properties with the highest percentage of extractive, lignin, ash and holocellulose contents (which was 3.9%, 39.15%, 1.45% and 73% respectively, was extracted at 121°C for 5 minutes). The lowest percentage of extractive, lignin, ash and holocellulose contents (which was 0.8%, 25.30%, 0.88% and 51% respectively, was extracted at 121°C for 15 minutes). It is concluded that longer steam treatment time (beyond 15 minutes) may degrade the chemical properties of bagasse. In addition, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was also carried out to investigate the thermal resistance of bagasse particle. Based on the results, the 10 minutes steamed samples have the highest peak degradation temperature, which was 286.8 °C, while the 15 minutes steamed samples have the lowest peak degradation, which was 246.4 °C. This shows that longer steaming period (more than 10 minutes) will decrease the thermal resistance of the bagasse particle.

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Synthesis and Characterization of the Bismaleimides Containing Aliphatic-ether Chain for Microelectronics Application

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2006.6.1.580 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J. L. Feng ◽

C. Y. Yue ◽

K. S. Chian

Keyword(s):

Chain Length ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

Degradation Temperature ◽

Dielectric Thermal Analysis ◽

Aliphatic Ether ◽

Synthetic Reaction

AbstractThis project aims to develop and characterize a series of bismaleimide (BMI) polymers based on maleic anhydride and aliphatic-ether diamines. The effects of varying the chain length of aliphatic-ether diamines on the resultant bismaleimide systems were evaluated so that their suitability for microelectronics applications could be evaluated. The synthetic reaction and properties of the bismaleimide materials were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo- Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dielectric Thermal Analysis (DEA) and rheometry. Results showed that thermal, dielectric and rheological properties were all affected by the main chain length of BMI. The magnitude of the dielectric constant at 100 kHz increases with the increasing chain length. The curing peak temperature, curing heat and degradation temperature of BMI, all decrease with the increasing chain length.

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Hypericum perforatum Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of Ultra-Small Fe2O3 Nanostructures

10.20944/preprints201811.0370.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Sidorowicz ◽

Qaisar Maqbool ◽

Piotr Kachlicki ◽

Gregory Franklin

Keyword(s):

Smart Materials ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Before And After

We report on the synthesis of highly homogenous, oval shaped and ultra-small organometallic Fe2O3-nanostructures (OM-Fe2O3-NS) using H. perforatum leaf extract. Analysis of extracts before and after the synthesis of OM-Fe2O3-NS by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS) has revealed the active participation of quinic acid, neo-chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, quercetin 3'-malonylglucoside, and hyperforin in the formation of metal organic framework (MOF). OM-Fe2O3-NS were thoroughly investigated for their physico-chemical properties using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), NanoDrop Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV) and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results show that H. perforatum secondary metabolites have got a great potential in engineering the next-generation ultra-smart materials.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Cassava Cropping Area: A Case Study in Chonburi Province

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.440 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 979 ◽

pp. 440-443

Author(s):

W. Siriprom ◽

K. Teanchai ◽

S. Kongsriprapan ◽

J. Kaewkhao ◽

N. Sangwaranatee

Keyword(s):

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil which collected from the cassava cropping area in Chonburi Province have been investigated. The characterization of both soil sample were used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) while FTIR used to confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonding and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) used for investigated the crystalline. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated quartz phase. The chemical composition by XRF reported that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and organics material.

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Preparation and characterisation of food grade chitosan from housefly larvae

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/100/2010-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 616-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.-J. Zhang ◽

Q.-L. Qin ◽

H. Zhang ◽

H.-T. Wang ◽

X. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Food Grade ◽

Preparation Conditions ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Physical And Chemical

The preparation and characterisation of food-grade chitosan from housefly larvae are reported. A refinement procedure was developed to remove larval mouth hooks from the primary chitosan product, which greatly improved the quality of the final product and simplified the production procedures. Different factors affecting chitosan preparation were studied and an orthogonal experiment was designed to determine optimal preparation conditions. When prepared under optimal reaction conditions, the end product was snow-white in colour, had a high deacetylation percentage, good viscosity, and a low ash content. The end product was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Its physical and chemical properties and sanitary index were determined and compared to the relevant Chinese standards. The results show that the chitosan we produced under optimal conditions meets the Chinese Fishery Trade Standard SC/T3403-2004 for food-grade chitosan.

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Fabrication of modified-release custom-designed ciprofloxacin tablets via fused deposition modeling 3D printing

Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine ◽

10.2217/3dp-2019-0024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

Nasir Abbas ◽

Nadia Qamar ◽

Amjad Hussain ◽

Sumera Latif ◽

Muhammad Sohail Arshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Drug Release ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Degradation Temperature

Aim: The aim of the present work was to fabricate customized tablets of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride through 3D printing for optimized dosing. Materials & methods: A hot melt extrusion technique was employed to produce polyvinyl alcohol filaments with differing strengths of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Drug-loaded filaments were characterized for mechanical strength, thermal behavior and structural characteristics prior to printing of tablets by varying the infill percentage. Final formulations were evaluated for drug release profiles. Results: The prepared formulations contained 15–20% drug. The drug release patterns of different formulations were found to be reliant on infill percentage. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis confirmed that degradation temperature of drug is way above the printing temperature. Conclusion: This work is potentially significant for optimized antibiotic dosing, which in turn leads to enhanced clinical outcome.

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Conversion of Waste Marble Powder into a Binding Material

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2020-03091481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 431-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Adeel Khan ◽

Bazid Khan ◽

Khan Shahzada ◽

Sajjad Wali Khan ◽

Nauman Wahab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Binding Material ◽

Marble Powder

In the marble industry, a lot of marble is wasted in the form of odd blocks of various sizes and slurry consisting of water and micro-fine particles. The slurry on drying converts into powder. Both slurry and powder have adverse effects on the environment. This research is focused on the gainful utilization of waste marble powder (WMP) by converting it into a valuable binding material. For this purpose, WMP and clay were collected, and their physical and chemical properties were determined. A mix of WMP and clay was prepared and burnt at a temperature around 1300 oC. The burnt mix was ground to powder form to get marble cement (MC). The MC was then used in mortar. The compressive and flexural strengths of mortar cubes and prisms were determined. Apart from this, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis were also carried out. The chemical composition showed that the MC has 52.5% di-calcium silicate (C2S) and 3.5% tri-calcium silicate (C3S).The compressive strength of MC mortar after 28 days curing is 6.03 MPa, which is higher than M1 mortar of building code of Pakistan (5 MPa). The compressive strength of MC mortar after one year is 20.67 MPa, which is only 17% less than OPC mortar.

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Variation in the Inter-Node Length During Plant Growth Influences the Tensile Strength of Maize Stem Fibres.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-341518/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hareenanden Ramasawmy ◽

Jaykumar Chummun ◽

Piyushaa Devi Emrith

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Growth Stresses ◽

Sem Image ◽

Maize Varieties

Abstract This study describes an investigation of the evolution of the mechanical and chemical properties of maize stem fibres with the growth stages of the plant, and how the tensile strength is influenced by the presence of nodes along the fibre length. Furthermore the variation of the tensile strength and chemical functional groups among four common maize varieties were determined. In this context, the fibres were characterised by performing tensile test, density & linear density tests, Fourier Transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface morphology (SEM image analysis). The fibres were all extracted manually, and in some cases preceded by a water retting process for ten days. The thermal analysis, FTIR and x-ray results showed that in general the fibres from the different maize varieties and from the different growth stages are semi-crystalline in nature. The SEM micrographs revealed the presence of equi-spaced nodes along the fibre length, which are believed to be due to the growth stresses induced in the plant stem. The inter-node distance varied in relation to the growth stage of the plant, and yielded a good correlation (coefficient of 0.91) with the tensile strength of the fibres. Finally a better fibre yield was obtained from the stem at the senescence stage of the maize plant.

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Effect of Physical and Chemical Surface Treatment on the Thermal Stability of Hemp Fibers as Reinforcement in Composite Structures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.616 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71-78 ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Na Lu ◽

Shubhashini Oza

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Hemp Fiber ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Hemp fiber is an excellent sustainable and renewable alternative to glass fiber as a reinforcing component in composite system, owing to its unique features of fast growth, high mechanical strength, low density, low cost, biodegradable, and low energy consumption. In this study a systematic investigation of physical and chemical treatment on hemp fiber was conducted, and their effects on thermal stability of hemp fiber were analyzed. Oxygen plasma treatment was used as physical modification approach, 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution was used for chemical modification. Surface chemical composition and thermal stability were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The results indicated that 5 wt% of NaOH with 16 hours treatment time increased hemp fiber thermal stability, while the plasma treatment had no impact on thermal stability of hemp fiber.

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A TGA/FT-IR study for measuring OC and EC in aerosol samples

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-6-255-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 255-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

P. Fermo ◽

A. Piazzalunga ◽

R. Vecchi ◽

G. Valli ◽

M. Ceriani

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Elemental Carbon ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Analytical Methodology ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Set Up ◽

Ir Study

Abstract. Carbon analysis consists in the evaluation of the carbonaceous content of the aerosol (TC) but, more importantly, of its distribution between the two components EC (Elemental Carbon) and OC (Organic Carbon) that are characterized by different physical-chemical properties. In spite of the numerous studies focused on this topic, nowadays a universal methodology for the determination of the two components EC and OC is not available. In fact OC and EC (also known as black carbon or soot) are operationally defined by the method of analysis and, as a consequence, different methods can produce different results. In this paper we present results on the application of TGA/FT-IR (Thermo-gravimetric Analysis/Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy) to the characterization of carbonaceous aerosols. The analytical methodology was applied to PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm) four-hour time resolution samples collected in Milan urban area. The method is a two-steps thermal one and it is based on the different thermal behaviour of OC and EC. It has been set up analyzing suitable standards containing both organic and elemental carbon. Carbon quantification is achieved by on-line, continuous monitoring of CO2 infrared absorption at 2361 cm−1. A good separation between OC and EC on particulate matter (PM) samples has been obtained. Ranges and average values were 12–70 μg/m3 and 20 μg/m3 for OC and 0.2–6 μg/m3 and 2 μg/m3 for EC. On average OC and EC made up 29 (±13)% and 2.5 (±1.8)% of the PM10 fraction, respectively. The method reliability has been verified by a preliminary comparison with TOT (Thermal Optical Transmission) technique. OC and EC values determined for ambient samples of PM10 were correlated with meteorological parameters as well as with Radon concentrations.

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The Investigation of Organic Binder Effect on Morphological Structure of Ceramic Membrane Support

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12050770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 770 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohamed Boussemghoune ◽

Mustapha Chikhi ◽

Yasin Ozay ◽

Pelin Guler ◽

Bahar Ozbey Unal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Clay Material ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

In this study, we investigated the effect of different organic binders on the morphologic structure of ceramic membrane support. Natural raw clay material (kaolin) was used as the main mineral for ceramic membrane support. The physical and chemical properties of kaolin powder and the supports were identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size and zeta potential distribution. Based on the XRF test, the main composition of kaolin powder was SiO2 (47.41%) and Al2O3 (38.91%), while the rest were impurities. The FTIR spectra showed the functional groups of Si-O and Al-O. The XRD diffractogram of natural raw clay powder identified kaolinite and nacrite were the main mineral phase whereas muscovite and quartz were detected in small quantities in the sample. After prepared the ceramic membrane supports, XRD diffractogram showed that anorthite and gehlenite were detected as the main mineral phases for ethylene glycol (EG), gelatin, methocel and for polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively. According to BET analyses, the maximum and the minimum pore width were obtained for PEG and gelatin organic binders.

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