scholarly journals Aquifer Susceptibility to Groundwater Pumping in Kediri City, East Java Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
T Widodo ◽  
W Wilopo ◽  
A Setianto
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Storage Characteristics

Abstract The development of Kediri City in various sectors, such as industry, agriculture, and population growth, also increases water. The utilization of groundwater is still a major mainstay in this area. The utilization of groundwater includes the construction of production wells for irrigation and raw water. The aquifer susceptibility should be considered during groundwater exploitation to minimize a negative impact on the environment. This research aims to analyze the susceptibility of the aquifer to pumping in Kediri City, which is helpful for planning and making decisions in the management of groundwater resources. The determination of aquifer susceptibility is based on aquifer response characteristics, aquifer storage characteristics, allowable subsidence of groundwater level, and depth to the groundwater table. Based on those parameters, it can be concluded that the aquifer susceptibility on groundwater utilization in Kediri City is at moderate and high levels. Areas with moderate aquifer susceptibility are located on the west side of Kediri City, and high aquifer susceptibility is in the middle to the eastern side of Kediri City.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on groundwater resource in a region with a fast depletion rate: the Mississippi Embayment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ouyang ◽  
Yongshan Wan ◽  
Wei Jin ◽  
Theodor D. Leininger ◽  
Gary Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Mississippi Embayment ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
The World ◽  
Depletion Rate

Abstract Mississippi Embayment (ME) is one of the fastest groundwater depletion regions around the world, while the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources in the region are complex and basically unknown. Using the U.S. Geological Survey's Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) model, such a challenge was addressed through the base, wet, and dry simulation scenarios. Over the 137-year simulation period from 1870 to 2007, the cumulative aquifer storage depletions were 1.70 × 1011, 1.73 × 1011, and 1.67 × 1011 m3, respectively, for the base, dry, and wet scenarios. As compared with that of the base scenario, the aquifer storage depletions were only 1.76% more for the dry scenario and 1.8% less for the wet scenario. A multiple regression analysis showed that the aquifer storage depletion rate was controlled more by the groundwater pumping and stream leakage rates and less by the groundwater net recharge rate. Groundwater table variation in the forest land was much smaller than in the crop land. Results suggested that groundwater pumping rather than climate change was a key driving force of groundwater depletion in the ME. Our findings provide a useful reference to water resource managers, foresters, and farmers in the ME and around the world when developing their groundwater supply strategies.

Interpreting Open- and Closed-Loop Transfer Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Parameters: Lessons Learned from a Computer Model of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Regulation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
P. Hammer ◽  
D. Litvack ◽  
J. P. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract:A computer model of cardiovascular control has been developed based on the response characteristics of cardiovascular control components derived from experiments in animals and humans. Results from the model were compared to those obtained experimentally in humans, and the similarities and differences were used to identify both the strengths and inadequacies of the concepts used to form the model. Findings were confirmatory of some concepts but contrary to some which are firmly held in the literature, indicating that understanding the complexity of cardiovascular control probably requires a combination of experiments and computer models which integrate multiple systems and allow for determination of sufficiency and necessity.

DEFINITION OF TIME SPENT ON REPAIR OF BUS TRANSMISSION UNITS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Sergey Bulatov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Transmission Unit ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Decrease

The paper purpose is the effectiveness estimation in the technological equipment use, taking into account its reliability and productivity for defective transmission units of buses. The problem consists in the determination of time to be spent on repair of bus transmission units taking into account technological equipment reliability. In the paper there is used a probabilistic method for the prediction bus transmission units, and also a method of the dynamics of averages which allow ensuring minimum of costs for units downtime during repair and equipment cost. The need for repair of transmission units (gear box) arises on an average after 650 hours, the average productivity of the bench makes 4.2 bus / hour. The bench fails on the average after 4600 hours of work, the average time of the bench makes 2 hours. In such a way the solution of the problem specified allows analyzing the necessity of time decrease for transmission unit repair to avoid long downtimes of buses in repair areas without negative impact upon high repair quality and safety during the further operation.

scholarly journals Depletion of groundwater resources under rapid urbanisation in Africa: recent and future trends in the Nairobi Aquifer System, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2635-2656
Author(s):  
Samson Oiro ◽  
Jean-Christophe Comte ◽  
Chris Soulsby ◽  
Alan MacDonald ◽  
Canute Mwakamba
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Groundwater Assessment

AbstractThe Nairobi volcano-sedimentary regional aquifer system (NAS) of Kenya hosts >6 M people, including 4.7 M people in the city of Nairobi. This work combines analysis of multi-decadal in-situ water-level data with numerical groundwater modelling to provide an assessment of the past and likely future evolution of Nairobi’s groundwater resources. Since the mid-1970s, groundwater abstraction has increased 10-fold at a rate similar to urban population growth, groundwater levels have declined at a median rate of 6 m/decade underneath Nairobi since 1950, whilst built-up areas have increased by 70% since 2000. Despite the absence of significant trends in climatic data since the 1970s, more recently, drought conditions have resulted in increased applications for borehole licences. Based on a new conceptual understanding of the NAS (including insights from geophysics and stable isotopes), numerical simulations provide further quantitative estimates of the accelerating negative impact of abstraction and capture the historical groundwater levels quite well. Analysis suggests a groundwater-level decline of 4 m on average over the entire aquifer area and up to 46 m below Nairobi, net groundwater storage loss of 1.5 billion m3 and 9% river baseflow reduction since 1950. Given current practices and trajectories, these figures are predicted to increase six-fold by 2120. Modelled future management scenarios suggest that future groundwater abstraction required to meet Nairobi projected water demand is unsustainable and that the regional anthropogenically-driven depletion trend can be partially mitigated through conjunctive water use. The presented approach can inform groundwater assessment for other major African cities undergoing similar rapid groundwater development.

scholarly journals Potentiometric Response of Solid-State Sensors Based on Ferric Phosphate for Iron(III) Determination

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Andrea Paut ◽  
Ante Prkić ◽  
Ivana Mitar ◽  
Perica Bošković ◽  
Dražan Jozić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Sulfide ◽  
Potential Change ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Body Design ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
First Time

A novel ion-selective electrode with membranes based on iron(III) phosphate and silver sulfide integrated into a completely new electrode body design has been developed for the determination of iron(III) cations. The best response characteristics with linear potential change were found in the iron(III) concentration range from 3.97× 10−5 to 10−2 mol L−1. The detection limit was found to be 2.41× 10−5 mol L−1 with a slope of –20.53 ± 0.63 and regression coefficient of 0.9925, while the quantification limit was 3.97× 10−5 M. The potential change per concentration decade ranged from –13.59 ± 0.54 to –20.53 ± 1.56 for Electrode Body 1 (EB1) and from –17.28 ± 1.04 to –24 ± 1.87 for Electrode Body 2 (EB2), which is presented for the first time in this work. The prepared electrode has a long lifetime and the ability to detect changes in the concentration of iron cations within 20 s. Membrane M1 showed high recoveries in the determination of iron cations in iron(III) standard solutions (98.2–101.2%) as well as in two different pharmaceuticals (98.6–106.5%). This proves that this type of sensor is applicable in the determination of ferric cations in unknown samples, and the fact that all sensor parts are completely manufactured in our laboratory proves the simplicity of the method.

scholarly journals Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor Based on 1,3-Dihexadecyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium for Anionic Surfactants in Detergents and Household Care Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3627
Author(s):  
Nikola Sakač ◽  
Dubravka Madunić-Čačić ◽  
Dean Marković ◽  
Lucija Hok ◽  
Robert Vianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Potentiometric Response ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Signal Change ◽  
Nernstian Slope ◽  
Good Agreement

A 1,3-dihexadecyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium-tetraphenylborate (DHBI-TPB) ion-pair implemented in DHBI-TPB surfactant sensor was used for the potentiometric quantification of anionic surfactants in detergents and commercial household care products. The DHBI-TPB ion-pair was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and computational analysis which revealed a crucial contribution of the C–H∙∙∙π contacts for the optimal complex formation. The DHBI-TPB sensor potentiometric response showed excellent analytical properties and Nernstian slope for SDS (60.1 mV/decade) with LOD 3.2 × 10−7 M; and DBS (58.4 mV/decade) with LOD 6.1 × 10−7 M was obtained. The sensor possesses exceptional resistance to different organic and inorganic interferences in broad pH (2–10) range. DMIC used as a titrant demonstrated superior analytical performances for potentiometric titrations of SDS, compared to other tested cationic surfactants (DMIC > CTAB > CPC > Hyamine 1622). The combination of DHBI-TPB sensor and DMIC was successfully employed to perform titrations of the highly soluble alkane sulfonate homologues. Nonionic surfactants (increased concentration and number of EO groups) had a negative impact on anionic surfactant titration curves and a signal change. The DHBI-TPB sensor was effectively employed for the determination of technical grade anionic surfactants presenting the recoveries from 99.5 to 101.3%. The sensor was applied on twelve powered samples as well as liquid-gel and handwashing home care detergents containing anionic surfactants. The obtained results showed good agreement compared to the outcomes measured by ISE surfactant sensor and a two-phase titration method. The developed DHBI-TPB surfactant sensor could be used for quality control in industry and has great potential in environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals Distributed Scatterer InSAR Reveals Surface Motion of the Ancient Chaoshan Residence Cluster in the Lianjiang Plain, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhou Liu ◽  
Peifeng Ma ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Weixi Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Deformation Rate ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Surface Motion ◽  
Elastic Rebound ◽  
Surface Patterns ◽  
Change Dynamic

The Lianjiang Plain in China and ancient villages distributed within the plain are under the potential threat of surface motion change, but no effective monitoring strategy currently exists. Distributed Scatterer InSAR (DSInSAR) provides a new high-resolution method for the precise detection of surface motion change. In contrast to the first-generation of time-series InSAR methodology, the distributed scatterer-based method focuses both on pointwise targets with high phase stability and distributed targets with moderate coherence, the latter of which is more suitable for the comprehensive environment of the Lianjiang Plain. In this paper, we present the first study of surface motion change detection in the Lianjiang Plain, China. Two data stacks, including 54 and 29 images from Sentinel-1A adjacent orbits, are used to retrieve time-series surface motion changes for the Lianjiang Plain from 2015 to 2018. The consistency of measurement has been cross-validated between adjacent orbit results with a statistically significant determination coefficient of 0.92. The temporal evolution of representative measuring points indicates three subzones with varied surface patterns: Eastern Puning (Zone A) in a slight elastic rebound phase with a moderate deformation rate (0–40 mm/yr), Chaonan (Zone B) in a substantial subsidence phase with a strong deformation rate (−140–0 mm/yr), and Chaoyang (Zone C) in a homogeneous and stable situation (−10–10 mm/yr). The spatial distribution of these zones suggests a combined change dynamic and a strong concordance of factors impacting surface motion change. Human activities, especially groundwater exploitation, dominate the subsidence pattern, and natural conditions act as a supplementary inducement by providing a hazard-prone environment. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of spatial and temporal details in this study provides a basis for systematic surface motion monitoring, cultural heritage protection and groundwater resources management.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Solid Phase Materials for the Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from River Water Followed by 2D GC × GC-TOFMS Determination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Bosire ◽  
J. C. Ngila ◽  
H. Parshotam
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Relationship Of

The extraction and determination of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids as well as their influence on the aromaticity and molecularity relationship of natural organic matter (NOM) in water are reported in this study. Three solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were used and their extraction efficiencies evaluated after chromatographic determinations (using gas chromatography with a time of flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCD)). More than 42 carboxylic acids were identified in raw water from the Vaal River, which feeds the Lethabo Power Generation Station, South Africa, with cooling water. The aromatic carboxylic acid efficiency (28%) was achieved by using Strata™X SPE while the highest aliphatic carboxylic acid efficiency (92.08%) was achieved by silica SPE. The hydrophobic nature of NOM in water depends on the nature of organic compounds in water, whether aromatic or aliphatic. The LC-OCD was used to assess the hydrophobicity levels of NOM as a function of these carboxylic acids in cooling water. The LC-OCD results showed that the aromatic nature of NOM in SPE filtered water followed the order Silica>Strata X>C-18. From the results, the hydrophobicity degree of the samples depended on the type and number of carboxylic acids that were removed by the SPE cartridges.

Sentinel-1 InSAR survey to constrain subsidence-induced surface faulting and quantify its induced risk in major cities of central Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Cigna ◽  
Deodato Tapete
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Persistent Scatterers

<p>Several major cities in central Mexico suffer from aquifer depletion and land subsidence driven by overexploitation of groundwater resources to address increasing water demands for domestic, industrial and agricultural use. Ground settlement often combines with surface faulting, fracturing and cracking, causing damage to urban infrastructure, including private properties and public buildings, as well as transport infrastructure and utility networks. These impacts are very common and induce significant economic loss, thus representing a key topic of concern for inhabitants, authorities and stakeholders. This work provides an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) 2014-2020 survey based on parallel processing of Sentinel-1 IW big data stacks within ESA’s Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP), using hosted on-demand services based on multi-temporal InSAR methods including Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) and Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI). Surface faulting hazard is constrained based on differential settlement observations and the estimation of angular distortions that are produced on urban structures. The assessment of the E-W deformation field and computation of horizontal strain also allows the identification of hogging (tensile strain or extension) and sagging (compression) zones, where building cracks are more likely to develop at the highest and lowest elevations, respectively. Sentinel-1 observations agree with in-situ observations, static GPS surveying and continuous GNSS monitoring data. The distribution of field surveyed faults and fissures compared with maps of angular distortions and strain also enables the identification of areas with potentially yet-unmapped and incipient ground discontinuities. A methodology to embed such information into the process of surface faulting risk assessment for urban infrastructure is proposed and demonstrated for the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City [1], one of the fastest sinking cities globally (up to 40 cm/year subsidence rates), and the state of Aguascalientes [2], where a structurally-controlled fast subsidence process (over 10 cm/year rates) affects the namesake valley and capital city. The value of this research lies in the demonstration that InSAR data and their derived parameters are not only essential to constrain the deformation processes, but can also serve as a direct input into risk assessment to quantify (at least, as a lower bound) the percentage of properties and population at risk, and monitor how this percentage may change as land subsidence evolves.</p><p>[1] Cigna F., Tapete D. 2021. Present-day land subsidence rates, surface faulting hazard and risk in Mexico City with 2014–2020 Sentinel-1 IW InSAR. <em>Remote Sens. Environ.</em> 253, 1-19, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112161</p><p>[2] Cigna F., Tapete D. 2021. Satellite InSAR survey of structurally-controlled land subsidence due to groundwater exploitation in the Aguascalientes Valley, Mexico. <em>Remote Sens. Environ.</em> 254, 1-23, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112254</p>

THE CONCEPT, TYPES, TASKS AND THE NEED FOR THE USE OF URGENT INVESTMENT TOOLS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yurynets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, many Ukrainian enterprises are in crisis. Getting out of this situation requires the use of various types of urgent crisis management tools, among which investment instruments play an important role. The purpose of this article is to form the theoretical basis for the use of urgent investment tools of crisis management at enterprises. It was found that the urgent investment tools of crisis management in the enterprise should be understood as ways of immediate (urgent) investment actions which are aimed at eliminating or reducing the negative impact of the crisis on the economic condition of the enterprise and ensuring its further effective development. These instruments are grouped according to the following characteristics: the environment in which the relevant instruments are formed and operate, the relation to the current owners of the enterprise, the effectiveness of implementation, the duration of the effect of implementing instruments, the urgency of their implementation, the areas of investment, the objectives of application, the duration of application, the types of financial and economic crises at the enterprise, the elimination (reduction) of the negative influence of which the corresponding tools are directed at, the subject of investment. It is established that the main tasks of using investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management at the enterprises are: selection of the best types of investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management; selection of the best variant of each type of urgent investment tools of crisis management; setting deadlines for the implementation of selected types and options for urgent tools of crisis management at the enterprise; determination of the optimal amount of total investments that should be invested in the implementation of the crisis management program at the enterprise, and the corresponding to this volume of the general list of investment urgent tools of such management; identifying the best sources of investment and establishing the best structure of investment in terms of these sources.

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