scholarly journals Analysis of Tsunami Wave Height, Run-up, and Inundation in The Coastal of Blitar and Malang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 936 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Haryo Dwito Armono ◽  
Adryanto Rama Putra ◽  
Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Earthquake Potential ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Maximum Tsunami Height

Abstract Indonesia is an archipelago located at the meeting point of 3 tectonic plates which constantly collide over time, the energy due to the collision will accumulate and be able to cause large earthquakes that can generate tsunamis. The island of Java is in the subduction zone of these plates, which causes the southern part of Java to have a high earthquake potential. On April 10, 2021, an earthquake measuring M 6.1 occurred in the south of Blitar and Malang. This earthquake was felt by most of the people of East Java, If the earthquake is large enough, it can cause a tsunami on the southern coast of East Java. Therefore, modeling was carried out using the FLOW module of Delft3D software while using earthquake parameters with a strength of M 9.1 which is the worst possible scenario on the southern coast of East Java. The results of this study indicate the fastest tsunami arrival time is 21 minutes, the highest maximum tsunami height is 20 meters, the highest run-up reaches 17,5 meters, and the furthest inundation reaches 765 meters along the southern coast of Blitar and Malang Regency.

scholarly journals Study on Analytical Modelling of Tsunami Wave Propagation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Regina M ◽  
Syed Mohamed E
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tsunami Amplitude

Modelling of tsunami wave propagation plays a vital role in forecasting of disastrous tsunami. The earlier identification and prediction of tsunami provides more time for taking preventive measures and evacuation. On December 26, 2004, massive destruction of lives and properties due to tsunami increases the needs to develop a fast and accurate modelling of tsunami wave propagation. The modelling of waves provide the amplitude of tsunami, speed, arrival time and power of the wall of water and also run up distance and height. It also used to predict vulnerable buildings to tsunami. In this paper describes the modelling of tsunami wave propagation from generation to run-up. Numerical and analytical methods used for modelling and simulation. Tsunami is serious of wave (wave train) which has a long wavelength >500 km and celerity of wave more than 800 km/hr in deep ocean and in shallow coast, their wavelength and celerity diminishes but the amplitude of wave increases above 30m. The scope of this study is to determine the areas which are going to hit by tsunami, amplitude of wave and their arrival time for early forecasting and alert the people within a short time after an earthquake happened.

scholarly journals Estimation of Run Up and Arrival Time of Tsunami in Bali Region Based on TOAST Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Diah Satria Purnama ◽  
I.B. Alit Paramarta ◽  
Muh. Soekarno Saputra Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Earthquake Potential

Bali Island is an area that is flanked by two zones of earthquake potential to cause a tsunami. In this study produced the estimated tsunami heights (run up) and the tsunami arrival times (ETA) by simulating a tsunami with some magnitude variety of the earthquake using software called TOAST. The estimation is obtained by making a scenario of earthquake from parameters of earthquakes that have occurred and raised tsunami on the Bali Island as a reference. The observation area is in some coastal areas of Bali Island. The maximum value of run up is between 21.16 m to 55.6 m with tsunami arrival time is between 120 minutes to less than 15 minutes after an earthquake with 9.6 SR of magnitude. The area around Kuta Beach Badung is an area with high potential for run up.

Sinn Féin and the life and death of the republican newspaper

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Sinn Fein ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Authentic Voice

Sinn Féin’s far reaching commitment to activist materials since the late 1960s included a devotion to the newspapers An Phoblacht/ Republican News. It was almost quixotically committed to producing AP/ RN and the paper became a far-reaching organ of political identity. During the Hunger Strikes of 1980/ 81 it was the authentic voice of those on the protests. Later, during the reforms of Peace Process era it articulated the changes in policy. However, Sinn Féin activists were keen to develop a mainstream vehicle for the newly dominant and optimistic strand of republicanism, one that might compete against the media outlets that had been overtly critical and hostile towards the party dating back to the beginning of the Troubles. The Belfast Media Group whose primary paper, the Andersonstown News, became associated with articulating Sinn Féin’s position throughout the 1990s and 2000s launched the republican daily newspaper Daily Ireland in 2005 in competition with the Irish News, the paper that has traditionally captured sales among the nationalist population of Northern Ireland. It was an experiment in assessing how far the shifts in the cultural and political tectonic plates of nationalism played into the media consumption habits of the people.

The 1258 Earthquake in Onteniente (Southeast Spain) Not Reported until 2002 in Any Catalog

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 2390-2394
Author(s):  
Elisa Buforn ◽  
Agustín Udías
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
James I ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Tax Exemptions ◽  
The People ◽  
King James I ◽  
The Town ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Southeast Spain

Abstract Historical seismicity is particularly important for the southeast region of the Iberian Peninsula, where large earthquakes are separated by long periods of time. The study of medieval earthquakes presents special difficulties. In this study, we review the earthquake of 1258 in the town of Onteniente, an event that was not present in regional catalogs of the Iberian Peninsula until 2002. Information about the earthquake is based on a contemporary letter by King James I of Aragon, who granted tax exemptions to the people of the town of Onteniente because of the damage.

Sri Lanka: the choice of two terrors

Race & Class ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Campaign For Social Democracy
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
General Strike

While a stalemate in the predominantly Tamil North and East of Sri Lanka continues despite Indian intervention on the government's behalf, in the Sinhala South death squads associated with the pseudo People's Liberation Front, the JVP, have been ruthlessly eliminating its opponents. The United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), having created and nurtured popular racism for over thirty years in order to get into power (through a ready-made Sinhalese majority of 70 per cent of the population), * would now like to draw back from the brink of another crippling civil war, this time in the South. But they are unable to do so because the JVP has taken up the Sinhala cause and pushed it to the point of social fascism through assassination and murder. Popular racism based on Sinhala-Buddhist nationalism promoted in the schools and expressed in song, textbook and media served to fuel the anti-Tamil pogroms of 1958, 1977, 1981 and 1983, in which thousands were killed at the hands of street mobs. Some of the most violently anti- Tamil propaganda (deriving inspiration from mythical Sinhalese history) has emanated from the present government. Colonisation of Tamil areas by Sinhalese was justified on the pretext of protecting ancient Buddhist shrines. And it is an open secret that ministers hired their own hit squads in the 1983 pogrom. When, in a bid to end the unwinnable war with the Tamils, the UNP signed the Indo-Lanka Accord in 1987, allowing Indian troops to operate on Sri Lankan soil, it alienated the very Sinhala nationalists it had itself fostered. And it was the JVP which capitalised on the resentment over India's interference in Sri Lanka's internal affairs. Accusing the UNP government (and other supporters of the Accord) of treachery, it enlarged and deepened popular racism into fanatical patriotism. But what has given the JVP terror tactics a hold over the population has been the steady erosion of democratic freedoms, on the one hand, and the self-abasement of the Left, on the other. Both the SLFP and UNP governments have postponed elections to stay in power, but the UNP went further and got itself re-elected en bloc on a phoney referendum to postpone elections. Local elections were never held under the SLFP and whatever elections took place under the UNP have either been rigged and/or carried out under conditions of massive intimidation. In the process, the political literacy that the country once boasted has been lost to the people and, with it, their will to resist. At the same time the collaborationist politics of the Left in the SLFP government of 1970-77 have not only served to decimate its own chances at the polls (it obtained not a single seat in the election of 1977) but also to leave the working-class movement defenceless. So that it was a simple matter for the UNP government to crush the general strike of 1980, imprison its leaders and throw 80, 000 workers permanently out of work. And it has been left to the JVP to pretend to take up the socialist mantle of the Left even as it devotes itself to the racist cause of the Right, and so win the support of the Sinhala-Buddhist people. In the final analysis the choice before the country is that of two terrors: that of the state or that of the JVP. Below we publish an analysis of the situation as at October 1988, put out by the underground Campaign for Social Democracy in the run up to the presidential elections.

Voting, violence and violations: peasant voices on the flawed elections in Hadiya, Southern Ethiopia

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil Tronvoll
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Political Campaigning ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Run Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hadiya Zone

This article presents peasant grievances on the flawed 2000 elections in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. For the first time in Ethiopia's electoral history, an opposition party managed to win the majority of the votes in one administrative zone. In the run-up to the elections, government cadres and officials intimidated and harassed candidates and members from the opposition Hadiya National Democratic Organisation (HNDO). Several candidates and members were arrested and political campaigning was restricted. On election day, widespread attempts at rigging the election took place, and violence was exerted in several places by government cadres and the police. Despite the government's attempt to curtail and control the elections in Hadiya, the opposition party mobilised the people in a popular protest to challenge the government party's political hegemony – and won. If this is an indication of a permanent shift of power relations in Hadiya, it is however, too early to say.

scholarly journals “We, the defenders of nations and liberties”. How the EU populist radical right discursively constructs identities: the case of the Rassemblement National

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-156
Author(s):  
Ivan Fomin ◽  
◽  
Alexander Alexeev
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Populist Radical Right ◽  
The People ◽  
Marine Le Pen ◽  
French People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

The article explores how the EU populist radical right in opposition to its national governments uses the concept of rights and freedoms when constructing identities. The research is based on a discourse analysis of speeches given by the leader of the French Rassemblement National Marine Le Pen in the run-up to the 2019 European parliamentary elections. The analysis of discursive strategies employed in these texts allows to empirically demonstrate and elaborate some of the existing theories on key ideological and discursive features of the populist radical right and its positions on rights and freedoms. It also shows, however, that these models need to be reviewed or altered in a number of aspects. The research corresponds to the existing models as it shows the opposition the Self vs. the Other to be one of the central elements in the populist radical right discourse. For instance, when speaking about rights and freedoms, Marine Le Pen constructs the identity of the French people and European peoples by opposing them to the negative Other along two axes: vertically – by constructing a populist opposition to the elites – and horizontally – by constructing a nativist opposition to alien identities. The people is predicated to possess various rights, the Rassemblement National is represented as the defender of these rights, while the elites and the aliens are depicted as a threat to these rights. Yet, these oppositions are not always clearly articulated with numerous ‘grey zones’ systematically constructed: the research demonstrates that the depiction of some actors in a positive or negative way depends on context. The European identity constructed by the populist radical right is also ambivalent: it is not completely rejected although the ongoing European integration project – the EU – is reproached for infringing rights and freedoms. In general, the analysis allows to conclude that the populist radical right in the EU should be regarded as an active contester in the ongoing interpretive struggle over the concept of rights and freedoms rather than its enemy.

scholarly journals A participação popular na emancipação político-administrativa de Tamandaré/PE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-432
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Ferrão Santos
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Political ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
City Hall ◽  
The People ◽  
Organization Process ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
Legislative Assembly

RESUMO Este artigo tem o objetivo de narrar todo o processo de organização para se conquistar a emancipação do município de Tamandaré, para tanto, aborda sobre: - as razões que estimularam os habitantes dos distritos de Tamandaré e Saué (situados no litoral sul de Pernambuco), a lutarem pela independência em relação a Rio Formoso (município-mãe); - a campanha em prol da realização do plebiscito; - a promulgação da emancipação político-administrativa do município de Tamandaré. Para tanto, buscou-se informações junto ao TER-PE, Assembleia Legislativa-PE, Prefeitura do Rio Formoso, e em diversos eventos com a presença constante da autora desta obra. Os resultados apontam que a emancipação foi um fato histórico muito importante para a liberdade do povo que nele vive e dele depende para sobreviver.   Palavras-chaves: plebiscito, emancipação, Tamandaré, Saué.   THE POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN THE POLITICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE ENANCY OF TAMANDARÉ - PERNAMBUCO.   ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to narrate the whole organization process to gain the emancipation of the municipality of Tamandaré, for this purpose, it addresses: - the reasons that stimulated the inhabitants of the districts of Tamandaré and Saué (located on the southern coast of Pernambuco) to fight for independence in relation to Rio Formoso (mother-city); - the campaign for the holding of the plebiscite; - the promulgation of the political-administrative emancipation of the municipality of Tamandaré. For this purpose, information was sought from the TER-PE, Legislative Assembly-PE, Rio Formoso City Hall, and in several events with the constant presence of the author of this work. The results point out that emancipation was a very important historical fact for the freedom of the people who live in it and depends on it to survive. Key words: Plebiscite. Emancipation. Tamandaré. Saué.

scholarly journals THE EXISTENCE OF COASTAL FOREST, ITS IMPLICATION FOR TSUNAMI HAZARD PROTECTION, A CASE STUDY: IN CILACAP-CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudhicara Yudhicara
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Hazard Potential

The southern coast of Java which is facing to the Indian Ocean has many of natural hazard potential come from the sea. Since 2006 tsunami impacted the southern coast of Java, and caused severely damage especially along the coast of Cilacap (1-7,7 m run up height). People commit to do greening the beach by planting suitable plants such as a Casuarina equisetifolia, Terminalia catappa, and Cocos nucifera. This paper discusses the existence of coastal forests in Cilacap coastal area, their potential ability as a coastal protection from the tsunami wave which cover the density, diameter, height, age, and other parameters that affects the coastal defence against tsunami waves. Some experiences of tsunamis that have occurred, indicating that the above parameters linked to the ability of vegetation to act as a natural barrier against tsunamis. In the case of sandy beaches, such as in Cilacap, Pandanus odorarissimus has more effectiveness than other trees due to its hanging roots that can withstand the tsunami height less than 5 m, able to withstand debris and can withstand the scouring effects of tsunami waves, while Casuarina equisetifolia along Cilacap beaches more dominant than other trees, so it is recommended to increase the diversity of plants as well as increase the density and tree placement setting. By field measurement in order to get parameter applied to some graphs, Cilacap coastal forest does not enough capability for tsunami barrier reflected to the tsunami height experience in this region. Ages could be the important parameter in order to have bigger diameter trunk, higher trees height, and high resistance capacity againts tsunami hazard potential. Compare to Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Cilacap coastal forest still young and need some more years to make trees ready act as tsunami reduction. Keywords: Cilacap coastal forest, Kupang, tsunami, vegetation parameters. Pantai Selatan Jawa yang berhadapan dengan Samudera Hindia, memiliki banyak potensi mengalami bahaya yang datang dari lautan. Selama tahun 2006, Tsunami telah menimpa sebagian pantai selatan Jawa dan menyebabkan banyak kerusakan parah terutama di sepanjang Pantai Cilacap (tinggi gelombang 1-7,7 m). Masyarakat melakukan penghijauan pantai dengan menanam sejumlah pohon yang sesuai dengan kondisi pantai, seperti pohon cemara pantai (Casuarina equisetifolia), ketapang (Terminalia cattapa) dan kelapa (Cocos nucifera). Tulisan ini membahas penyebaran hutan pantai di wilayah pantai Cilacap, kemampuan dan potensi hutan tersebut sebagai pelindung alami pantai dari bahaya gelombang tsunami, yang terdiri dari kerapatannya, diameter, tingginya, umur, dan parameter lainnya yang mempengaruhi daya tahan pantai terhadap gelombang tsunami. Beberapa pengalaman mengenai kejadian yang telah terjadi, memperlihatkan bahwa parameter tersebut di atas mempengaruhi kemampuan tanaman sebagai penahan alamiah terhadap tsunami. Untuk kondisi pantai berpasir seperti Cilacap, tanaman pandan pantai lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan tanaman lainnya, dikarenakan akarnya yang dapat menahan tinggi gelombang kurang dari 5 m, selain itu akar tersebut dapat menahan material dan erosi vertikal gelombang tsunami, sementara di sepanjang pantai Cilacap, tanaman cemara pantai (Casuarina equisetifolia) lebih dominan dibandingkan tanaman lainnya. Kondisi ini dapat direkomendasikan untuk tetap dipertahankan bahkan ditambah jumlahnya. Di lapangan dilakukan pengukuran parameter tanaman pantai dan hasilnya diplot dalam bentuk grafik dan diaplikasikan dalam grafik yang dibuat berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap tsunami di beberapa tempat di dunia terutama di Jepang. Berdasarkan tinggi gelombang maksimum yang pernah terjadi di daerah ini (7,7 m), terlihat bahwa hutan pantai Cilacap belum cukup mampu bertindak sebagai penahan gelombang tsunami. Umur merupakan parameter penting agar pohon memiliki diameter yang besar, pohon yang cukup tinggi dan daya tahan terhadap potensi bahaya tsunami. Dibandingkan dengan hutan pantai di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, hutan pantai di Cilacap relatif masih muda dan membutuhkan beberapa tahun lagi untuk dapat memperkecil resiko yang ditimbulkan oleh bahaya tsunami. Kata kunci: Hutan pantai Cilacap, Kupang, tsunami dan parameter vegetasi.

scholarly journals Self-similar stochastic slip distributions on a non-planar fault for tsunami scenarios for megathrust earthquakes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Nakano ◽  
Shane Murphy ◽  
Ryoichiro Agata ◽  
Yasuhiko Igarashi ◽  
Masato Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Slip Distribution ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Tsunami Height ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Scenario Earthquakes

Abstract Megathrust earthquakes that occur repeatedly along the plate interface of subduction zones can cause severe damage due to strong ground motion and the destructive tsunamis they can generate. We developed a set of scenario earthquakes to evaluate tsunami hazards and tsunami early warning systems for such devastating earthquakes. Although it is known that the slip distribution on a fault strongly affects the tsunami height distribution in near-field coastal areas, the slip distribution of future earthquakes cannot be exactly predicted. One way to resolve this difficulty is to create a set of scenario earthquakes in which a set of heterogeneous slip distributions on the source fault is stochastically generated based on a given slip probability density function (SPDF). The slip distributions generated in this manner differ from event to event, but their average over a large ensemble of models converges to a predefined SPDF resembling the long-term average of ruptures on the target fault zone. We created a set of SPDF-based scenario earthquakes for an expected future M w 8.2 Tonankai earthquake in the eastern half of the Nankai trough, off southwest Japan, and computed the ensuing tsunamis. We found that the estimated peak coastal amplitudes among the ensemble of tsunamis along the near-field coast differed by factors of 3 to 9 and the earliest and latest arrivals at each observation site differed by 400 to 700 s. The variations in both peak tsunami amplitude and arrival time at each site were well approximated by a Gaussian distribution. For cases in which the slip distribution is unknown, the average and standard deviation of these scenario datasets can provide first approximations of forecast tsunami height and arrival time and their uncertainties, respectively. At most coastal observation sites, tsunamis modelled similarly but using a uniform slip distribution underpredicted tsunami amplitudes but gave earlier arrival times than those modeled with a heterogeneous slip distribution. Use of these earlier arrival times may be useful for providing conservative early warnings of tsunami arrivals. Therefore, tsunami computations for both heterogeneous and uniform slip distributions are important for tsunami disaster mitigation.

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