scholarly journals Trophic migrations of the brown bear in the forest landscapes of the Vostochny Nature Reserve on Sakhalin Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 946 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
I V Nikulina ◽  
R N Sabirov
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Different Seasons

Abstract The article deals with trophic migrations of the brown bear in the characteristic forest landscapes of the Vostochny Nature Reserve. Active life of a bear in the reserve begins after hibernation and is directly related to foraging in different seasons of the year. In the spring-early summer period, bears concentrate in valley forest complexes and coastal-marine landscapes, where, along with plant food, they obtain various products of animal origin thrown out of the sea. During the summer period, from the beginning of the course of salmon and until the end of their spawning, the animals mainly live in the mouths of rivers, and as the fish move, they go upstream and are distributed among their numerous tributaries. During the autumn period, bears concentrate mainly in mountainous forest landscapes and high-altitude natural complexes of the reserve, where they eat ripe berries and pine nuts, their trophic migrations are significantly reduced.

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

scholarly journals Individual Variation in Predatory Behavior, Scavenging and Seasonal Prey Availability as Potential Drivers of Coexistence between Wolves and Bears

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Andrés Ordiz ◽  
Cyril Milleret ◽  
Antonio Uzal ◽  
Barbara Zimmermann ◽  
Petter Wabakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Main Prey ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Age Class

Several large carnivore populations are recovering former ranges, and it is important to understand interspecific interactions between overlapping species. In Scandinavia, recent research has reported that brown bear presence influences gray wolf habitat selection and kill rates. Here, we characterized the temporal use of a common prey resource by sympatric wolves and bears and described individual and seasonal variation in their direct and/or indirect interactions. Most bear–wolf interactions were indirect, via bear scavenging of wolf kills. Bears used >50% of wolf kills, whereas we did not record any wolf visit at bear kills. Adult and subadult bears visited wolf kills, but female bears with cubs of the year, the most vulnerable age class to conspecifics and other predators, did not. Wolf and bear kill rates peaked in early summer, when both targeted neonate moose calves, which coincided with a reduction in bear scavenging rate. Some bears were highly predatory and some did not kill any calf. Individual and age-class variation (in bear predation and scavenging patterns) and seasonality (in bear scavenging patterns and main prey availability of both wolves and bears) could mediate coexistence of these apex predators. Similar processes likely occur in other ecosystems with varying carnivore assemblages.

scholarly journals Physiological and Psychological Effects of Walking in Urban Parks and Its Imagery in Different Seasons in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence from Matsudo City, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prita Indah Pratiwi ◽  
Qiongying Xiang ◽  
Katsunori Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The City

The benefits of park therapy have been investigated in young adults, but rarely for middle-aged and older adults. This study evaluates the physiological and psychological effects of walking in urban parks and park therapy images in winter, spring, and early summer. The experiments were implemented in two walking courses in the urban park in Japan and involved 12 middle-aged and older adults. Participants walked on walking courses in an urban park and city street for 11–15 min. Their heart rate and blood pressure were evaluated to determine physiological responses. The Profile of Mood States (POMS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Landscape Image Sketching Technique (LIST) were used to determine psychological responses and spatial conditions. Walking in an urban park exhibited lower heart rates and blood pressure as compared to walking in the city. It was congruent with lowered negative moods, total mood disturbance (TMD) scores, and state anxiety, while the higher positive mood was observed in the urban parks as compared to the city. Images in winter displayed trees, relaxation, and comfort; in spring, water, activity, people, surrounding place, and recreational space; and in early summer, greenery, lawn, and broadness. In conclusion, walking in urban parks leads to physiological, psychological relaxation, and varied landscape appreciation.

Seasonal changes in glucose tolerance and glycogen disposition in a lizard

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Di Maggio ◽  
Herbert C. Dessauer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Fasting Level ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Forty milligrams of glucose in 0.4 ml of water were injected intraperitoneally into fasted adult male lizards, Anolis carolinensis, in different seasons. At intervals of 3 hr to 5 days following injection lizards were sacrificed and their tissues analyzed for carbohydrate. Blood glucose returned to fasting level in less than 36 hr in spring and summer but remained above fasting level for over 2 days during autumn and winter. Generally, 4–6 g of glycogen were deposited per 100 g of liver per day. Greater quantities of glycogen were deposited in liver during autumn than in other seasons. The rate of decrease of liver glycogen was slowest in autumn and winter. Extrahepatic glycogen did not increase after glucose injection in early summer and autumn but rose significantly in winter and spring. The decreased "glucose tolerance" of Anolis and its increased capacity to store glycogen in autumn and winter may be due to a decreased rate of carbohydrate oxidation in these seasons.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal strongylatosis in the European bison

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
I. I. Tsepilova ◽  
N. V. Esaulova ◽  
S. A. Shemyakova
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
June July August ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
June July

The purpose of the research is studying seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal strongylatosis in bison in the Central Region of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The bison of different age and sex was studied in the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve, the Moscow Region. Fresh feces collected near feed troughs in enclosures in different seasons for three years were examined according to generally accepted methods. To analyze the infection rate of gastrointestinal strongylates in the European bison by months throughout the year, we took average monthly temperature and humidity values for 2018, 2019, and 2020 into account.Results and discussion. The maximum number of positive samples was diagnosed in the warm season of the year, namely, in summer and in the first months of autumn: August, September and October 2018 (79.3, 83.3 and 82.9%), August, October, November and December 2019 (73.7, 76.9, 77.1 and 77.8%), and June, July, August and October 2020 (85.6, 87.2, 88.0 and 86.3%). Ambient temperatures and precipitations affect significantly on the time of larvae development in the environment, which can be clearly seen in 2019. 

scholarly journals ESA SENTINEL 2 IMAGERY AND GBGEOAPP: INTEGRATED TOOLS FOR THE DEOSAI NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
M. T. Melis ◽  
F. Dessì ◽  
P. Loddo ◽  
A. Maccioni ◽  
M. Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
National Park ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Land Cover Map ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. Deosai plateau, in the Gilgit-Baltistan Province of Pakistan, for its average elevation of 4,114 meters, is the second highest plateau in the world after Changtang Tibetan Plateau. Two biogeographically important mountain ranges merge in Deosai: the Himalayan and Karakorum–Pamir highlands. The Deosai National Park, with its first recognition in 1993, encompasses an area of about 1620 km2, with the altitude ranging from 3500 to 5200 meters a.s.l. It is known and visited by tourists for the presence of brown bear, but a large number of species of fauna and flora leave, and can be seen during the summer season. This high-altitude ecosystem is particularly fragile and can be considered a sentinel for the effects of climate changes.Due to its geographic position and high altitude, the area of Deosai has never been studied in all its ecosystem components, producing high resolution maps. The first land cover map of Deosai with 10 meters of resolution is discussed in this study. This map has been obtained from Sentinel-2 imagery and improved through the new tool developed in this study: the GBGEOApp. This application for mobile has been done with three main ambitions: the validation of the new land cover map, its improvement with land use information, and the collection of new data in the field. On the basis of the results, the use of the GBGEOApp, as a tool for validation and increasing of environmental data collection, seems to be completely applicable involving the local technicians in a process of data sharing.

scholarly journals NATIONAL NATURE PARK “DZHARYLGATSKYI”

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
V. Getman
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Migration Corridor

National Natural Park (NPP) “Dzharylgatskyi” was established by Decree of the President of Ukraine from December 11, 2009, on the territory of Skadovsky district of Kherson region. This was preceded by the creation of Dzharylgatskyi botanical reserve of national importance in 1974. According to the physical-geographical zoning of Ukraine, the territory of the NPP “Dzharylgatskyi” refers to the Nizhnedneprovsky terraced-delta landscape of the Black Sea-Pryazovsky dry-steppe region. The main territorial area of the National Park “Dzharylgatskyi” is the Dzharylgach island with a narrow spit in its western part. The geomorphologic location of the park belongs to the region of the coastal zone of the Nizhnedneprovsk oblast plain, which includes the Oleshkivski Sands and the Kinburn Spit. Island surroundings represent the psamophytic steppe and it is one of the great features of the nature reserve in the south of Ukraine. Island isolation – the remoteness from the settlements of the mainland – is the greatest natural value of Dzharylgach. This is the largest uninhabited island in Europe. Flora of the NPP “Dzharylgatskyi” includes about 500 species of higher plants. The uniqueness of the Dzharylgatsky natural complex, the mild climatic conditions in the winter and the location along the Azov-Black Sea migration corridor have created some favourable conditions for the abundance of a significant number of birds species in different seasons of the year. Dzharylhach Island is an important link between the coastal environmental corridor. It is a place for birds to rest and nest during seasonal migrations. The territory of the national park is the part of one of the largest wetlands of international importance – “Karkinitskaya and Dzharilgatska Gulfs”. NPP “Dzharylgatsky” belongs to the Skadovsk resort zone with its warm sea, sandy beaches, long swimming season, which characterizes the park as a unique area for recreation and tourism. Discovered on Dzharylgach put peloids in their characteristics meet the highest requirements for therapeutic mud. This article analyzes the features of the natural environment and resources of the National Park “Dzharylgatskyi.” Attention is drawn to the geomorphological features of island spit. The article also raises the question of developing nature reserve agencies, such as the natural laboratory (bank) to conserve rare animals and plants.

scholarly journals DWARF SHRUB BERRIES IN THE DIET OF THE BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS) IN SOUTHERN TAIGA: EXAMPLE OF THE CENTRAL FOREST STRICT NATURE RESERVE

2020 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Сергей Сергеевич Огурцов ◽  
Юлия Сергеевна Желтухина ◽  
Sergey Ogurtsov ◽  
Yulia Zheltukhina
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Dwarf Shrub

scholarly journals Induction of fertile cycles in the Blackhead sheep during the anoestrus period

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schneider ◽  
F. Rehbock
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Number Of Injections

Abstract. A continuous supply of lambs is expected from the market, but not realizable without additional administration of hormones in seasonal breeds kept under extensive conditions. Our study had the aim to work out a possibility to induce fertile cycles in a flock of the Blackhead sheep already in early summer. Analyses of hormones progesterone and LH in untreated ewes were used, together with other tools, to control the different treatments for success, e.g. induction of ovulation, appearance of oestrus signs, regular luteal phases or pregnancy. Annual treatments were performed on altogether 76 ewes and started in June (1998), May (1999–2001), or April (2002). All tested variants had the main aim to overcome the GnRH/LH deficiency in the summer period. First series of experiments with either a single GnRH injection, a pheromone-containing paste or FSH showed unsatisfying results. An improvement was found after a previous progesterone priming which may have simulated a luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. Further modifications of the second part of treatment revealed a successful stimulation after as well a sequential GnRH agonist administration as a PMSG regime detected by plasma progesterone and ultrasonographic analyses. Finally, births of a single lamb and a pair of twins, respectively, already in October demonstrated the essential potency of both treatment regimes. However, a simplification, i.e. reducing the number of injections, and an optimisation of added hormone amounts are necessary. At the same time, changed conditions for keeping both the pregnant ewes and earlier born lambs have to be considered.

scholarly journals CREATION OF AGROCENOSES OF FODDER CROPS FOR SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER USE IN THE FORESTSTEPPE ZONE OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein

Experimental data on the creation of fodder agrocenoses for the production of green feed in the spring and early summer period is presented. The research was conducted in 2014-2016 in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The study included winter and spring rye crops and cabbage. It was established that the promising crop that gives the earliest green feed is the winter rye of autumn sowing. It was characterized by a high regrow capacity and formed two yield cuttings in the tillering phase. The yield of green mass was 7.7 t/ha, dry matter – 1.36 t/ha, output of feed units was 1.34 t/ha, the amount of digestible protein – 279 kg/ha. In the phase of stem elongation, the figures were 10.0 t/ ha, 2.17 t/ha, 1.93 t/ha, 287 kg/ ha, respectively; in the earing phase (one cutting) – 9.3 t/ha, 3.30 t/ha, 2.65 t/ha, 287 kg/ha, respectively. Feed biomass was of higher quality when used in the period of tillering, where the content of digestible protein per one feed unit was 206-210 g. The spring sowings of winter rye were inferior to the autumn sowings in the amount of two cuttings in the tillering phase: green mass by 3.3 t/ha, dry matter 0.58 t/ha, feed units 0.58 t/ha, digestible protein 113 kg/ha; in the stem elongation phase: 5.5 t/ha, 1,27 t/ha, 1.15 t/ ha, 168 kg/ha, respectively. Crops of spring rape, oil radish and spring rye are also important, since they allow to obtain a sufficiently high yield in the early summer period. In the budding phase the yield of green mass of cabbage crops was 22.8 and 18.3 t/ ha, dry matter – 2.69 and 2.78 t/ha, feed units – 2.70 and 2.25 t/ha, digestible protein – 648 and 599 kg/ ha; in the flowering phase the figures for oil radish were 21.5 t/ha, 2.56 t/ha, 2.57 t/ha, 499 kg/ ha, respectively. In the tillering phase the figures for spring rye in the amount of two cuttings were 7.3 t/ ha, 1.31 t/ha, 1.11 t/ha, 210 kg/ ha, respectively; in the phase of stem prolongation – 3.8 t/ha, 0.82 t/ ha, 0,87 t/ha, 105 kg/ha, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document