scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritive values and digestibility’s cacao( Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
T Hidayat ◽  
F Al-Majid ◽  
S Wajizah ◽  
Y Usman ◽  
Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Buffer Mixture

Abstract Cacao pod husk has been widely utilized as animal feed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate nutritive values and digestibility of fermented cacao pod husk with different concentration and incubation time. A completely randomized factorial design consisting two factors; lingzhi mushroom concentration (K1 = 7,5%; K2 = 15%) and incubation time (L1 = 15 d; L2 =30 d; L3 = 45 d) was employed in this study (n=3 replicates). Proximate analysis was performed to determine nutritive values of fermented cacao pod husk. Fermented samples were then subjected to an in vitro digestibility with rumen fluid and McDougall’s buffer mixture. The results of study reveal that cacao pod husk fermented with the concentration of 15% at 15d and 30 d significantly increased (P<0.05) crude protein content but not for other parameters. Dry and organic matter digestibility of cacao pod husk fermented with 7.5% of lingzhi mushroom at 45 d significantly improved (P<0.05) in vitro dry and organic matter of treatment. In conclusion, cacao pod husk fermented with different concentration and incubation time was able to improve the nutritive values and in vitro digestibility of cacao pod husk.

Comparison of rumen fluid from South African game species and from sheep to digest tanniniferous browse

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Jones ◽  
J. H. F. Meyer ◽  
F. M. Bechaz ◽  
M. A. Stoltz ◽  
B. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
South African ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Bacteria

The hypothesis that South African game animals that use browse containing condensed tannins (CT) could have rumen microbial populations better able to ferment tanniniferous forages was explored. Rumen fluid (RF) from a range of browsing ruminants was used to ferment tanniniferous forages in vitro and the results were compared with the values obtained with rumen fluid from sheep. Leaves of the shrub legumes Leucaena leucocephala, L. pallida, L. trichandra, Calliandra calothyrsus,Gliricidia sepium, and Acacia boliviana were used as substrates. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and nitrogen (IVND) was measured in the presence or absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 to assess the adverse effects of the CT in the feeds. Rumen fluid from giraffe, greater kudu, eland, duiker, impala, nyala, goat, and gnu was compared with that from sheep. Ability to metabolise or block the adverse effects of CT was expected to result in only a small or no response to PEG in terms of IVDMD and IVND with rumen fluid from browsers, and therefore to result in a significant animal feed and animal PEG interaction. There were no significant (P > 0.05) animal feed interactions. For every animal species there was a response to PEG in terms of IVND, and this response was linearly related to the CT in the feed as measured by PEG binding using 14C-labelled PEG. Rumen fluid from browsers had a lower pH (5.78 0.060 v. 6.68 0.052) and a higher dry matter content (1473 102 mg v. 415 4.3 mg/100 mL RF) than that of grazers (sheep and gnu). However, when measured at 2 pH levels (6.7 and 5.8), IVDMD and IVND of the feeds were not improved at the lower pH with rumen fluid from the browsers. Rather, digestibility was depressed at the lower pH with rumen fluid from all animal species. We conclude from these in vitro studies that rumen microbial populations from browsers are not able to ferment tanniniferous forages better than rumen microbial populations from grazers. It seems likely that these browsers do not have rumen bacteria capable of degrading the CT in these shrub legumes. Production on such tanniniferous feeds may well depend on tannin binding with proline-rich saliva rather than on metabolism of or tolerance to CT by rumen bacteria.

scholarly journals Protein-Energy Synchronization Index of Various Energy Source of Feed Concentrate for Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Hermawan Setyo Widodo ◽  
Harwanto Harwanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
High Category ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Synchronization

ABSTRACT. The study aimed to determine the protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of the various energy source of feed concentrate in vitro, as a database for the preparation of ruminant rations based on the PES index. The research was conducted from May to August 2020. The research was carried out experimentally through three stages: proximate analysis, in vitro digestibility test, and index calculation. The materials used were rumen fluid of three Jawa Randu Goats, taken shortly after being slaughtered at Sokaraja Goat Slaughterhouse, and seven types of energy sources of feed concentrate. Each feedstuff was duplicated for 3 replications, then the digestibility data for organic matter and protein of each feedstuff were collected at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour by in vitro fermentation. The data collection results were then regressed and the results were included in the PES index equation. The variable measured was the PES synchronization index. The results showed that the PES index of rice bran was 0.54, rice polish 0.50, pollard 0.57, corn 0.87, dried cassava 0.94, dried cassava dreg 0.90, and bread flour 0.94. The study concluded that the energy source of feed concentrate are potential as the medium to the high category of PES index values in the preparation of ruminant rations, where corn, dried cassava, dried cassava dreg, and bread flour have a PES index in the high category, while rice bran, rice polish, and pollard in the medium category.  (Indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi berbagai bahan pakan konsentrat sumber energi bagi ruminansia) ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginventarisasi indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi (SPE) berbagai bahan pakan konsentrat sumber energy, sebagai basis data penyusunan ransum ruminansia berbasis indeks SPE secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2020. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental melalui tiga tahap yaitu analisis proksimat, kecernaan in vitro, dan perhitungan indeks. Materi yang digunakan adalah cairan rumen 3 Kambing Jawa Randu yang diambil sesaat setelah disembelih di Rumah Potong Hewan Sokaraja, serta 7 jenis bahan pakan konsentrat sumber energi. Masing-masing bahan pakan diduplikasi sebanyak 3 ulangan, kemudian masing-masing diukur kecernaan bahan organik dan protein pada waktu fermentasi in vitro ke 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 dan 48 jam. Data yang dikoleksi selanjutnya di uji regresi dan hasilnya dimasukkan dalam persamaan indeks SPE. Variabel yang diukur adalah indeks SPE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks SPE dedak sebesar 0,54, bekatul 0,50, pollard 0,57, jagung 0,87, gaplek 0,94, onggok kering 0,90 dan tepung roti 0,94. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa, konsentrat sumber energi memiliki potensi nilai indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi pada kategori sedang hingga tinggi dalam penyusunan ransum ruminansia. Jagung, gaplek, onggok kering dan tepung roti memiliki indeks sinkronisasi protein-energi pada kategori tinggi, sedangkan dedak, bekatul dan pollard pada kategori sedang.

SEASONAL VARIATION OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN THE KUDU, Tragelaphus strepsiceros

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH A. BOOMKER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Tragelaphus Strepsiceros ◽  
High Cellulose

The seasonal variation and character of kudu rumen fluid inoculum was investigated. Three substrates used in in vitro fermentations yielded high cellulose digestibilities during the dry winter months. Organic matter digestibilities followed similar trends but did not reflect total rumen fermentative ability. Minimal hemicellulose digestion was observed. Key words: In vitro digestibility, cellulose, kudu

scholarly journals Organic matter digestibility in horses and its prediction.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A.A. Smolders ◽  
A. Steg ◽  
V.A. Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Reliable Estimation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Level Effect

Organic matter (OM) digestibility of 53 feeds was estimated in horses, sheep and in vitro using rumen fluid. Feeds tested were: roughages (grass hay, fresh grass, wilted grass silage, forage maize and artificially dried roughage), compound feeds and compound feed ingredients including cereals. Technical merits of the chosen procedure for digestibility trials with horses are discussed. Horse digestibility data for forages were consistently lower than sheep data, with a variable fibre level effect. For compound feeds and compound feed ingredients horse digestibility was about comparable to sheep digestibility allowing for considerable differences between feeds. In vitro digestibility gave a reliable estimation of OM digestibility in horses for the different group of feeds. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN ALKALI PADA LIMBAH KULIT KOPI DAN PENINGKATAN KECERNAANNYA DENGAN TEKNIK IN VITRO

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fariani., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

This research was done to improve coffee pulp digestibility with alkali treatment and adding organic acid by in vitro. This research was done in two stage, fi rst stage was soaking in alkali fl uid and second stage was in vitro digestibility analysis, in Animal Feed and Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used in 4 reatments and feed treatment was replicated 3 times. The treatments were: P0 (control), P1 (2 day soaking), P2 (3 day soaking) and P3 (4 day soaking). Observe parameters were tannin concentration, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, concentration of N-NH3 and (pH). The result showed that the treatment had nosignifi cant diference (P0.01) on tannin concentration. However, it was signifi cantly difference on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, concentration of N-NH3, and (pH).Key Words: Coffee pulp, alkali treatment, digestibility, in vitro techniques

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P &lt; 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

The prediction of digestibility by rumen fluid and enzymatic methods

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Peter Young ◽  
F. P. O'Mara ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P. J. Caffrey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Enzymatic Methods

Rumen fluid and cellulase based techniques are widely used to predict the digestibility of compound feeds and their ingredients. Recently gammanase enzymes have been added to some cellulase based techniques (Dowman, 1993; De Boever et al., 1994). Few comparisons of these techniques have involved by-product concentrate ingredients. The objective of this experiment was to compare the ability of three techniques, in vitro rumen fluid (RF), pepsin cellulase gammanase (PCG), and neutral detergent cellulase gammanase (NCDG), to predict the in vivo organic matter digestibility (OMD) of concentrate ingredients.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Bela Putra ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. 

scholarly journals Nutrient Quality and in Vitro Digestibility of Bio-Ammoniated Rice Straw Bales

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuk Tri Noviandi ◽  
Dibya Ratnopama ◽  
Ali Agus ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Randomized Design

This study was done to determine the effects of bale sizes of bio-ammoniated rice straw on its nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility. Rice straw were bio-ammoniated by adding 2 g urea and 1 g probiotic/kg DM. By following a completely randomized design, rice straw was baled in 3 different weights (15, 25, and 35 kg) with six replications for each treatment, and then stored for 3 weeks. In the end of the week 3, bales were opened, aired, and then sampled for proximate analysis (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber) and digestibility by in vitro gas production method. Using analysis of variance method, the proximate data showed that greater the bales size (15, 25, and 35 kg) increased crude protein (7.59, 7.86, and 9.95%, respectively; P<0.05) and decreased crude fiber contents (24.1, 22.1, and 18.8%, respectively; P<0.05). By increasing the size of bales also increased a, b, and c fractions (-0.79, 0.26, and 0.82 mL/100 mg DM; 20.2, 18.2, and 17.6 mL/100 mg DM; 0.012, 0.014, and 0.019 mL/h, respectively; P<0.05) as well as gas production (11.4, 11.5, and 13.8 mL/100 mg DM, respectively; P<0.05). It can be concluded that packing bio-ammoniated rice straw in 35 kg bale is the most effective way in increasing nutrient quality and digestibility of rice straw.

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