Characterization of drying behavior and modeling of industrial drying process

Petroleum-based plastic has been widely used in many industries. However, it takes hundreds of years to degrade and causes widespread pollution to our environment. These problems led to the invention of bioplastics, which were comprised of natural biopolymers made from starch. The production of bioplastics from food-based starches such as tapioca and corn created competition between food and bioplastic production industries. Hence, this research study focuses on producing bioplastic from microalgae residue, which is a non-food based raw material that uses four different types of plasticizers: glycerol, sorbitol, glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microalgae species for identification were obtained from the fish pond at the University Malaysia of Kelantan, before cultivating the species for 14 days. The microalgae residues were extracted through the centrifugation process. Three species were identified under the light microscope, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Monoraphidium sp. The production of bioplastic involved a manual stirring method using a hotplate magnetic stirrer, followed by drying the bioplastic in an oven at 60 oC. Results obtained showed that sorbitol and glycerol from microalgae are suitable to be used as a plasticizer for the production of bioplastic, however glutaraldehyde and PEG are not suitable. Bioplastics that used PEG and glutaraldehyde became cracked and brittle after the drying process. The characterization of bioplastics includes universal tensile testing machines, Fourier-transform infrared analysis and biodegradability tests being processed//undertaken on glycerol-based and sorbitol based bioplastic. Characterization of bioplastics proved that both glycerol and sorbitol have high potential for applications in daily human life. Bioplastics which used sorbitol as a plasticizer could be used in can be applied the production of plastic goods such as toys and household items due to its good resistance toward stress and minimal flexibility. Meanwhile bioplastics which used glycerol as a plasticizer could be applied to the production of plastic bags and plastic food wrap due to its elastic and flexible nature.

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Laboratory characterization of sandy soil water content during drying process using electrical resistivity/resistance method (ERM)

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment ◽

10.1007/s10064-020-01805-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (8) ◽

pp. 4411-4427

Author(s):

Ni An ◽

Chao-Sheng Tang ◽

Qing Cheng ◽

De-Yin Wang ◽

Bin Shi

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Drying Process ◽

Resistance Method ◽

Laboratory Characterization

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Synthesis and Characterization of a New Collagen-Alginate Aerogel for Tissue Engineering

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2019/2875375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abraham Muñoz-Ruíz ◽

Diana M. Escobar-García ◽

Mildred Quintana ◽

Amaury Pozos-Guillén ◽

Héctor Flores

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Supercritical Drying ◽

Drying Process ◽

Sem Images ◽

Promote Cell Migration ◽

Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽

Highly Porous ◽

Alginate Scaffold

Scaffolds have been used as extracellular matrix analogs to promote cell migration, cell attachment, and cell proliferation. The use of aerogels and carbon-based nanomaterials has recently been proposed for tissue engineering due to their properties. The aim of this study is to develop a highly porous collagen-alginate(-graphene oxide) aerogel-based scaffold. The GO synthesis was performed by Hummers method; a collagen-alginate and collagen-alginate-GO hydrogel were synthetized; then, they were treated by a supercritical drying process. The aerogels obtained were evaluated by SEM and FTIR. Osteoblasts were seeded over the scaffolds and evaluated by SEM. According to the characterization, the aerogels showed a highly porous interconnected network covered by a nonporous external wall. According to the FTIR, the chemical functional groups of collagen and GO were maintained after the supercritical process. The SEM images after cell culture showed that a collagen-alginate scaffold promotes cell attachment and proliferation. The alginate-collagen aerogel-based scaffold could be a platform for tissue engineering since it shows adequate properties. Further studies are needed to determine the cell interactions with GO.

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Characterization of drying behavior of granular materials using magnetoelastic sensors

NDT & E International ◽

10.1016/j.ndteint.2014.04.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C.D. Tormes ◽

M. Beltrami ◽

R.C.D. Cruz ◽

F.P. Missell

Keyword(s):

Granular Materials ◽

Drying Behavior ◽

Magnetoelastic Sensors

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Characterization of a paint drying process through granulometric analysis of speckle dynamic patterns

Signal Processing ◽

10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.11.010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 1623-1630 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Adriana Mavilio ◽

Margarita Fernández ◽

Marcelo Trivi ◽

Héctor Rabal ◽

Ricardo Arizaga

Keyword(s):

Drying Process ◽

Granulometric Analysis ◽

Dynamic Patterns ◽

Paint Drying

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Impact of processing temperature on drying behavior and quality changes in organic beef

Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium ◽

10.4995/ids2018.2018.7792 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Gardis J.E. Von Gersdorff ◽

Luna Shrestha ◽

Sharvari Raut ◽

Stefanie K. Retz ◽

Oliver Hensel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Color Difference ◽

Hyperspectral Data ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

Drying Process ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Beef Products ◽

Drying Behavior ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Total Color Difference

The drying of beef has gained an increasing interest and the organic market shows an increasing demand for dried beef products. In this study, organic beef meat slices were dried at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. Moisture content and color was measured throughout the drying process alongside Vis/VNIR hyperspectral images of the slices. The results of the total color difference (ΔE) showed the biggest change for samples dried at 50 °C (ΔE = 25.6). The aw value was the lowest for slices dried at 50 °C (0.744). The hyperspectral data gave promising results regarding non-invasive prediction of moisture content and color. Keywords: beef drying; drying behavior;color; hyperspectral imaging; quality.

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Characterization of Glucomannan Extracted from Fresh Porang Tubers Using Ethanol Technical Grade

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.1.632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nurlela Nurlela ◽

Nina Ariesta ◽

Dwi Sutari Laksono ◽

Edi Santosa ◽

Tjahja Muhandri

Keyword(s):

Extraction Methods ◽

Second Step ◽

Drying Process ◽

Direct Extraction ◽

Technical Grade ◽

Sem Image ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Fixed Concentration ◽

Low Levels

Glucomannan is a polysaccharide consisting of β-1.4-linked D-mannose and D-glucose monomers, which have many benefits especially in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It has been widely reported that one of the main sources of glucomannan is porang tuber (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). Generally, glucomannan extracted or purified from porang flour. However, the drying process causes other compounds than glucomannan stick strongly, resulting low levels of glucomannan. This study was to obtain glucomannan extract in an easy, effective, and inexpensive method, by direct extraction from fresh porang tubers using ethanol technical grade. We performed two extraction methods. The first is a fixed concentration method, the sample was repeatedly extracted using 50% ethanol (FC50) and 96% ethanol (FC96) 3 times, respectively. The second is a multilevel concentration method, the sample was repeatedly extracted using ethanol 60% (first step), 80% (second step), and 96% (third step), one replication each step. The highest glucomannan content (66.56%) was obtained by a multilevel concentration method. Moisture, lipid, protein, crude fiber, calcium oxalate level significantly reduce to 13.58%, 0.07%, 4.03%, 4.95%, 0.56% respectively. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups (O-H, C=O, C-O, C-H), that compose the glucomannan compound. SEM image showed that the granules form of glucomannan were round and oval, began to change its phase from amorphous to crystalline, related to XRD data. The results showed that the direct extraction from fresh porang tuber using ethanol technical grade with a multilevel concentration method was an effective method to extract the glucomannan

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Residual Strength and Drying Behavior of Concrete Reinforced with Recycled Steel Fiber from Tires

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6111

Author(s):

David Revuelta ◽

Pedro Carballosa ◽

José Luis García Calvo ◽

Filipe Pedrosa

Keyword(s):

Residual Strength ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Drying Shrinkage ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Geometrical Characterization ◽

The Matrix ◽

Drying Behavior ◽

Size Variability ◽

Recycled Steel

Fiber reinforcement of concrete is an effective technique of providing ductility to concrete, increasing its flexural residual strength while reducing its potential for cracking due to drying shrinkage. There are currently a wide variety of industrial fibers on the market. Recycled steel fibers (RSF) from tires could offer a viable substitute of industrialized fibers in a more sustainable and eco-friendly way. However, mistrust exists among users, based on fear that the recycling process will reduce the performance, coupled with the difficulty of characterization of the geometry of the RSF, as a consequence of the size variability introduced by the recycling process. This work compares the behavior of RSF from tires compared with industrialized steel or polypropylene fibers, evaluating the fresh state, compressive strength, flexural residual strength, and drying behavior. The concept of Equivalent Fiber Length (EFL) is also defined to help the statistical geometrical characterization of the RSF. A microstructural analysis was carried out to evaluate the integration of the fiber in the matrix, as well as the possible presence of contaminants. The conclusion is reached that the addition of RSF has a similar effect to that of industrialized fibers on concrete’s properties when added at the same percentage.

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Characterization of Slurry-Cast Layer Compounds for 3D Printing of High Strength Casting Cores

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6149

Author(s):

Patricia Erhard ◽

Jan Angenoorth ◽

Joachim Vogt ◽

Johannes Spiegel ◽

Florian Ettemeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Bending Strength ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Temperature Stability ◽

High Strength ◽

Process Window ◽

Drying Process ◽

The Mean ◽

Drying Conditions

Additive manufacturing of casting cores and molds is state of the art in industrial application today. However, improving the properties of chemically bonded casting cores regarding temperature stability, bending strength, and surface quality is still a major challenge. The process of slurry-based 3D printing allows the fabrication of dense structures and therefore sinterable casting cores. This paper presents a study of the slurry-based fabrication of ceramic layer compounds focusing on the drying process and the achievable properties in slurry-based 3D printing of casting cores. This study aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interrelations between the drying conditions in the 3D printing process and the properties of sintered specimens relating thereto. The drying intensity influenced by an IR heater as well as the drying periods are varied for layer thicknesses of 50, 75, and 100 µm. Within this study, a process window applicable for 3D printing of sinterable casting cores is identified and further indications are given for optimization potentials. At layer heights of 75 µm, bending strengths between ~8 and 11 MPa as well as densities of around 50% of the theoretical density were achieved. Since the mean roughness depth Rz is determined to be <30 µm in plane, an application of slurry-based 3D printing in investment casting is conceivable.

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