A Comparative Study on the Role of Xpert MTB/RIF in Testing Different Types of Spinal Tuberculosis Tissue Specimens

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 722-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Tang ◽  
Shiqing Feng ◽  
Ruixiao Gao ◽  
Chenfu Han ◽  
Xiaochen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Specimens

scholarly journals An Analysis of Differences in the Role of Friendships and the School Class in Children’s Perceptions of Bullying in England and Ijime in Japan: A Translation and Expansion of Kanetsuna (2009)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8234
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kanetsuna ◽  
Peter K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
English Translation ◽  
School Class ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Perceptions Of Bullying ◽  
The Impact

This is an English translation with some expansion of the article originally published in Japanese as a university bulletin in 2009. Previous research has found both differences and similarities between ijime in Japan and bullying in England. Bullying is often by pupils in different classes or higher year groups whom the victim does not know very well; ijime is often by victims’ classmates whom the victim knows very well. However, it has not been shown whether these differences are found for all types of bullying, or how they relate to friendships generally and the impact of differing school systems. We aimed to see whether previously found differences between ijime and bullying could be replicated, and, if so, whether they held for six different types of victimization, and whether friendship characteristics were consistent with explaining why they occur. To investigate the role of friendships and their location, 1036 Japanese and 931 English secondary school pupils participated in a comparative study of perceptions of bullying and ijime. The previous differences were confirmed and found to hold irrespective of type of bullying. Japanese pupils mainly formed friendships on a class basis, English pupils on a broader basis including pupils in different years. In school, English pupils spent much time in the playground with their friends and saw this as a likely venue for bullying, whereas Japanese pupils spent more time in the classroom and saw this as a likely venue for ijime. The difference in friendship formation, together with differences in the organization of class-based teaching in the two countries, are hypothesized to play a significant role in explaining some differences between bullying and ijime.

scholarly journals Research of Facts Devices for Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1585-1590
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power System ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types

Nowadays the consumption and need for the power is more hence there is great demand on power consumption by the people which may often cause instability in power system. This instability in Voltage or current in the power system can be controlled using various kinds of facts device. Hence, this paper explains the role of the facts devices in maintenance of stability and their optimal placements in power system. Thus this paper gives a comprehensive and comparative study of different types of facts device and their role in Voltage or transients stability analysis methods.

scholarly journals Management Control for Stimulating Different Types of Creativity: The Role of Budgets

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Cools ◽  
Kristof Stouthuysen ◽  
Alexandra Van den Abbeele
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Management Control System ◽  
Diagnostic Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the role of budgets as a central instrument within the management control system (MCS) in a creative context. In particular we investigate whether creative firms characterized by different kinds of creativity use their budgets in a similar way. We hereby distinguish between expected creativity (for open, self-discovered problems) and responsive creativity (for closed, presented problems) (Unsworth 2001) and investigate the interactive versus diagnostic use of budgets (Simons 1990, 1991, 1995). Based on a comparative study involving four creative firms, we find that creative firms, being mainly characterized by expected creativity, use their budgets in a more interactive way. In creative firms in which responsive creativity is most important, the budgets are used in a rather diagnostic way. This study contributes to the management control literature by acknowledging that a diagnostic use of budgets does not per se stifle creativity. Instead, it is important to understand that the specific creative context might have implications for the way in which MCS instruments are used to sustain the creative process.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Dragline Initiation in Spiders: Multiple Transitions from Multi- to Single-Gland Usage

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas O. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Major Impediment ◽  
Plesiomorphic State

Despite the recognition of spider silk as a biological super-material and its dominant role in various aspects of a spider’s life, knowledge on silk use and silk properties is incomplete. This is a major impediment for the general understanding of spider ecology, spider silk evolution and biomaterial prospecting. In particular, the biological role of different types of silk glands is largely unexplored. Here, I report the results from a comparative study of spinneret usage during silk anchor and dragline spinning. I found that the use of both anterior lateral spinnerets (ALS) and posterior median spinnerets (PMS) is the plesiomorphic state of silk anchor and dragline spinning in the Araneomorphae, with transitions to ALS-only use in the Araneoidea and some smaller lineages scattered across the spider tree of life. Opposing the reduction to using a single spinneret pair, few taxa have switched to using all ALS, PMS and the posterior lateral spinnerets (PLS) for silk anchor and dragline formation. Silk fibres from the used spinnerets (major ampullate, minor ampullate and aciniform silk) were generally bundled in draglines after the completion of silk anchor spinning. Araneoid spiders were highly distinct from most other spiders in their draglines, being composed of major ampullate silk only. This indicates that major ampullate silk properties reported from comparative measurements of draglines should be handled with care. These observations call for a closer investigation of the function of different silk glands in spiders.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Media on Risk Communication of Disasters—A Comparative Study Based on Sina Weibo Blogs Related to Tianjin Explosion and Typhoon Pigeon

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiezhong Liu ◽  
Huyuan Zhang ◽  
Hubo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Sina Weibo ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Social media has brought opportunities and challenges to risk communication of disasters by undermining the monopoly of traditional news media. This paper took blogs about Tianjin Explosion and Typhoon Pigeon posted through Sina Weibo as empirical objects. Moreover, the paper used the analytical method of social network to conduct a comparative study on the network structures of information disseminated among different types of disasters, with the goal of uncovering the impact of social media on different types of risk communication of disasters. The result shows a different impact of the risk communication on the two types of disasters. While the role of social media for the risk communication of natural disasters is mainly to influence information dissemination, the roles of social media for the risk communication of man-made disasters are to transmit information as well as to communicate emotions. The differences seen within the structure of social media networks are causes differences in functions. Specifically, the structure for the social media communication network on man-made disasters takes on a “core - periphery structure” which is endowed with both information communication and emotional communication functions. Also, the role of the opinion leaders for the subnet is found to be significant while the communication within small groups is kept pretty active; additionally, the slow speed of information transmission of the network could result in easily distorted information. On top of that, the network is characterized with intense vulnerability to the attacks on core nodes. In contrast, the social media network for natural disaster risk communication is not seen with an obvious “peripheral-core” structure which is a relatively pure information transmission network with relatively equal principal status. In other words, the entire network is found with stronger connectivity and relatively faster information transmission speed. Furthermore, the nodes inside the network are found to have weaker control over information transmission. In sum, the research results are helpful in improving the risk communication theory based on social relations, optimizing the communication structure of disaster information so as to change the effect of risk communication.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CROSSOVER OPERATORS FOR GENETIC ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Wafaa Mustafa Hameed ◽  
Asan Baker Kanbar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
Crossover Operator ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Traveling Salesman Problem

Genetic algorithms (GAs) represent a method that mimics the process of natural evolution in effort to find good solutions. In that process, crossover operator plays an important role. To comprehend the genetic algorithms as a whole, it is necessary to understand the role of a crossover operator. Today, there are a number of different crossover operators that can be used , one of the problems in using genetic algorithms is the choice of crossover operator Many crossover operators have been proposed in literature on evolutionary algorithms, however, it is still unclear which crossover operator works best for a given optimization problem. This paper aims at studying the behavior of different types of crossover operators in the performance of genetic algorithm. These types of crossover are implemented on Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP); Whitley used the order crossover (OX) depending on specific parameters to solve the traveling salesman problem, the aim of this paper is to make a comparative study between order crossover (OX) and other types of crossover using the same parameters which was Whitley used.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Kelsey ◽  
K J Stevenson ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Different Types

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

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