Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Induce Different Patterns of Cytokine Production in Human Mononuclear Cells Irrespective of Taxonomic Relatedness

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Skovbjerg ◽  
Anna Martner ◽  
Lars Hynsjö ◽  
Christina Hessle ◽  
Ingar Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Taxonomic Relatedness ◽  
Human Mononuclear Cells

scholarly journals Recognition of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Muramyl Dipeptide by NOD2 Results in Potent Induction of MMP-9, Which Can Be Controlled by Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 4952-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Vissers ◽  
Yvonne Hartman ◽  
Laszlo Groh ◽  
Dirk J. de Jong ◽  
Marien I. de Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Muramyl Dipeptide ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACTMatrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) is a protease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix collagen. Evidence suggests that MMP-9 is involved in pathogenesis duringStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection. However, not much is known about the induction of MMP-9 and the regulatory processes involved. We show here that the Gram-positive bacteria used in this study induced large amounts of MMP-9, in contrast to the Gram-negative bacteria that were used. An important pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) for Gram-positive bacteria is muramyl dipeptide (MDP). MDP is a very potent inducer of MMP-9 and showed a dose-dependent MMP-9 induction. Experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Crohn's disease patients with nonfunctional NOD2 showed that MMP-9 induction byStreptococcus pneumoniaeand MDP is NOD2 dependent. Increasing amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important PAMP for Gram-negative bacteria, resulted in decreasing amounts of MMP-9. Moreover, the induction of MMP-9 by MDP could be counteracted by simultaneously adding LPS. The inhibition of MMP-9 expression by LPS was found to be regulated posttranscriptionally, independently of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9. Collectively, these data show thatStreptococcus pneumoniaeis able to induce large amounts of MMP-9. These high MMP-9 levels are potentially involved inStreptococcus pneumoniaepathogenesis.

scholarly journals IFN-mediated negative feedback supports bacteria class-specific macrophage inflammatory responses

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A Gottschalk ◽  
Michael G Dorrington ◽  
Bhaskar Dutta ◽  
Kathleen S Krauss ◽  
Andrew J Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Despite existing evidence for tuning of innate immunity to different classes of bacteria, the molecular mechanisms used by macrophages to tailor inflammatory responses to specific pathogens remain incompletely defined. By stimulating mouse macrophages with a titration matrix of TLR ligand pairs, we identified distinct stimulus requirements for activating and inhibitory events that evoked diverse cytokine production dynamics. These regulatory events were linked to patterns of inflammatory responses that distinguished between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, both in vitro and after in vivo lung infection. Stimulation beyond a TLR4 threshold and Gram-negative bacteria-induced responses were characterized by a rapid type I IFN-dependent decline in inflammatory cytokine production, independent of IL-10, whereas inflammatory responses to Gram-positive species were more sustained due to the absence of this IFN-dependent regulation. Thus, disparate triggering of a cytokine negative feedback loop promotes tuning of macrophage responses in a bacteria class-specific manner and provides context-dependent regulation of inflammation dynamics.

scholarly journals Gram-Positive Bacteria Are Potent Inducers of Monocytic Interleukin-12 (IL-12) while Gram-Negative Bacteria Preferentially Stimulate IL-10 Production

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3581-3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hessle ◽  
Bengt Andersson ◽  
Agnes E. Wold
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 are two cytokines secreted by monocytes/macrophages in response to bacterial products which have largely opposite effects on the immune system. IL-12 activates cytotoxicity and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion by T cells and NK cells, whereas IL-10 inhibits these functions. In the present study, the capacities of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to induce IL-10 and IL-12 were compared. Monocytes from blood donors were stimulated with UV-killed bacteria from each of seven gram-positive and seven gram-negative bacterial species representing both aerobic and anaerobic commensals and pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria induced much more IL-12 than did gram-negative bacteria (median, 3,500 versus 120 pg/ml at an optimal dose of 25 bacteria/cell; P < 0.001), whereas gram-negative bacteria preferentially stimulated secretion of IL-10 (650 versus 200 pg/ml; P < 0.001). Gram-positive species also induced stronger major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted IFN-γ production in unfractionated blood mononuclear cells than did gram-negative species (12,000 versus 3,600 pg/ml; P < 0.001). The poor IL-12-inducing capacity of gram-negative bacteria was not remediated by addition of blocking anti-IL-10 antibodies to the cultures. No isolated bacterial component could be identified that mimicked the potent induction of IL-12 by whole gram-positive bacteria, whereas purified LPS induced IL-10. The results suggest that gram-positive bacteria induce a cytokine pattern that promotes Th1 effector functions.

scholarly journals Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Do Not Trigger Monocytic Cytokine Production through Similar Intracellular Pathways

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4590-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Rabehi ◽  
Théano Irinopoulou ◽  
Béatrice Cholley ◽  
Nicole Haeffner-Cavaillon ◽  
Marie-Paule Carreno
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
P38 Pathway

ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in human monocyte activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC), suggesting that gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria may trigger similar intracellular events. Treatment with specific kinase inhibitors prior to cell stimulation dramatically decreased LPS-induced cytokine production. Blocking of the p38 pathway prior to LPS stimulation decreased interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1ra, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, whereas blocking of the ERK1/2 pathways inhibited IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1ra but not TNF-α production. When cells were stimulated by SAC, inhibition of the p38 pathway did not affect cytokine production, whereas only IL-1α production was decreased in the presence of ERK kinase inhibitor. We also demonstrated that although LPS and SAC have been shown to bind to CD14 before transmitting signals to TLR4 and TLR2, respectively, internalization of CD14 occurred only in monocytes triggered by LPS. Pretreatment of the cells with SB203580, U0126, or a mixture of both inhibitors did not affect internalization of CD14. Altogether, these results suggest that TLR2 signaling does not involve p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, indicating that divergent pathways are triggered by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, thereby inducing cytokine production.

scholarly journals Differential Cytokine Response in Host Defence Mechanisms Triggered by Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria, and the Roles of Gabexate Mesilate, a Synthetic Protease Inhibitor

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Iwadou ◽  
Y Morimoto ◽  
H Iwagaki ◽  
S Sinoura ◽  
Y Chouda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Gabexate Mesilate ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tnf Α

Bacterial infection results in the production of inflammatory mediators and may be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis and/or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a superantigen of Gram-positive bacteria, on cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined. LPS significantly increased the production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and SEB enhanced the production of helper T lymphocyte type cytokines. These results illustrated the different responses to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The effect of gabexate mesilate, a synthetic protease inhibitor, on cytokine production and expression of the toll-like receptor (TLR) was also examined. The results suggest that gabexate mesilate-induced inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) production in LPS-stimulated PBMCs is due to the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB activation pathway and/or inhibition of the processing pathway of pro-TNF-α and pro-IL-18, not to down-regulation of TLR-2 or TLR-4.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

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