scholarly journals Molecular mechanism underlying Piriformospora indica-mediated plant improvement/protection for sustainable agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Saeed-ur- Rahman ◽  
Danfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Symbiotic Association

Abstract The beneficial endophytic microorganisms have received significant attention in agriculture because of their exceptional capabilities to facilitate functions like nutrient enrichment, water status, and stress tolerance (biotic and abiotic). This review signifies the molecular mechanisms to better understand the Piriformospora indica-mediated plants improvement or protection for sustainable agriculture. P. indica, an endophytic fungus, belonging to the order Sebacinales (Basidiomycota), is versatile in building mutualistic associations with a variety of plants including pteridophytes, bryophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. P. indica has enormous potential to manipulate the hormonal pathway such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid which in turn increases root proliferation and subsequently improves plant nutrient acquisition. P. indica also enhances components of the antioxidant system and expression of stress-related genes which induce plant stress tolerance under adverse environmental conditions. P. indica has tremendous potential for crop improvement because of its multi-dimensional functions such as plant growth promotion, immunomodulatory effect, biofertilizer, obviates biotic (pathogens) and abiotic (metal toxicity, water stress, soil structure, salt, and pH) stresses, phytoremediator, and bio-herbicide. Considering the above points, herein, we reviewed the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying P. indica-mediated plants improvement or protection under diverse agricultural environment. The first part of the review focuses on the symbiotic association of P. indica with special reference to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and host plant root colonization mechanisms, respectively. Emphasis is given to the expression level of essential genes involved in the processes that induce changes at the cellular level. The last half emphasizes critical aspects related to the seed germination, plant yield, and nutrients acquisition.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
Gyeong-Im Shin ◽  
Song Yi Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

scholarly journals Potassium: A Vital Regulator of Plant Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. Bhuyan ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Md. Hossain ◽  
Jubayer Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Physiological Processes

Among the plant nutrients, potassium (K) is one of the vital elements required for plant growth and physiology. Potassium is not only a constituent of the plant structure but it also has a regulatory function in several biochemical processes related to protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and enzyme activation. Several physiological processes depend on K, such as stomatal regulation and photosynthesis. In recent decades, K was found to provide abiotic stress tolerance. Under salt stress, K helps to maintain ion homeostasis and to regulate the osmotic balance. Under drought stress conditions, K regulates stomatal opening and helps plants adapt to water deficits. Many reports support the notion that K enhances antioxidant defense in plants and therefore protects them from oxidative stress under various environmental adversities. In addition, this element provides some cellular signaling alone or in association with other signaling molecules and phytohormones. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding K-induced abiotic stress tolerance in plants, the exact molecular mechanisms of these protections are still under investigation. In this review, we summarized the recent literature on the biological functions of K, its uptake, its translocation, and its role in plant abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Advances in Omics Approaches for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhi Chaudhary ◽  
Praveen Khatri ◽  
Pankaj Singla ◽  
Surbhi Kumawat ◽  
Anu Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Regulatory Networks ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Efficient Utilization

Tomato, one of the most important crops worldwide, has a high demand in the fresh fruit market and processed food industries. Despite having considerably high productivity, continuous supply as per the market demand is hard to achieve, mostly because of periodic losses occurring due to biotic as well as abiotic stresses. Although tomato is a temperate crop, it is grown in almost all the climatic zones because of widespread demand, which makes it challenge to adapt in diverse conditions. Development of tomato cultivars with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance is one of the most sustainable approaches for its successful production. In this regard, efforts are being made to understand the stress tolerance mechanism, gene discovery, and interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Several omics approaches, tools, and resources have already been developed for tomato growing. Modern sequencing technologies have greatly accelerated genomics and transcriptomics studies in tomato. These advancements facilitate Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS). However, limited efforts have been made in other omics branches like proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics. Extensive cataloging of omics resources made here has highlighted the need for integration of omics approaches for efficient utilization of resources and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism. The information provided here will be helpful to understand the plant responses and the genetic regulatory networks involved in abiotic stress tolerance and efficient utilization of omics resources for tomato crop improvement.

scholarly journals SSR Marker Based Genetic Diversity Analysis and SNP Haplotyping of Genes Associating Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance, Rice Growth and Development and Yield Across 93 Rice Landraces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smitha Kunhiraman Vasumathy ◽  
Manickavelu Alagu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
World Population ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Rice Landraces

Abstract I. Background: As rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population, enhancing grain yield irrespective of the variable climatic conditions is indispensable. Many of the traditionally cultivated rice landraces are well adapted to severe environmental conditions and have high genetic diversity that could play an important role in crop improvement.II. Methods and Results: The present study disclosed high level of genetic diversity among the unexploited rice landraces cultivated by farmers of Kerala. Twelve polymorphic markers detected a total of seventy- seven alleles with an average of 6.416 alleles per locus. PIC value ranged from 0.459 to 0.809 and to differentiate the rice genotypes, RM 242 was found to be the most appropriate marker with the highest value of 0.809. The current study indicated that the rice landraces were highly diverse with higher values of the effective number of alleles, PIC, and Shannon information index and utilizing these informative SSR markers for future molecular characterization and population genetic studies in rice landraces are advisable. Haplotypes are sets of genomic regions within a chromosome that are inherited together and haplotype-based breeding is a promising strategy for designing next-generation rice varieties. Here, haplotype analysis explored 270 haplotype blocks and 775 haplotypes from all the chromosomes of landraces under study. The number of SNPs in each haplotype block ranged from two to 28. Haplotypes of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, yield-enhancing, and growth and development in rice landraces were also elucidated in the current study.III. Conclusions: The present investigation revealed genetic diversity of rice landraces and the haplotype analysis will open the way for genome wide association studies, QTL identification, and marker assisted selection in the unexplored rice landraces collected from Kerala.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agriculture: An Important Natural Resource for Crop Improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Environmentally Sound

It is usually admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. The increasing demand for production with a significant reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best ecofriendly alternatives.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Transcription Factor AtWRKY57 Alleviates Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Wei Tang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors

Background:WRKY transcription factors play important roles in the responses to abiotic stresses, seed dormancy, seed germination, developmental processes, secondary metabolism, and senescence in plants. However, molecular mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors-related abiotic stress tolerance have not been fully understood.Methods:In this investigation, transcription factor AtWRKY57 was introduced into cell lines of rice (Oryza sativaL.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and white pine (Pinus strobesL.) for characterization of its function in salt stress tolerance. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the function of AtWRKY in a broad sample of plant species including monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and gymnosperms.Results:The experimental results demonstrated that heterologous expression of transcription factor AtWRKY57 improves salt stress tolerance by decreasing Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS), increasing Ascorbate Peroxidase (APOX) and Catalase (CAT) activity under salt stress. In rice, overexpression of transcription factor AtWRKY57 enhances expression of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase genesOsCPk6andOsCPk19to counteract salt stress.Conclusion:These results indicated that transcription factor AtWRKY57 might have practical application in genetic engineering of plant salt tolerance throughout the plant kingdom.

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