Sensorimotor agency

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel A. Di Paolo ◽  
Thomas Buhrmann ◽  
Xabier E. Barandiaran
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Behavioral Organization ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Sensorimotor Approach

An enactive sensorimotor approach to perception places the agent at the center of the engagements that constitute a perceptual act. The notion of agency required, however, cannot be based solely on an organism’s biological well-being. Interests beyond mere survival guide many activities that animals with rich sensorimotor lives engage in. It is proposed that the processes that individuate a sensorimotor agent are the very acts that it performs, and that a network of precarious but mutually stabilizing sensorimotor schemes can satisfy the conditions of agency. Compatibility is demonstrated with dynamical approaches to behavioral development, as well as with psychological theories that support the view of a networked behavioral organization. The interdependence of agency at the organismic, sensorimotor, and social levels is discussed, as well as the relevance of sensorimotor agency, to understand the inherent meaningfulness of perception for the perceiver, as well as her subjectivity.

3. The psychology of ageing

2016 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
Study Designs

Psychological theories of ageing encompass mental health and emotional well-being as well as changes in these states, at individual as well as interpersonal levels, associated with increasing age. ‘The psychology of ageing’ reviews different ways of studying changes in functioning: cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential study designs; the varying psychological theories of ageing, including the disengagement theory, activity theory, continuity theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, convoy theory, and social identity theory; and the cognitive aspects of ageing, including changes in thinking and behaviour as a result of both primary and secondary ageing. It also considers how personality and emotions are expressed in later life and the treatment of mental disorders.

Advaita: Oneness as a Lived Reality—Examining Aspects of Profound and a Radical Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ashok Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
Being There

It is all good to say, that the world is one! Are these idealistic/poetic ideas or could there be psychological pathways to experience oneness as a continuous realisation? This is not a question of philosophy or intellectual argumentation, but a question of living and being. There has been now interest in non-dual awareness in research as well ( Josipovic, 2014 ). The objective of this article is to introduce a radical worldview—advaita vedānta that leads to profound cognitive, affective and behavioural implications of well-being beyond the surface level ideas of happiness. Advaita—which means ‘not-two’ is the most profound and radical of psychological theories Indic civilization has experienced and accepted as the epitome—the crown jewel. The Vedāntic worldview and practice with the background throb of all Indic values—of inclusion, love and truth vests in Advaita—oneness. In popular imagination, it has been both esoteric-cised and yet has remained un-commodified. Contrary to popular ideas that look at advaita as a speculative philosophy, advaita is understood as a rich psychological theory with a basis in cognition, knowing, as well as a living in oneness. The students of modern psychology, especially, in India are left poorer, if they are unable to review advaita and yet study consciousness, which is a booming area of research in modern psychology. Advaita is a continuous living realisation—termed as Jīvanmukti, the Vedāntic ideal of being free, while living. Examining the primary Saṃskrit text—Jīvanmukti-viveka, I describe Jīvanmukti—of living in continuous realisation of oneness, till the body drops down, as stated by the great muni, whose above-mentioned abhyāsa grantha—the application manual, is used across Hindu spiritual frameworks and monastic orders, till today.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL – BEING CONTENT IN TODAY’S PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

2015 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ēriks Kalvāns
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Functional Aspects

<p>Psychological well-being is a phenomenon that significantly affects an individual's basic functional aspects: everyday sense of self, personal cognitive sphere, interpersonal relationships and professional success. Because of the relatively small theoretical and empirical research, there is a number of psychological well-being concept operationalization difficulties and validate the empirical study of instruments deficit. For these reasons, acquires relevance of sychological well-being of the phenomenon of theoretical and empirical research. This ublication reflects the main approaches to the treatment of psychological well-being of the phenomenon of modern psychology.</p>

scholarly journals Empathy from a “4E cognition” perspective: the problem of lynching

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Milena Segovia Nieto ◽  
Andrés Fernando Ramírez Velandia
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
South American ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Discussions about intersubjectivity can be traced back to philosophical discussions of the 19th century. In recent years, disciplines such as neuroscience, social cognition, and phenomenology have discussed “empathy” in terms of the ability for human connection. More recently, researchers are discussing the definition of empathy, especially the relationship between empathy and the motivation to seek another’s well-being. In this discussion, psychological theories conceived empathy as a factor of prosocial behavior. Other researchers such as Bloom consider empathy as an unfit moral guide, while yet others attempt to remove the caring condition from the equation of empathy. In this article, we aim to contribute to the discussion on empathy discussions by analyzing lynching, a form of collective violence sometimes seen in the South American context. We suggest that lynching, as well as other phenomena of collective violence, presents specific challenges for the conceptualization of empathy, and that those challenges could be tackled from the perspective of “4E cognition.”

scholarly journals The Well-Being Benefits of Person-Culture Match Are Contingent on Basic Personality Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen E. Gebauer ◽  
Jennifer Eck ◽  
Theresa M. Entringer ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Peter J. Rentfrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Match Effect

People enjoy well-being benefits if their personal characteristics match those of their culture. This person-culture match effect is integral to many psychological theories and—as a driver of migration—carries much societal relevance. But do people differ in the degree to which person-culture match confers well-being benefits? In the first-ever empirical test of that question, we examined whether the person-culture match effect is moderated by basic personality traits—the Big Two and Big Five. We relied on self-reports from 2,672,820 people across 102 countries and informant reports from 850,877 people across 61 countries. Communion, agreeableness, and neuroticism exacerbated the person-culture match effect, whereas agency, openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness diminished it. People who possessed low levels of communion coupled with high levels of agency evidenced no well-being benefits from person-culture match, and people who possessed low levels of agreeableness and neuroticism coupled with high levels of openness, extraversion, and conscientiousness even evidenced well-being costs. Those results have implications for theories building on the person-culture match effect, illuminate the mechanisms driving that effect, and help explain failures to replicate it.

scholarly journals Social-behavioral development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Georgoulas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Life Span Development ◽  
Life Success ◽  
Social Behavioral Development ◽  
Human Life Span

The early child period is considered to be the crucial in the human life-span development. Healthy and normal early development of a child, including his/her physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development, strongly influences the subsequent personal and social functioning, well-being and life success. Behavioral development, and in particular social/behavioral development, is a crucial tool for survival and adaptation. In this article, three mechanisms that work in an interrelated and cooperative way in determining behavioral development will be discussed in more detail. Given the purpose and design of this paper, we will focus on some of the latest studies of the environmental factors considered to have the power to influence ontogenetic behavioral development and in particular, social/behavioral development.

scholarly journals Interdependent transformations: Integrating insights from relationship science to advance post-traumatic growth and personality change research

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110221
Author(s):  
Veronica M Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Research Relationships

People have a tremendous ability to grow and change for the better following adverse life events. This capacity for growth has captured the attention of psychologists interested in understanding the mechanisms underpinning both personality and well-being. This paper advocates for a greater integration of relationship science into this area of study as a means of advancing post-traumatic growth and personality change research. Relationships, both as an impetus for change and as evidence of growth, have featured consistently in the post-traumatic growth and adversity literatures. Drawing from interdependence theory in particular, this paper highlights how the unique structure of close relationships and relationship dynamics can be applied to address outstanding theoretical questions related to the advancement of post-traumatic growth research as well as offers a critique of the practice of using relationship outcomes (e.g., connection) as evidence of post-traumatic growth. Finally, this paper encourages psychologists across subdisciplines to share their unique skills and insights to help generate more robust psychological theories and methods.

scholarly journals Which are the central aspects of infant sleep? The dynamic of sleep composites across infancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Schoch ◽  
Reto Huber ◽  
Malcolm Kohler ◽  
Salome Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

AbstractSleep is ubiquitous during infancy and important for the well-being of both infant and parent. Therefore, there is large interest to characterize infant sleep with reliable tools, for example by means of combining actigraphy with 24-h-diaries. However, it is critical to select the right variables to characterize sleep. With a principal component analysis, we identified 5 underlying sleep composites from 48 commonly used sleep variables: Sleep Night, Sleep Day, Sleep Activity, Sleep Timing and Sleep Variability. These composites accurately reflect the known changes of sleep throughout infancy as Sleep Day (representing naps), Sleep Activity (representing sleep efficiency and consolidation) and Sleep Variability (representing day-to-day stability) decrease across infancy, while Sleep Night (representing nighttime sleep) slightly increases and Sleep Timing becomes earlier with increasing age. Additionally, we uncover interesting dynamics between the sleep composites and demonstrate that infant sleep is not only highly variable between infants but also considerably dynamic within infants across time. Interestingly, Sleep Day is associated with behavioral development and therefore a potential marker for maturation. We recommend the use of sleep composites or of those specific single variables, which are solid representatives of the sleep composites for more reliable research.

scholarly journals Behavioral Development of Two Captive Mother-Calf Dyads of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Calves’ First Year

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia von Streit ◽  
Udo Ganslosser ◽  
Lorenzo von Fersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Play Behavior ◽  
First Year ◽  
Object Play

This study investigated the development of suckling behavior, spatial relations, social behavior, and play behavior in 2 mother-calf dyads of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Each dyad was observed 4 hours weekly throughout the calves’ 1st year. The dyads differed in calves’ sex and mothers’ parity. The dyad with the primiparous female needed more time to establish suckling and swimming routines. After the 3rd month, interactions with the mother (flipper-rub, rest together, social play, and calf watches mother) were significantly more frequent in the female calf, whereas interactions with the calves’ father (swim together, rest together, and social play) were significantly more frequent in the male calf. The calves showed high rates of object play and social play. They seemed to modify their type of play according to the opportunities they were offered. A mentally stimulating object was preferred to simpler toys. The knowledge of the details of mother-calf behavior helps to develop appropriate breeding conditions that are vital for the survival and well-being of captive dolphin calves.

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