Women's Leadership in International Politics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Domett
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Group Interests

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the number of women with leadership positions in national governments increased considerably. In 2006 alone, a woman became the head of government in Chile, South Korea, Liberia, and Jamaica. However, the question of how women differ from men in terms of leadership style and policy preferences has emerged as a subject of intense debate. Scholars have produced a substantial amount of work that addresses gender differences in political leadership, and particularly leadership in global politics. Many studies focus on women’s access to the upper echelons of political power, what women representatives bring to politics that is different, and how far and in what ways women politicians and legislators have different policy preferences to those of their male counterparts. More specifically, these studies explore whether women’s political representation helps advance women’s group interests. Within political science, there has been limited research regarding the systematic elements of leadership in politics, and especially the role that gender identity plays in the exercise of global political leadership. Future research should address these gaps, along with other questions such as what women leaders actually do with that power once they get there; whether women’s leadership indeed makes a difference for peace or for women’s group interests; and the political outcomes of women’s leadership.

Gender and political leadership: Turkish experience

Leadership ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Inal
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Political Scene

Women’s political leadership has been ignored both in actual political scene of world’s democracies and by the studies of political leadership. The common perception in both areas has long been that gender difference makes women unfit leaders. More recent studies of gender and leadership as well as various women politicians, on the other hand, emphasized women’s fitness for leadership due to their gendered characteristics. This paper argues that using gender as a determining factor for good or bad political leadership endangers future leadership opportunities for women. An exploration of the experience of Turkey in the 1990s with a woman political leader, Tansu Çiller, and her leadership style in relation to her gender, demonstrates that while gender stereotypes make women’s political leadership to be perceived as ineffective, any argument that is made in its favor in gendered terms faces the risk of being refuted by actual experience hence delegitimizing women’s leadership altogether. Using Crosby and Bryson’s leadership model as an analytical framework to dissect Çiller’s political and ethical leadership and her use of gender in the Turkish context, we can see that gender itself does not make a leader more democratic or ethical and arguing so works against potential women leaders.

scholarly journals Deliberative Political Leaders: The Role of Policy Input in Political Leadership

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
New Model ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
The Uk

This article provides a fresh perspective on political leadership by demonstrating that government ministers take a deliberative approach to decision making. Getting behind the closed doors of government through 51 elite interviews in the UK, US, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, the article demonstrates that modern political leadership is much more collaborative than we usually see from media and public critique. Politicians are commonly perceived to be power-hungry autocratic, elite figures who once they have won power seek to implement their vision. But as previous research has noted, not only is formal power circumscribed by the media, public opinion, and unpredictability of government, more collaborative approaches to leadership are needed given the rise of wicked problems and citizens increasingly demand more say in government decisions and policy making. This article shows that politicians are responding to their challenging environment by accepting they do not know everything and cannot do everything by themselves, and moving towards a leadership style that incorporates public input. It puts forward a new model of Deliberative Political Leadership, where politicians consider input from inside and outside government from a diverse range of sources, evaluate the relative quality of such input, and integrate it into their deliberations on the best way forward before making their final decision. This rare insight into politician’s perspectives provides a refreshing view of governmental leadership in practice and new model for future research.

İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİCİLERİNİN LİDERLİK TARZI, YARATICI PROBLEM ÇÖZME KAPASİTESİ VE KARİYER TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin YILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is the creative problem-solving capacity of the organization with leadership behaviors of human resources managers and employees to examine the relationship between career satisfaction and is tested empirically. Research within the scope of the required data structured questionnaire method, operating in the province of Aydin was obtained from 130 employees working in five star hotels. Democratic leadership style according to the factor analysis, easygoing, participants converter, and releasing autocratic leadership dimensions were determined. According to the analysis, the dependent variable with a significant level of research and positive leadership style has been determined that no relationships. Regression analysis revealed that the leadership of the relationship with the creative problem-solving capacity of democratic leadership in style when found to be stronger than other leadership styles, while the variable describing the career of the employee satisfaction level of the maximum it was concluded that the creative problem-solving capacity of the organization. Research in the context of human resources on the very important for organizations, leadership behavior, creative problem-solving capacity and career satisfaction studies analyzing the relationships between variables it seems to be quite limited. The discovery by analyzing the relationship between the aforementioned variables, can make significant contributions to knowledge in the literature and are expected to form the basis for future research.

scholarly journals Soft Law Engagements and Hard Law Preferences: Comparing EU Lobbying Positions between UN Global Compact Signatory Firms and Other Interest Group Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Onna van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Un Global Compact ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gone “mainstream,” the relationship between CSR and corporate political activities (CPA) has received little scholarly attention. This is problematic because firms potentially have a more sizable impact through their lobbying activities for socially and environmentally beneficial (or unbeneficial) public policies than through their own operations. This paper investigates if, and how, UN Global Compact signatory firms differ in their policy preferences on key EU proposals compared to other interest groups. To capture state-of-the-art data on firms’ policy preferences, I draw from the INTEREURO database, which includes firms’ lobbying positions on forty-three directives and twenty-seven regulations covering 112 public policy issues in the European Union. Statistical results show that Global Compact signatory firms significantly lobby for stricter regulation than non-signatory firms and industry associations, however, their positions are still lower than nonbusiness groups. These results are similar across various public policy issues and suggest that the regulatory preferences of firms’ participating in soft law CSR initiatives are more aligned with stakeholders' interests. This paper contributes to public policy literature exploring the relationship between hard and soft law as well as literature studying the political representation of divergent interest.

Features of foreign policy birds: Israeli prime ministers as hawks and doves

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baris Kesgin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Leadership Approaches

Scholars and policymakers have long used the shorthand of hawks and doves to characterize leader personalities that correspond to a particular political inclination, whereby hawks are considered right-wing and more aggressive in foreign policy, and doves are left-wing and more peaceful. This article posits that a sound discussion of who hawks and doves in foreign policy are requires an engagement with research on political leadership. It promises a less superficial understanding of the dichotomy of hawks and doves, and uses leadership trait analysis to explore hawkish and dovish leaders’ qualities. The article profiles Israel’s prime ministers since the end of the Cold War, where in a high security environment, these words are most often used to describe its domestic and foreign matters and its cooperative and conflictual actions. This article’s findings encourage an unpacking of these commonly used shorthand labels with political leadership approaches. They are also useful to highlight, most notably, the significance of complexity and distrust in understanding hawkish and dovish leaders. Hawks think simpler and are more doubtful of others than doves, this article finds. Future research, the article suggests, will benefit from looking deeper than simple, dichotomous use of this analogy, and exploring ways to operationalize individual-level measurements of hawks and doves in foreign policy.

Racial and Political Dynamics of an Approaching “Majority-Minority” United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 677 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Craig ◽  
Julian M. Rucker ◽  
Jennifer A. Richeson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Projected Changes

Do demographic shifts in the racial composition of the United States promote positive changes in the nation’s racial dynamics? Change in response to the nation’s growing diversity is likely, but its direction and scope are less clear. This review integrates emerging social-scientific research that examines how Americans are responding to the projected changes in the racial/ethnic demographics of the United States. Specifically, we review recent empirical research that examines how exposure to information that the United States is becoming a “majority-minority” nation affects racial attitudes and several political outcomes (e.g., ideology, policy preferences), and the psychological mechanisms that give rise to those attitudes. We focus primarily on the reactions of members of the current dominant racial group (i.e., white Americans). We then consider important implications of these findings and propose essential questions for future research.

Why does global democracy not inspire explanatory research? Removing conceptual obstacles toward a new research agenda

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Hans Agné
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Explanatory Theory ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Global Democracy ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Democratic Practices ◽  
New Research

Democratic practices exist in politics within and beyond individual states. To date, however, it is only the democratic practices within states that have been analyzed in search for causal explanations of political outcomes, for example, peace and human rights protection. Having established the problematic nature of this situation, the purpose of this article is to explain why the situation emerges in political science and then to suggest a strategy to overcome it. The lack of attention to global democracy, or democracy beyond the state more generally, in explanatory theory is suggested to depend on prevalent but unnecessary conceptual delimitations of democracy which contradict standard assumptions about international politics. Those contradictions can be avoided, however, by defining democracy as rule by the largest group. It is argued that the concept of rule by the largest group, while protecting traditional virtues of democracy such as freedom and equality of individual persons in politics, allows scholars to describe a wider range of international practices than have been available for empirical research based on the dominating conceptions of democracy in normative and empirical literatures. Most fundamentally, it frees future research on the effects of democracy beyond the state from a key risk of self-contradiction.

scholarly journals A Multi-Methodological Analysis of a Non-Clinical Healthcare Executive and Servant Leader: Attributes and Behaviour’s and their Associations with Reporting Relationships and Business Structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Dr. Harold Ray Griffin* ◽  
Ms. Dana Foster
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Servant Leader ◽  
Servant Leaders ◽  
Nonparametric Testing ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Reporting Relationships

A multi-methodological approach was used to examine the personal and professional life of a well-respected, nonclinical, healthcare executive for purposes of determining if “Don” was a servant leader and, if so, uncover the antecedents contributing to his leadership style. The results provided the backdrop for examining linkages between servant leadership, reporting relationships, and business structures. Content analysis and Spears’ 10 constructs of servant leaders were used as a priori themes to affirm that Don is a servant leader. Nonparametric testing revealed moderate to strong associations between the reporting relationships of the respondents (x1) and the types of business structures (x2) where the respondents and our servant leader forged their initial relationship and the perceived behaviors and attributes of Don (y). We discovered that relationships, spiritual centeredness, and desire for career advancement served as antecedents in shaping Don’s leadership style. Implications for practice and future research are also addressed.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1044-1095
Author(s):  
Can ERERDİ ◽  
Esra ÜNLÜASLAN DURGUN
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Leadership Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
And Performance

In the last few years, due to the surge in the attention towards leadership and the lack of a review mapping the effects of leadership on organizational performance, we believe its coherent to provide a clear review on leadership and how it affects organizational performance. This paper aims to review empirical studies on leadership and organizational performance with the aim of constructing a comprehensive model to conceptualize existing literature. The authors reviewed main journals with impact factor of over 2 and all Leadership titled SSCI journals. As a result, 687 studies published between 1957 and 2017 were analyzed, out of which 486 met the criteria of being empirical studies on leadership and performance. Out of the 486, 20 articles used Organizational Performance as their dependent variable, thus were included in our model. In doing so, the authors aim to extend the field in three ways: First, based on their review, the authors mapped a comprehensive model of the effects of leadership style and leadership characteristics through moderators and organizational mediators on organizational performance. Second, the authors, through vigorous examination, display and evaluate existing variables and measures on leadership and organizational performance within the literature. Finally, the authors aim to contribute to the field by presenting a detailed future research agenda and practical considerations for managerial implications.

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