Association of Inflammation With Markers of Atherogenicity in Subjects With New-Onset Atria Fibrillation in a Nigerian Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S80-S80
Author(s):  
Constance Nwadike ◽  
Amarachi Nwakamma ◽  
Harrison Nwanjo ◽  
Denis Nwosu ◽  
Roy Ezekwe

Abstract Objectives The evidence supporting the role of circulating markers of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atria fibrillation remains controversial. This study investigated the levels of serum lipids, C-reactive proteins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prothrombin time, and platelet count in subjects with new-onset atria fibrillation (NAF), but with no established cardiac disease, in a Nigerian community. Methods The case control study involved a total of 200 subjects: 110 subjects with NAF and 90 apparently healthy subjects without AF, as control. AF was confirmed by a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), while excluding subjects with high risk. Blood samples from the subjects were analyzed for the following parameters: C-reactive proteins using ELISA method and serum lipids using an enzymatic, colorimetric method; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, by Westergreen method; platelet count using a Midray hematology auto analyzer; and the prothrombin time using a tissue thromboplastin method. Data collected from the result were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results There was a significant increase in the levels of C-reactive proteins and ESR in subjects with NAF when compared with the control subjects. A significant increase was observed in the mean values of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in subjects with NAF, while that of high-density lipoproteins was lower in NAF than in controls. There was no significant difference in the mean values of triglyceride in NAF and the control. Results also showed significantly reduced prothrombin time, with more platelet count in subjects with NAF. The result demonstrated that females (56.3%) had greater risk of developing AF than males (45.8%), while incidence of AF was observed to increase with age. Conclusion The results of the markers assayed suggest marked dyslipidemia, inflammation, and thrombogenesis in subjects with new-onset AF. Hence dyslipidemia and inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atria fibrillation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Iyevhobu Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe ◽  
Amaechi R. A. ◽  
Turay A. A. ◽  
Okobi T. J. ◽  
Usoro E. R. ◽  
...  

An estimated 50,000 Nigerian women die each year from complications of pregnancy and childbirth, accounting for 10% of global estimates of pregnancy maternal death with about 2% resulting from drug induction. This cross-sectional study sets out to evaluate the Prothrombin time test (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time test (aPTT) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and Platelet count (PC) of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Oredo Health Centre in Benin City, Edo State. A total number of 130 subjects comprising 100 pregnant women and 30 non-pregnant women were recruited for the study. Prothrombin time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Platelet count and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) were studied using standard manual methods. The prothrombin time (sec) of the pregnant women 1st trimester (19.12±0.77b), 2nd trimester (19.90±1.02 b) and 3rd trimester (19.66±0.56 b), activated partial thromboplastin time (sec) 1st trimester (44.02±1.17 b), 2nd trimester (47.72±1.47 b) and 3rd trimester (45.88±1.10b), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hr) 1st trimester (24.37±3.04 a), 2nd trimester (37.83±4.53 a) and 3rd trimester (43.25±5.24 a) and platelet count (X109/L) 1st trimester (248.29±23.18a), 2nd trimester (236.33±13.84 b) and 3rd trimester (239.10±16.07 a) were significantly higher than the prothrombin time (sec) 16.48±0.81 a, activated partial thromboplastin time (sec) 36.53±1.42 a, ESR (mm/hr) 29.83±4.14 a and platelet count (X109/L) 201±9.54 an of the non-pregnant women (p<0.05). The ESR (mm/hr) of the 3rd trimester (43.25±5.24) was observed to be significantly higher than that of the 1st trimester (24.37±3.04) and 2nd trimester (37.83±4.53) (p<0.05). Our investigation showed that antibiotics in pregnancy have a deleterious effect on PT, ESR, APTT and PC studied. We recommend that pregnant women should be given due attention throughout the course and events of pregnancy to prevent or reduce the risk of thrombotic episodes and possible disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with resultant better maternity/child safety and health outcome and educated on the effects of antibiotics to pregnancy.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Salehzadeh ◽  
Ahmadvand Noshin ◽  
Sepideh Jahangiri

Background. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a valuable laboratory tool in evaluation of infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Red blood cells in outside from the body precipitate due to their higher density than the plasma. In this study we discuss the IVIG effect on ESR in different diseases and different ages.Methods and Materials. Fifty patients under 12 years old who had indication to receive IVIG enrolled in this study. Total dose of IVIG was 2 gr/kg (400 mg/kg in five days or 2 gr/kg in single dose). ESR before infusion of IVIG and within 24 hours after administration of the last dose of IVIG was checked.Results. 23 (46%) patients were males and 27 (54%) were females. The mean of ESR before IVIG was31.8±29.04and after IVIG it was47.2±36.9; this difference was meaningful(P=0.05). Results of ESR changes in different age groups, 6 patients less than 28 days, 13 patients from 1 month to 1 year, 20 patients from 1 to 6 years old, and 11 patients from 6 to 12 years have been meaningful (P=0.001,P=0.025, andP=0.006, resp.).Conclusion. In patients who are receiving IVIG as a therapy, ESR increased falsely (noninflammatory rising); therefore use of ESR for monitoring of response to treatment may be unreliable. Although these results do not apply to neonatal group, we suggest that, in patients who received IVIG, interpretation of ESR should be used cautiously on followup.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was comparing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) results of trisodium citrate (TSC) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulants. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar specialized referral hospital, northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB presumptive participants were recruited. From each of the 70 participants of the study, 3 and 1.6 ml of blood was collected in EDTA tubes and 0.4 ml of trisodium Citrate anticoagulant containing test tubes, respectively. Results: The mean ± SD values of ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 mm/hr in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 mm/hr in TSC anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and TSC blood (6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr) was statistically significant. The Mean ± SD of ESR values using EDTA and TSC in males were 59.57 ± 42.31 and 53.57 ± 44.61 mm/hr while for females it was 54.71±40.44 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr, respectively. The study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants. Keywords: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, EDTA, Tri-sodium citrate, Westergren Method, Comparison


Author(s):  
А.А. Шабалина ◽  
Е.В. Ройтман ◽  
М.М. Танашян

Введение. Метод Борна стал золотым стандартом тромбоцитарной агрегометрии вполне заслуженно: он исторически был разработан первым, первым же вошел в клиническую практику и за счет этого приобрел самую обширную доказательную базу. Имеющиеся сведения наглядно демонстрируют его достоинства и недостатки. Метод Platelet Function Analysis (PFA) был разработан значительно позднее, но во многом в ответ на ограничения метода Борна и в соответствии с клиническим требованием иметь в практике pointofcare метод оценки агрегационной активности тромбоцитов. Особенностью PFA является оценка агрегационного ответа тромбоцитов текущей (это важно) цельной крови в условиях имитации повреждения сосудистой стенки мелких сосудов. Цель исследования: изучить соответствие результатов теста PFA данным, получаемым с помощью золотого стандарта агрегатометрии по Борну, а также определить причины и диагностическое значение расхождений. Материалы и методы. Обследован 51 пациент (28 мужчин и 23 женщины) с хронической цереброваскулярной патологией. Из них 35 человек получали per os препараты ацетилсалициловой кислоты (АСК) в дозе 100 150 мг/сут (группа 1), а 16 пациентов клопидогрел в дозе 75 мг/сут (группа 2). Кроме того, 20 человек, получавших АСК, были обследованы дважды: до начала приема и через 14 дней. Все пациенты были обследованы по следующим показателям: концентрация гемоглобина, количество тромбоцитов, скорость оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ), содержание общего белка, глюкозы, триглицеридов и общего холестерина. Также определяли коагулологические показатели: активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время, протромбиновое время с расчетом международного нормализованного отношения, уровень фибриногена и концентрацию Ддимера методом латексных частиц с высоко специфичными моноклональными антителами к Ддимеру на автоматическом коагулометре ACL ElitePro (США) с использованием наборов реагентов фирмы Instrumentation Laboratory (США). Результаты. Группы оказались практически одинаковыми по возрасту, наличию и выраженности фонового воспалительного процесса и состоянию системы гемостаза. Оценка агрегации тромбоцитов в ответ на АДФ и адреналин у пациентов до начала приема АСК в дозе 150 мг/сут и через 2 нед не выявила противоречивых данных и показала, что оба метода отчетливо регистрируют ее угнетение. На фоне приема АСК результаты агрегометрии тромбоцитов обоими методами с индуктором АДФ совпали с коэффициентом корреляции r 0,74 (p 0,05), с индуктором адреналин с коэффициентом r 0,63 (p 0,05). На фоне приема клопидогрела результаты АДФиндуцированной агрегометрии, полученные обоими метода ми, совпадали с большим коэффициентом корреляции: r 0,82 (p 0,05), адреналининдуцированной агрегации r 0,88 (p 0,05). Корреляционный анализ выявил зависимость результатов, получаемых каждым методом на фоне приема АСК или клопидогрела, от следующих параметров: возраст, концентрация фибриногена, количество тромбоцитов и СОЭ, что в большей степени проявилось для PFA. Заключение. Очевидно, что метод Борна показывает лишь то, насколько тромбоциты в целом чувствительны к действию ингибитора агрегации, тогда как метод PFA демонстрирует реальную картину образования сгустка на фоне всех имеющихся условий, т.е. как результат всего многообразия взаимодействий тромбоцитов per se в цельной крови. Другими словами, метод PFA отражает общий уровень тромбогенности, которая, в свою очередь, очевидно является причиной так называемой резистентности к антиагрегантам, нередко наблюдаемой у данной категории больных. Introduction. Borns method became the gold standard of platelet aggregometry because it has been developed historically the first. On today it has the most extensive evidence base showing clearly its advantages and disadvantages. The Platelet Function Analysis (PFA) is a method developed much later as a response to the limitations of the Borns method in order to have a pointofcare platelet aggregometry in practice. The main feature of PFA is the evaluation of platelet aggregation occurring in flowing whole blood under conditions simulating vascular wall damage. Aim: to study the compliance between PFA test results and the data obtained by Borns aggregatometry as well as to determine the causes and diagnostic value of their discrepancies. Materials and methods. The study included 51 patients (28 men and 23 women) with chronic cerebrovascular pathology, from them 35 were intaking acetylsalicylic acid, ASA (100 150 mg/day per os, group 1), and clopidogrel in 16 patients (75 mg/day per os, group 2). In addition, 20 patients with ASA were examined twice as before as well as in 14 days. Lab testing included hemoglobin, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total protein, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time as international normalized ratio, fibrinogen and Ddimer with using of ACL ElitePro coagulometer and reagents kits by Instrumentation Laboratory (USA). Results. The groups were appeared almost identical in age, the severity of the background inflammatory and the clotting conditions. Both methods have registered clearly platelet aggregation inhibition in 2 weeks of ASA administration both in response to ADP and to epinephrine, and no any disagreements was found between the methods. By ASA administration the ADPinduced aggregations from Borns method and PFA showed the correlation r 0.74 (p 0.05), the epinephrininduced aggregations have coincided with r 0.63 (p 0.05). In cases with clopidogrel we found large correlation coefficients as r 0.82 (p 0.05) and r 0.88 (p 0.05) between ADPinduced aggregations and between epinephrininduced aggregations, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that the results obtained by each method were closely related to parameters such as age, fibrinogen, platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and that was more evident for PFA. Conclusion. Obviously, the Borns method shows only how platelets are sensitive generally to the antiaggregation agents, whereas the PFA method plots a real picture of clot formation against all available conditions, i.e. as a result of the whole variety of platelet interactions per se in whole flowing blood. It does mean the PFA method reflects the overall level of thrombogenicity. In turn that is obviously the cause of the socalled resistance to antiplatelets observed often in such category of patients.


Author(s):  
Sruthy Raphel

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the rate at which RBC sediment in a period of 1 hr. It is a common Haematology test that is a non-specific measure of inflammation and it became a common screening test worldwide for acute phase proteins and chronic diseases. The International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) recommended the Westergren method as the method of choice for ESR determination. TSC is almost exclusively used as the diluent of choice for setting up ESR, but some contemporary laboratories have resolved to use Normal saline (NS) as the diluent of choice while other set ESR using EDTA anticoagulated Blood (BLD) without any diluent. The objective of this study is to assess the comparison between saline diluted and undiluted EDTA with TSC as an anticoagulant in ESR detection and to find out any gender wise variations by using these anticoagulants. A total of 50 students were participated in this study. From each of the participants 5 ml of BLD was collected and it is then divided into 3 parts. 1.6 ml BLD to 0.4ml 3.8% TSC tube, 1.6 ml EDTA blood to 0.4 ml NS tube. 3rd tube with 2 ml EDTA BLD and set for ESR and obtained result within 1 hour. The Result is the mean +SD value of ESR were 19.48+5.7 mm/hr. in undiluted EDTA, 15.22+4.6 mm/hr. in saline diluted EDTA & 15.36+4.5 mm/hr. in TSC. The mean difference of ESR value between saline diluted EDTA with TSC BLD was 0 and it with undiluted EDTA was 4 mm /hr. The study indicates that there was a significant difference between ESR value with undiluted EDTA and TSC while diluted EDTA and TSC were there is no significant difference. The mean +SD of ESR value using undiluted, diluted EDTA and TSC in males were 16.20+3.3, 11.05+2.8, 11.29+2.6 and while it for females were 21.69+5.2, 17.36+3.8, 17.45+3.8 respectively. In conclusion, TSC is the best diluent to be used in contemporary lab to set ESR as compared to EDTA BLD. But we can use saline diluted EDTA as an alternative to citrate diluted BLD to set ESR and it also showed there is a gender wise variation in ESR using these anticoagulants.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate results of sodium citrate and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid anticoagulant. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB suspected study participants were recruited. From each study participants, 3ml blood was collected in to EDTA tube and 1.6ml blood was collected in to a test tube containing 0.4ml Sodium Citrate anticoagulant. Results: The mean ± SD values for ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 in citrate anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and citrated blood was 6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr with a significant difference. The mean ± SD of ESR for EDTA and citrate blood was 59.57 ± 42.31 and 54.71 ± 40.44 mm/hr for males and 53.57 ± 44.61 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr for females, respectively. This study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was comparing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) results of trisodium citrate (TSC) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulants. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar specialized referral hospital, northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB presumptive participants were recruited. From each of the 70 participants of the study, 3 and 1.6 ml of blood was collected in EDTA tubes and 0.4 ml of trisodium Citrate anticoagulant containing test tubes, respectively. Results: The mean ± SD values of ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 mm/hr in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 mm/hr in TSC anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and TSC blood (6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr) was statistically significant. The Mean ± SD of ESR values using EDTA and TSC in males were 59.57 ± 42.31 and 53.57 ± 44.61 mm/hr while for females it was 54.71±40.44 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr, respectively. The study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants. Keywords: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, EDTA, Tri-sodium citrate, Westergren Method, Comparison


2020 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
K. A. Kryvonos ◽  
V. S. Maslova ◽  
V. M. Sharapov ◽  
S. M. Vorobyov

Currently, the epidemic situation regarding the incidence of coronavirus infection COVID−19 in Ukraine continues to be tense. In order to in−depth study of the problem of clinical features, treatment and prevention of this disease, as well as the development of a mathematical model for predicting the severity of its course, 30 patients aged 18 to 85 years were examined. Among the patients there were young and middle−aged people as well as elderly patients with chronic diseases, namely obesity, hypertension, diabetes. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was confirmed in all the patients by molecular genetic method, i.e. SARS−CoV−2 RNA was isolated, and in 10 patients − IgM + IgG to SARS was determined by immunochromatographic analysis. With COVID−19, young and middle−aged patients have a fairly mild course with a decrease in platelet count by 7 %, erythrocyte sedimentation rate by 48 %, prothrombin by 14 % and D−dimer by 31 %. The construction of regression equations based on trend lines revealed that in elderly patients after treatment there was a further decrease in the level of D−dimer (20 %), an increase in platelet count (30 %), a decrease in white blood cell count (26 %), neutrophils (38 %), increase in lymphocyte levels by 3 times, decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (by 10 %) and prothrombin parameters (by 15 %). Based on cluster and regression analysis, coefficients were calculated for each prognostic function. It was found that the linear dependence and statistically significant effect on the course of COVID−19 in all patients have leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and D−dimer. In order to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection in Ukraine COVID−19 in this March, quarantine was introduced throughout the country, which is being extended to this day. There is no doubt about the importance of recommendations for improving anti−epidemic measures to prevent coronavirus infection throughout Ukraine. Key words: coronavirus infection, COVID−19, clinical blood counts, disease prognosis, anti−epidemic measures in Ukraine.


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