Effect of Continuing or Stopping Smoking during Pregnancy on Infant Birth Weight, Crown-Heel Length, Head Circumference, Ponderal Index, and Brain:Body Weight Ratio

Sixty-three term newborn infants with fetal growth retardation were evaluated within three days of birth. They were classified by length and head circumference. In group 1, both length and head circumference were less than the tenth percentile; in group 2, either length or head circumference was less than the tenth percentile; and in group 3, both length and head circumference were greater than the tenth percentile. Ponderal index (weight/length ratio), anterior fontanel size, and amount of epiphyseal ossification were also determined. Significantly lower birth weights and decreased ossification were found when groups 1 or 2 were compared separately with group 3. These differences were most marked when the weight/length ratio was less than 2.25. When the ponderal index was less than 2.0, epiphyseal ossification was usually absent (suggesting a chronic process). Epiphyseal ossification was positively correlated with birth weight and length but was unrelated to anterior fontanel size. Ossification was more often absent in males than in females. There was a negative (inverse) correlation between birth weight and anterior fontanel size. Follow-up of 32 of these infants at age 1 year showed marked individual variations, but there were significant differences in incremental linear growth between groups 1 and 3, a finding which supports results of animal studies showing that catch-up growth may be related to skeletal immaturity. Physical measurements at birth in the individual baby with fetal growth retardation do not reliably predict subsequent growth.

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No Effect on Infant Birth Weight and Head Circumference After Exposure to Interferon Beta Prior to Or During Pregnancy: A Register-Based Cohort Study in Finland and Sweden Among Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.msard.2019.11.066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 101591

Author(s):

Pia Vattulainen ◽

Sarah Burkill ◽

Yvonne Geissbuehler ◽

Meritxell Sabidó ◽

Catrinel Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Interferon Beta ◽

Infant Birth

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Maternal seafood consumption and infant birth weight, length and head circumference in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511003047 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 436-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽

Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir ◽

Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽

Helen Engelstad Kvalem ◽

Jan Alexander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Birth Size ◽

Seafood Consumption ◽

Birth Registry ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Lean Fish ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Infant Birth

Results from previous studies on associations between maternal fish and seafood intakes and fetal growth are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate how maternal intakes of seafood, subtypes of seafood and supplementary n-3 fatty acids were associated with infant birth weight, length and head circumference in a prospective study in Norway. The study population included 62 099 participants in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The mothers answered an FFQ in mid pregnancy. The FFQ comprised detailed questions about intake of various seafood items and n-3 supplements. Data on infant birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry. We used multivariable regression to examine how total seafood, various seafood subtypes and supplementary n-3 intakes were associated with birth size measures. Total seafood intake was positively associated with birth weight and head circumference. Lean fish was positively associated with all birth size measures; shellfish was positively associated with birth weight, while fatty fish was not associated with any birth size measures. Intake of supplementary n-3 was negatively associated with head circumference. The relative risk of giving birth to a small baby ( < 2500 g) in full-term pregnancies was significantly lower in women who consumed >60 g/d of seafood than in women who consumed ≤ 5 g/d (OR = 0·56 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·88). In conclusion, maternal seafood consumption was positively associated with birth size, driven by lean fish intake, while supplementary n-3 intake was negatively associated with infant head circumference.

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Association of body mass index of HIV-1–infected pregnant women and infant birth weight, body mass index, length, and head circumference: the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Study

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.005 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 685-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Letícia S. Cruz ◽

D. Robert Harris ◽

Jennifer S. Read ◽

Marisa M. Mussi-Pinhata ◽

Regina C.M. Succi

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Child Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Human Development ◽

Body Mass ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Site Development ◽

Infant Birth ◽

Hiv 1

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Placental lncRNA expression associated with placental cadmium concentrations and birth weight

Environmental Epigenetics ◽

10.1093/eep/dvaa003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael R Hussey ◽

Amber Burt ◽

Maya A Deyssenroth ◽

Brian P Jackson ◽

Ke Hao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Health Study ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Lncrna Expression ◽

Infant Birth

Abstract Heavy metal exposures, such as cadmium, can have negative effects on infant birth weight (BW)—among other developmental outcomes—with placental dysfunction potentially playing a role in these effects. In this study, we examined how differential placental expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be associated with cadmium levels in placenta and whether differences in the expression of those lncRNAs were associated with fetal growth. In the Rhode Island Child Health Study, we used data from Illumina HiSeq whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (n = 199) to examine association between lncRNA expression and measures of infant BW as well as placental cadmium concentrations controlled for appropriate covariates. Of the 1191 lncRNAs sequenced, 46 demonstrated associations (q < 0.05) with BW in models controlling for infant sex, maternal age, BMI, maternal education, and smoking during pregnancy. Furthermore, four of these transcripts were associated with placental cadmium concentrations, with MIR22HG and ERVH48-1 demonstrating increases in expression associated with increasing cadmium exposure and elevated odds of small for gestational age birth, while AC114763.2 and LINC02595 demonstrated reduced expression associated with cadmium, but elevated odds of large for gestational age birth with increasing expression. We identified relationships between lncRNA expression with both placental cadmium concentrations and BW. This study provides evidence that disrupted placental expression of lncRNAs may be a part of cadmium’s mechanisms of reproductive toxicity.

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Placental Anthropometric Features: Maternal and Neonate Characteristics in North Central Nigeria

Advances in Anatomy ◽

10.1155/2015/790617 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adam Moyosore Afodun ◽

Moyosore Salihu Ajao ◽

Bernard Ufuoma Enaibe

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Placental Weight ◽

North Central ◽

Anthropometric Features ◽

Newborn Weight ◽

Demographic Indices ◽

Racial Factors

The objectives of the study were to determine placental weight as well as factors associated with low placental weight and to determine its impact on some anthropometrical parameters in the newborn. A total of 300 freshly delivered placentas were examined in this longitudinal-prospective study. Sobi Specialist Hospital, Alagbado, Ilorin, and Surulere Medical Centre, Eruda, Ilorin, were used for sample collections. Informed consent was obtained from patients and institutional ethical clearance was obtained from Kwara State Ministry of Health (MOH/KS/ECI/777/82). Semistructured questionnaire was used to gather data on the patients and newborns demographic indices. Analysis of variance, Student’s t-test, regression analysis, and Pearson moment correlation statistical analysis were employed to analyze the data. The mean wet placental weight for normal pregnancies was 529 g (SD = 84.01). Placental weight to birth weight ratio of 1 : 5.83 was generated, 529 g impact on newborn head circumference (mean: male = 35.30 cm, female = 34.90 cm) having a linear correlation. Regression analysis showed negative association between female babies (2.99 kg) placental weight (r=0.369; P≤0.05), birth weight, and cord length (mean = 58.4 cm). Placental weight correlation with male newborn weight (3.14 kg) had placental birth weight ratio of 0.679 between 90th and 10th percentile P<0.05 with head circumference (r=0.473, P<0.05), lower limit placental diameter 22.80 ± 1.76 cm (SD = 4.8), BMI ≤ 19.50, and Apgar score of 7/10. It is concluded that blood holding capacity of the placenta (relative to weight) and the maternal-dietary have influence on placental weight. Differences in hormonal environment in utero and pathologic adaptation of placenta, due to racial factors, significantly contributed to the size of newborn baby.

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Follow-up Study of Physical Growth of Monozygous Twins With Discordant Within-Pair Birth Weights

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.77.3.336 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 336-344

Author(s):

Marie P. Keet ◽

Alina M. Jaroszewicz ◽

Carl J. Lombard

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Ponderal Index ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Catch Up ◽

Monozygous Twins ◽

Future Growth

In an attempt to determine the future growth of intrauterine growth-retarded babies, 14 pairs of monozygous twins, showing within-pair birth weight differences of 11% to 48% (median 28%), were followed prospectively for 3 to 9 years. Weight, length, and head circumference were measured biannually for the first 3 years of life and thereafter annually. At birth, the median within-pair percentage differences of weight (28%), length (6.2%), and head circumference (5.2%) were all significant (P < .01). At 12, 24, and 30 months of age, these median within-pair percentage differences became insignificant for head circumference, length, and weight, respectively. The most rapid catch-up growth of the lighter twins occurred during the first 2 years of life. Analysis of individual pairs, however, showed suboptimal growth in both members of two pairs, although growth became concordant. In four other pairs, the lighter birth weight member remained growth retarded in comparison with the cotwin and showed within-pair differences in weight varying between 8% and 19%, in height between 1% and 6%, and in head circumference between 1.9% and 7%. All children with birth weights above the tenth percentile grew up normally, regardless of the extent of within-pair birth weight differences, with one exception. This exception was a pair in whom there were withinpair differences in child rearing. In the six pairs in which the smaller twin's birth weight was below the tenth percentile, only three pairs showed normal growth. In these six pairs a normal ponderal index in the lighter twin members was associated with poorer growth than a low ponderal index. It is concluded that monozygous twins will grow up normally, despite large within-pair birth weight differences, provided that both twins' birth weights are above the tenth percentile. Should the birth weight of the smaller member be below the tenth percentile, the prognosis has to be guarded, but the ponderal index may prove to be a valuable indicator of future growth.

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Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Smoking During Pregnancy, and Infant Birth Weight

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.11.012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 413-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Michele La Merrill ◽

Cheryl R. Stein ◽

Philip Landrigan ◽

Stephanie M. Engel ◽

David A. Savitz

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Prepregnancy Body Mass Index ◽

Infant Birth

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Term Twins With Discordant Birth Weights: Observations at Birth and One Year

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae twin research ◽

10.1017/s0001566000007662 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 203-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Alistair G. S. Philip

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Ponderal Index ◽

Anterior Fontanel ◽

Normal Limits ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Discordant Twins ◽

One Year ◽

Index Weight

Sixteen pairs of term discordant twins (weight discrepancy of more than 20% when the, lighter twin was compared to the heavier) were evaluated at birth. Weight, length, head circumference, anterior fontanel area, and combined ossification of the knee epiphyses were measured, and ponderal index (weight/length ratio) calculated. The most severely growth retarded infants had markedly decreased ossification and larger anterior fontanels.Eleven pairs had physical measurements at one year of age. With individual exceptions, the lighter twins at birth remained smaller in all dimensions. Despite these persistent differences between twin pairs, the values for length at one year of age were within normal limits for both the heavier and lighter twins. Infants without ossification at birth had a greater incremental linear growth by one year than those infants with ossification.

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