Cerebral Hemorrhage and Alcohol Exposure: A Review

Abstract Aims To investigate the dose–response relationships between alcohol and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the impact of alcohol on the outcome of ICH and possible mechanisms underlying hypertensive ICH (HICH) caused by heavy drinking. Methods Literature search from 1985 to August 2019 in the PubMed database. Results The relationship between low-middle alcohol consumption and ICH remains controversial for various reasons, whereas chronic heavy drinking increases the incidence of ICH and exerts worse outcome. More attention is needed to clarify the characteristics of chronic alcohol intake and binge drinking. Chronic alcohol abuse tends to elevates blood pressure, resulting in increased occurrence of HICH and exaggerated HICH-contributed brain injury. Conclusion It is important to develop strategies to promote reasonable intake categories, prevent alcoholism and thus reduce the risk of ICH.

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Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648811 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (01) ◽

pp. 058-064 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Goya Wannamethee ◽

A Gerald Shaper

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

The Other ◽

The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

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Microbiota Alterations in Precancerous Colon Lesions: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13123061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 3061

Author(s):

Francesca Aprile ◽

Giovanni Bruno ◽

Rossella Palma ◽

Maria Teresa Mascellino ◽

Cristina Panetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Progression ◽

Endoscopic Resection ◽

Causative Role ◽

Health It ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Preventive Role

Gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. It may promote carcinogenesis and is related to several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This study of microbial dysbiosis in the etiology of colorectal adenoma aimed to investigate the possible causative role of microbiota in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence and its possible preventive role. A systematic, PRISMA-guided review was performed. The PubMed database was searched using “adenoma microbiota” and selecting original articles between January 2010 and May 2020 independently screened. A higher prevalence of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was observed in the fecal luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with adenoma. However, other studies provided evidence of depletion of Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides and Romboutsia. Results on the relationship between adenoma endoscopic resection and microbiota were inconsistent. In conclusion, none of the analyzed studies developed a predictive model that could differentiate adenoma from non-adenoma patients, and therefore, to prevent cancer progression. The impact of adenoma’s endoscopic resection on microbiota was investigated, but the results were inconclusive. Further research in the field is required.

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Abstract 17973: Biomass Fuel Use is Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension Status in Puno, Peru

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.17973 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Melissa S Burroughs Pena ◽

Karina Romero ◽

Antonio Bernabe Ortiz ◽

Eric J Velazquez ◽

J. Jaime Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Self Report ◽

Biomass Fuel ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Biomass Fuels ◽

Fuel Use ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background: Household air pollution from biomass fuel use affects 3 billion people worldwide. There are few studies that examine the relationship between biomass fuel use and blood pressure. We sought to determine if daily biomass fuel use was associated with higher blood pressure and increased hypertension in Peru. Methods: We analyzed baseline information from an age- and sex-matched, population-based study in Puno, Peru. Daily biomass fuel use was self-reported. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg; or self-report of diagnosis and anti-hypertensive medications. We used linear and logistic multivariable regressions, adjusting for age, sex, daily cigarette use and body mass index, to examine the relationship between daily biomass fuel use with blood pressure and hypertension, respectively. Results: Data from 1004 individuals (mean age 55.3 years, 51.7% female) were included. There was evidence of an association between daily biomass fuel use and hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.2 to 3.5). Subjects who reported daily use of biomass fuels had 6.0 mmHg (95% CI 4.1 to 8.0) higher SBP and 4.8 mmHg (95%CI 3.5 to 6.0) higher DBP compared to those who did not use biomass fuels daily. In a secondary analysis, we used rural residence (vs. urban) as a proxy of biomass daily use and the relationship with hypertension and systolic blood pressure was similar: a higher odds of hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.1, 95%CI 1.3 to 3.6), and higher SBP (6.7mmHg, 95% CI 4.8 to 8.6) and DBP (5.5 mmHg, 95% CI 4.3 to 6.8) in rural vs. urban participants. Conclusion: Biomass fuel use is associated with increased odds of hypertension and higher blood pressure in Puno, Peru. Reducing exposure to air pollution from biomass fuel use represents a potential opportunity for cardiovascular prevention in rural communities worldwide. Longitudinal studies to evaluate the impact of reducing household air pollution are needed.

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Abstract P334: The Relationship Between Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio And High Blood Pressure: TMM CommCohort Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mana Kogure ◽

Tomohiro Nakamura ◽

Naho Tsuchiya ◽

Takumi Hirata ◽

Akira Narita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High K ◽

Prevention Of Hypertension ◽

The Relationship ◽

Low K

Introduction: Recently, the balance between sodium and potassium intake, i.e. sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio, has received significant attention for prevention of hypertension. Previous studies reported the positive association between urinary Na/K (uNa/K) ratio and hypertension. However, even the same uNa/K ratio value, there might be high Na/ high K ratio or low Na/ low K ratio. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) is higher in high Na/ high K group than that in low Na/ low K group even at the same uNa/K ratio in general population in cross-sectional study. Methods: The subjects were 20 to 74 years old who participated in The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study. Of these participants, we targeted 54,011 subjects (men: 20,505 women: 33,506 mean age: 59.9 years) who had information of BP, urinary Na and K. We estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na and K using Tanaka formula. Urinary Na and K were each classified into quartiles (Na; Q1~Q4, K; Q1~Q4), and set all 16 groups of uNa/K ratio by combining Na and K respectively. To assess the relationship between casual uNa/K ratio and BP, we performed an analysis of covariance to calculate the adjusted mean systolic BP (SBP). We included covariate factors as age, sex, BMI and alcohol intake. We also assessed the relationship between uNa/K ratio and SBP using multiple regression analyses adjusted for covariate factors. We stratified the participants into two groups: ‘under treatment for hypertension’ (n=17,091) and ‘without treatment for hypertension (n=36,920)’. Results: The mean of uNa/K ratio for each group of Na (Q1)/K(Q1), Na (Q2)/K(Q2), Na (Q3)/K(Q3) and Na (Q4)/K(Q4) was all 4.0. As previous report showed, higher uNa/K ratio group showed higher SBP and lower uNa/K group showed lower BP. When we compared adjusted mean SBP of Na (Q1)/K(Q1) and Na (Q4)/K(Q4) the value were comparable, but the value were significantly higher in Na (Q4)/K(Q4) group (The adjusted mean SBP of Na (Q1)/K(Q1), Na (Q2)/K(Q2), Na (Q3)/K(Q3) and Na (Q4)/K(Q4) was 123.6, 124.9, 124.7 and 125.5 mmHg, respectively). The uNa/K was significantly positively associated with SBP independently of age, sex, BMI, and alcohol intake. The finding was unchanged the results in under treatment group. Conclusions: BP was significantly higher in high Na/ high K group than in low Na/ low K group even at the same uNa/K ratio. We suggested that not only increasing K intake but also reducing salt is important for preventing hypertension.

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Child Maltreatment and Physical Victimization: Does Heavy Drinking Mediate the Relationship?

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/1077559517751669 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 234-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kathryn Z. Smith ◽

Philip H. Smith ◽

Lindsay M. Oberleitner ◽

Emily R. Grekin ◽

Sherry A. McKee

Keyword(s):

Child Maltreatment ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Adult Health ◽

Men And Women ◽

Physical Victimization ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Past studies examining the child maltreatment (CM)/victimization pathway have been limited by their focus on sexual victimization, narrow windows of assessment, and failure to examine gender differences. In the current study, we sought to examine (1) the impact of CM on physical victimization (PV) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and (2) the extent to which heavy drinking mediated the relationship between CM and later PV. Using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we found that CM was associated with a 69% greater odds of later PV for both genders, after the inclusion of control variables, and that the risk continued into adulthood. Further, heavy drinking was found to mediate the CM/victimization pathway at Wave I, but not at later waves. When mediation was examined separately for men and women, support for mediation was found for men and women. The current study suggests that CM represents a liability for interpersonal violence for both genders and highlights the importance of looking at victimization across time.

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ALCOHOL INTAKE MODULATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND BODY-MASS INDEX IN LEAN CHINESE

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/00004872-200402001-00008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. S5

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

J. G. Wang ◽

G. L. Wang ◽

Y. S. Qian ◽

P. J. Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship of Alcohol Intake to Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids and Lipoprotein in Men.

Japanese journal of MHTS ◽

10.7143/jhep1985.26.144 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CHIHIRO NISHIMURA

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-223-228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 223-228

Author(s):

Aleksey M. Chaulin ◽

Dmitry V. Duplyakov

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Future Research ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Solar Insolation ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.

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The Inclusion in WADA Prohibited List is not Always Supported by Scientific Evidence: A Narrative Review

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.5812/asjsm.110753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Eduard Bezuglov ◽

Oleg Talibov ◽

Mikhail Butovskiy ◽

Vladimir Khaitin ◽

Evgeny Achkasov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Athletic Performance ◽

Literature Search ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Health Assessments ◽

Wide Availability ◽

The Impact ◽

Sports Activities

Context: Our goal was to review the current literature regarding the ability of substances that have recently been included in the WADA prohibited list (i.e., meldonium, trimetazidine, xenon, and cobalt) or in the monitoring program (i.e., ecdysterone and bemethyl) to enhance performance in athletes or cause adverse effects. Evidence Acquisition: To find out which studies led to the prohibition of the substances mentioned, we searched the PubMed database using keywords including the substances’ or methods’ names, as well as phrases related to various aspects of sports activities and health assessments of athletes. Results: The results obtained during our systematic literature search clearly indicate that there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the impact of several substances prohibited by WADA (i.e., meldonium, trimetazidine, xenon, and cobalt) on athletic performance or on health in athletes. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence that the previously mentioned substances have any performance enhancing potential. If left on the list, meldonium may be classified as a “specified substance” because of its wide availability and due to the fact that this drug that can be easily bought over the counter without a prescription.

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