scholarly journals Imidacloprid (GAUCHO 480) as an Aphicide in Winter Wheat, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-308
Author(s):  
D. E. Bragg ◽  
K. Tetrick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Western Regional

Abstract Plots were seeded by large plot drill on 10 Oct 1996, in a RCBD with 5 replicates per treatment at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 2 rates as a seed treatment insecticide at 0.5 and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt. Lorsban 4 E SG was applied topically by sprayer at 26 d after emergence (DAE) on 7 Nov due to weather conditions prior to that date. An untreated check was established at planting.

Influence of fertilizers on rewintering and productivity of winter wheat of a grade "Kazan 560"

10.12737/3830 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Сабирова ◽  
Razina Sabirova ◽  
Шакиров ◽  
Rafil Shakirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Target Level ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Favorable Weather

The paper discusses the issues of fertilizers effect on germination, plant productivity and overwintering of Kazanskaya 560 variety winter wheat. The results showed that pre-sowing seed treatment by Humate fertilizer “Bioplant Floro” calculated 0.5 liters per ton increases the seed germination to 4-5%, the accumulation of sugars in the tillering nodes of winter wheat to 10-11%, and the safety of overwintering plants to cleaning to 5-10%. The calculated fertilizer norms allow to get close to planned levels of crop during favorable weather conditions. Treating the seeds by “Bioplant Flora”, the yield exceeded the target level (4.1 tons per hectare instead of planned 4 tons per hectare of grain). An application NPK and ammonium nitrate as an ordinal fertilizer at planting provides almost the same level of productivity of the main fertilizers, calculated to produce 3 tons per hectare. It is undesirable to use ammonium nitrate fertilizer on winter wheat as ordinal, especially after steam cleaner with a high nitrogen content. This can reduce its winter hardiness quality. Good results are obtained by using nitrate in the doze 1 centner per hectare in bulk

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy of modern fungicides against fusarium head blight on winter wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
M. Dzham
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Untreated Check

Goal. To study the influence of modern biological and chemical preparations on the development of fungi of the genus Fusariumunder conditions of artificial inoculation. Methods. The efficacy of fungicides was studied in 2018—2019 in the Zhytomyr region, Pulinsky district under the conditions of artificial inoculation on winter wheat of the Bogdan variety. Mixture of conidia of the fusarium fungi (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum) was used for ear inoculation. The plot area was 2 m2 in four replications, the plot placement was randomized. The inoculation of winter wheat ears was carried out at the phase of mass flowering. At the phase of milky-wax maturity, records were taken to determine the spread and development of the disease. The following fungicides were used to protect wheat crops: Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha, Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha, Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha, Alliot 250 EC, 0.5 l/ ha, Bumper Super EC, 1.2 l/ha and mixtures of Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Haupsin 0.2 l/ha, Magnello350 EC, 0.75 l/ha + Fitodoktor, 0.05 kg/ha. Results. The results obtained during the years of investigationsindicate that the used preparations are efficient for the protection of crops from fusarium head blight on winter wheat. However,not all fungicides tested had high enough efficacy. The most effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceumunder conditions of Zhytomyr region were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation (Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha). Efficacy of fungicides used against these pathogens ranged from 69.2% to 75.2%. After fungicide application the weight of 1000 grains increased by 7.3—13.6 g. Significant difference between experimental variants and untreated check on 1000 grain weight was noted. With the use of fungicides, the yield increased by 22.3—24.8%. Conclusions. The analysis of the protection against fusarium head blight convinces the need to apply chemical protection measures when weather conditions are favorable for the development of the disease. In the growing seasons of 2018—2019, under conditions of the Zhytomyr region, the most promising and effective against the pathogens F.graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, F. avenaceum were fungicides Folicur BT EC, 1.2 l/ha, Magnello 350 EC, 1.0 l/ ha and mixtures of fungicide and biological preparation Magnello 350 EC, 0.75 l/ ha + Haupsin, 0.2 l/ha.

scholarly journals Control of Insect Pests on Fall-Seeded Canola, 1997A

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
D. E. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Western Regional ◽  
Sweep Net

Abstract Plots were established in a RCBD with 4 replicates of 20 X 30 ft at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA on 10 Oct. Treatments were made at full bloom with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 20 gpa at 20 psi on 21 May except for Gaucho 75 ST applied as a seed treatment at planting. All sprayed insecticides were buffered to pH 5.0. Treatments were evaluated for pre-treatment count 215 DAE, 7 DAT (222 DAE), 12 DAT (227 DAE), and 25 DAT (250 DAE) by counting the number of CA colonies per m2 (6.6 linear ft of row) with mean number of CA per colony. CSPW counts were made on evaluation dates with 180° sweeps with a 14-inch sweep net. Counts of CSPW exit holes per 100 pods per replicate were made at harvest, and yield data were collected.

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

Influence of pre-sowing seed treatment on frost- and winter resistance of winter wheat after various predecessors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherenkov ◽  
◽  
S.K. Gruzinov ◽  
I.O. Kobos ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed

EFFICIENCY OF USE OF GREEN-TRANSPORT COMPONENTS BY OPERATING AND ENERGY INDICATORS

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
D. Domushchi ◽  
P. Ustuyanov ◽  
Y. Enakiev ◽  
A. Lipin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Harvesting Process

In agriculture, the components of production cycles are likely (stochastic) in nature. This is especially true for harvesting. The duration of this period depends on the weather conditions, the biology of plant development, the variety of culture, the composition of the soil, agro technical techniques, etc. In connection with this, there is a need for scientific and production searches for such forms of organization of the harvesting process that would allow harvesting in short agronomic terms and substantially reduce due to this loss. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the structure and composition of the technology of harvesting and transport complexes for different technologies of harvesting cereal crops by operational and energy indicators to reduce the material and energy costs of harvesting. To calculate the comparative estimation of energy costs of complex fuel and operating costs for different harvesting technologies of winter wheat, four technologies are considered: traditional technology - direct harvesting without straw shredding; traditional technology - separate harvesting; zero technology - the use of harvesting equipment of domestic production; Zero technology - the use of harvesting techniques imported production. For these technologies, according to the methodology of the latest scientific research, technological maps for the harvesting of winter wheat have been developed. A comparative analysis of operational and energy costs of harvesting winter wheat indicated that the least cost is zero technology using domestic production technology, and the most expensive is conventional technology with direct combine harvesting. The presented results of researches of various technologies of grain cereal harvesting according to the structure and composition of equipment of harvesting and transportation complexes indicated that reduction of operational and energy expenses is possible due to increase of productivity, reduction of book value and quantity of harvesting equipment in the composition of harvesting - transport complexes at performance of works in optimal agro technical terms with minimal crop losses.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

scholarly journals Use of polimerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Ewa Solarska ◽  
Magdalena Grudzińska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides ◽  
Chain Reaction

<i>Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides</i> was detected by PCR in winter wheat cultivated in different production systems in 2000 and 2001. In all tested systems only pathotype R of pathogen was detected. Detection of fungus depended on production system and weather conditions. Pathogen was not detected in both tested cultivars only in ecological system but only in season with less favourable conditions for disease development

scholarly journals Sugar accumulation in winter wheat crops depending on the sowing dates

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S. I. Anosov ◽  
A. S. Surnachev ◽  
K. K. Musinov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions

The object of the research was to study the influence of sowing dates on sugar accumulation in different varieties of soft winter wheat. Less winterhardy variety of soft winter wheat Novosibirskaya 2 was compared with more winter-hardy ones Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 40 and Krasnoobskaya ozimaya. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 inthe established experimental plot in the foreststeppe of Priobye, theObregion. The predecessor was bare fallow. The planting dates were August 20, September 1, September 10. Weather conditions of the autumn growing season, during which the accumulation of sugars occurs, differed significantly depending on the year of study and the sowing dates. The warmest conditions were in 2018, whereas the coolest – in 2017. The amount of accumulated sugars varied depending on the growing conditions and genotypic characteristics of varieties. The highest amount of sugars was accumulated by all varieties during the third term of planting, the lowest amount – during the second term. Lower air temperatures contributed to the increase in the amount of sugars, even when the duration of their accumulation period was shortened, which can be explained by a change in carbohydrate balance in crops when the accumulation of sugars is greater than their consumption for crop respiration. The genotype plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of plants. In more winter-hardy varieties (Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 3), the change in the amount of accumulated sugars in contrasting conditions ranged insignificantly (the coefficient of variation was 9.1 and 8.7%, respectively). At the same time, plants of the less winter-hardy variety of Novosibirskaya 2 showed a significantly greater variation in the sugar content under similar conditions (the coefficient of variation 24.7%). Cooler conditions of a later term of sowing contributed to the greatest amount of accumulated sugars. Varietal differences also determined changes in carbohydrate balance.

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