scholarly journals A-256 A Unique Bilingual Phenotype in the Context of Late Onset MELAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1051
Author(s):  
Patino Y ◽  
Diaz-Santos M
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Industrial Engineer ◽  
Visuospatial Skills ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a progressive disease with typical onset before age 40 characterized by eventual neurocognitive deterioration. This case study highlights bilingual-bicultural neuropsychological principles within the Socially Responsible Neuropsychology (SRN) model to illustrate the phenotypic presentation of bilingual late-onset MELAS. Method The case is a 56-year-old, right-handed, bilingual Latino male (L1 Spanish, L2 English) with 16 years of education in his country of origin and 22 years as an industrial engineer in the U.S. At age 52, he was diagnosed with MELAS after an abrupt episode of olfactory hallucinations and dysgraphia in both languages. MRI revealed acute infarcts in the right parietal lobe and left cerebellum. He was referred for neuropsychological assessment 4 years later to evaluate reported neurocognitive decline and deterioration of L2, and to assist in targeted treatment planning. Results The clinical interview revealed significant decline in both receptive and expressive L2 English language capabilities, particularly relative to baseline as an industrial engineer, with relative sparing of L1 Spanish. Consistent with prior acute right hemisphere strokes, the neurocognitive profile also revealed lateralized impairment in visuospatial skills and memory. Notably verbal learning and memory in the mesial temporal system was preserved. Conclusions This case study illustrates how late L2 acquisition can lead to bilateral language representation, altering the phenotype of late-onset MELAS. Application of the SRN model highlights the importance of including background information regarding language acquisition and current language use to illustrate a unique bilingual MELAS phenotype and its impact on language loss and recovery.

scholarly journals Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sang Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji ◽  
Woo Hwang ◽  
Yeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

scholarly journals Hypnotic Metaphor аs a Discursive Mechanism of Speech Influence (a Case Study of Psychological Trainings by Natalia Grace)

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Object Code ◽  
Metaphorical Thinking ◽  
Psychotherapy Session ◽  
Basic Layer ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Linguistics

The article deals with the concept of hypnotic metaphor in psychiatry and linguistics and explores its application in the situation of public teaching discourse. The right-hemisphere mechanisms of perception are considered in order to detect sensory images, represented in the universal object code, since the processes of mastering the facts, which are based on similarity, adjacency, imagery, take place in the right hemisphere. The connection of mirror neurons with metaphorical thinking is assumed. The classification of metaphor types in psychotherapeutic literature is given. The article analyzes the performance of modern speaker-coaches, given as lectures, trainings, conversations and designed to effectively change the emotional mood and categorical constructs of listeners. Otherwise, listeners simply will not buy tickets for these events. It is concluded that modern lecture trainings are a kind of group psychotherapy session. Information is fed in a ‘live stream’ of right-hemisphere mechanisms involving mirror neurons. Coach rhetoric is a system of metaphors that are archetypes of consciousness and are part of the basic layer of the conceptual framework.

scholarly journals Decreases in Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Related to Habituation

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Warach ◽  
Ruben C. Gur ◽  
Raquel E. Gur ◽  
Brett E. Skolnick ◽  
Walter D. Obrist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
The Right

We previously reported decreased mean CBF between consecutive resting conditions, ascribed to habituation. Here we address the regional specificity of habituation over three consecutive flow studies. Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured in 55 adults (12 right-handed men, 12 right-handed women, 14 left-handed men, 17 left-handed women), with the 133Xe inhalation technique, during three conditions: Resting, verbal tasks (analogies), and spatial tasks (line orientation). Changes in rCBF attributable to the cognitive tasks were eliminated by correcting these values to a resting equivalent. There was a progressive decrease in mean rCBF over time, reflecting habituation. This effect differed by region, with specificity at frontal (prefrontal, inferior frontal, midfrontal, superior frontal) and inferior parietal regions. In the inferior parietal region, habituation was more marked in the left than the right hemisphere. Right-handers showed greater habituation than did left-handers. There was no sex difference in global habituation, but males showed greater left whereas females showed greater right hemispheric habituation. The results suggest that habituation to the experimental setting has measurable effects on rCBF, which are differently lateralized for men and women. These effects are superimposed on task activation and are most pronounced in regions that have been implicated in attentional processes. Thus, regional decrement in brain activity related to habituation seems to complement attentional effects, suggesting a neural network for habituation reciprocating that for attention.

scholarly journals Vietnamese Youth Embraces English for Communication: A Case Study in Phu Quoc Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p34
Author(s):  
Faizah, Idrus ◽  
Bakri, Omar ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Right

Rapid changes on the way people travel the world have impacted countries around the globe. In South East Asia for example, with the rapid expansion of visit-a-country campaign exercises, it had affected the lives of people in many different ways. Tourism industry, for example, flourishes in manifolds. It indirectly changes the socioeconomic status of people of various echelons. Vietnam is no exception. The ease of communication has been identified as one of the key factors that attract tourists to places of choice. The issue is now whether Vietnamese, especially their youths are entirely ready to embrace this new wave of transformation. Therefore, the right moves have to be identified so that the number of tourists will multiple in the thousands if not millions. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to explore Vietnamese youths’ acceptance to learning the English language for communication, especially those encircling tourists’ spots with the right forms of communication to welcome the inflow of visitors around their communities. A qualitative design was used in this investigation employing semi-structured interviews, observations, and series of workshop sessions. The findings revealed that without proper curriculum instructions in school, although with passion and motivation, the youth will not be equipped as much as expected. Suggestions for future direction of this investigation are outlined.

scholarly journals Acoustic-level and language-specific processing of native and non-native phonological sequence onsets in the low gamma and theta-frequency bands

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Wagner ◽  
Silvia Ortiz-Mantilla ◽  
Mateusz Rusiniak ◽  
April A. Benasich ◽  
Valerie L. Shafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

AbstractAcoustic structures associated with native-language phonological sequences are enhanced within auditory pathways for perception, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To elucidate processes that facilitate perception, time–frequency (T–F) analyses of EEGs obtained from native speakers of English and Polish were conducted. Participants listened to same and different nonword pairs within counterbalanced attend and passive conditions. Nonwords contained the onsets /pt/, /pət/, /st/, and /sət/ that occur in both the Polish and English languages with the exception of /pt/, which never occurs in the English language in word onset. Measures of spectral power and inter-trial phase locking (ITPL) in the low gamma (LG) and theta-frequency bands were analyzed from two bilateral, auditory source-level channels, created through source localization modeling. Results revealed significantly larger spectral power in LG for the English listeners to the unfamiliar /pt/ onsets from the right hemisphere at early cortical stages, during the passive condition. Further, ITPL values revealed distinctive responses in high and low-theta to acoustic characteristics of the onsets, which were modulated by language exposure. These findings, language-specific processing in LG and acoustic-level and language-specific processing in theta, support the view that multi scale temporal processing in the LG and theta-frequency bands facilitates speech perception.

Mathematics and TMS

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rusconi ◽  
Carlo Umiltà
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Mathematical Cognition ◽  
Mental Number Line ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This article introduces the relationship between mathematical cognition and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The mental number line is located in the parietal lobe. Studies employing TMS have explored issues related to the mental number line. This article reviews the studies centered on the magnitude code. The results show that even though the parietal activation is nearly always present in both hemispheres, it is often asymmetric, being greater in the right hemisphere when quantification of nonverbal and nonsymbolic material is required. Neuropsychological studies confirm the relation between the magnitude code and the parietal lobe. The extent to which number-related processes are number specific, and the extent to which they overlap with other aspects of spatial or magnitude representation, is currently a burgeoning area of research. Current work is aimed to disrupt numerical processes and observe concomitant changes in brain activation.

Intracerebral pneumocephalus and hemiparesis as a complication of a halo vest in a patient with multiple myeloma

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Hashimoto ◽  
Minoru Doita ◽  
Keiichiro Hasuda ◽  
Kazuyoshi Korosue
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Halo Vest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pin Site ◽  
The Right

✓ A halo orthosis is often used to immobilize the cervical spine after severe injury in patients who cannot tolerate surgery. Although complications such as pin loosening or brain abscess have been reported, there are no reported cases of hemiparesis following pneumocephalus associated with halo use. The authors report the case of a 77-year-old man with multiple myeloma who, after undergoing halo vest therapy and chemotherapy, suddenly developed hemiparesis and speech disturbance. Diagnostic neuroimaging demonstrated penetration of the inner table at the right posterior pin site and intracerebral pneumocephalus at the parietal lobe. Intraoperative inspection revealed only air and no purulent materials or cerebrospinal fluid in the cystic lesion. When a halo device is used, attention to detail in pin application, maintenance, and proper pin-site care must be undertaken to minimize complications. The tightening of the pin in cases in which late-onset loosening has occurred should not be performed. Additionally, because late loosening of the pin and pin-site infection increase the risks of complications, a halo vest should be used only as a short-term treatment, and the clinician should be aware of the possible increased risk of serious complications such as pneumocephalus or subdural abscess formation.

Pure alexia without agraphia after a lesion at the right hemisphere: A case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tsapkini ◽  
O. Dimos ◽  
Z. Katsarou
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Pure Alexia ◽  
The Right

Brain activation on fMRI and verbal memory ability: Functional neuroanatomic correlates of CVLT performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
STERLING C. JOHNSON ◽  
ANDREW J. SAYKIN ◽  
LAURA A. FLASHMAN ◽  
THOMAS W. McALLISTER ◽  
MOLLY B. SPARLING
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Novel Words

We have recently reported (Saykin et al., 1999b) selective activation of left medial temporal lobe structures during processing of novel compared to familiar words using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The current study describes the relationship between a widely used clinical test of verbal learning, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), and the previously reported fMRI activations. Thirteen right-handed healthy adult participants were studied with whole brain echo-planar fMRI while listening to novel and recently learned (familiar) words intermixed pseudorandomly in an event-related design. These participants were also tested with the CVLT. Scores for CVLT Trial 1 (immediate encoding of novel words) and recognition discriminability (recognition of familiar vs. novel words) were correlated with fMRI signal change during processing of novel versus familiar words using a covariance model implemented in SPM96. For the novel words analysis, voxels in the right anterior hippocampus correlated significantly with Trial 1 (r = .76 at the maxima). For the recognition analysis, a significant cluster of voxels was found in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r = .88 at the maxima). Our prior results of separable left medial temporal activation to novel and familiar words, together with results of the covariance analyses reported here, suggest that in addition to the left medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions that are engaged during novel and familiar word processing, the right hippocampus and right frontal lobe are also involved, particularly in those participants with better memory ability. This positive relationship between fMRI activation and CVLT performance suggests a role for these right hemisphere regions in successful memory processing of verbal material, perhaps reflecting more efficient encoding and retrieval strategies that facilitate memory. (JINS, 2001, 7, 55–62.)

scholarly journals Children’s pedagogic rights in the web 2.0 era: A case study of a child’s open access interactive travel blog

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Beryl Exley ◽  
Linda-Dianne Willis
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Travel Blog ◽  
The Web

This article examines the web 2.0 blogging experiences of one 8-year-old travel blogger. The research question is centred on ‘What does the interactive function of a web 2.0 blogging experience make available in terms of a child’s pedagogic rights?’ This instrumental case study is made up of 56 written and photographic travel blog posts covering some 11,411 words and 150 photos over 170 days, as well as the 187 replies from external blog participants. Background information about the child, his family and the context of the blogging project is provided via an informal interview with him and his mother. An analytical framework capable of rendering visible what the travel blog project made available in terms of the three pedagogic rights of individual enhancement, the right of social inclusion and the right to political participation is developed and activated. Two core findings emerge. First, in this blogging experience, the pedagogic rights of individual enhancement (80% of posts) and social inclusion (96% of posts) dominated the right to political participation (39% of posts). Second, despite claims that the interactive function of web 2.0 has the potential to boost individualism of meaning-making and action, in this case, the blogging experience did not always manifest itself to capitalise on the transformative potential of this experience for this young child travel blogger.

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