scholarly journals Emotional Control is Predicted by Brain Reward Processing in Athletes with Previous Concussions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-732
Author(s):  
F T Agate ◽  
R E Wong ◽  
I Gordon ◽  
L Webster ◽  
J Karr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History

Abstract Purpose Limited research examines how electrophysiological markers of reward sensitivity in athletes with concussion history may relate to corresponding executive behavior. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited during a reward-processing task, and self-report of emotional control and initiation problems in athletes with and without a history of concussion. Methods A total of 38 collegiate athletes (53% females, ages 18-27 years) completed a reward task in a “virtual T-maze” environment, as well as the BRIEF-A. The reward positivity (RewP), an ERP component associated with reward processing, was regressed on endorsement of emotional control and initiation problems in athletes with a history of concussion (n=16) and in athletes with no concussion history (n=22). Results A multiple regression analysis showed that in the concussion group, RewP peak amplitude explained a significant proportion of variance in emotional control, r2=.36, F(1,13)=6.76, p=.02, but did not for initiation, r2=.05, F(1,13)=.60, p>.05. For athletes with no history of concussion, RewP peak amplitude did not explain a significant proportion of variance in either emotional control, r2=.003, F(1,21)=.05, p>.05, or initiation, r2=.11, F(1,21)=2.49, p=.13. Conclusion Results indicate that for athletes with a history of concussion, a lower electrophysiological response to reward may predict greater problems concerning emotional control. Potential implications are discussed for how decision-making, an integral cognitive process driven by reward processing, might impact emotional regulation following concussion.

The Association between Childhood Adversity and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults with Mood Disorders: Results from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger S. McIntyre ◽  
Joanna K. Soczynska ◽  
Samantha S. Liauw ◽  
Hanna O. Woldeyohannes ◽  
Elisa Brietzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Objective: We sought to determine whether a reported history of childhood adversity is associated with components of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III)-defined metabolic syndrome in adults with mood disorders. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis of adult outpatients ( n = 373; n = 230 female, n = 143 male; mean age [ SD]=42.86 [14.43]) from the International Mood Disorders Collaborative Project (University of Toronto and Cleveland Clinic) with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorder and bipolar I/II disorder. Childhood adversity was measured with the Klein Trauma & Abuse-Neglect self-report scale. The groups with and without childhood adversity were compared to determine possible differences in the rates of metabolic syndrome and its components. Logistic and linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, education, employment status, and smoking were used to evaluate the association between childhood adversity and components of metabolic syndrome. Results: For the full sample, 83 subjects (22.25%) met criteria for metabolic syndrome. Individuals reporting a history of any childhood adversity had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic: p = 0.040; diastolic: p = 0.038). Among subjects with a history of sexual abuse, a significant proportion met criteria for obesity (45.28% vs. 32.88%; p = 0.010); a trend toward overweight was found for subjects with a history of physical abuse (76.32% vs. 63.33%; p = 0.074), although this relationship did not remain significant after adjusting for potential confounders. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of dyslipidemia and/or metabolic syndrome between subjects with and without childhood adversity. Conclusion: The results herein provide preliminary evidence suggesting that childhood adversity is associated with metabolic syndrome components in individuals with mood disorders.

Diagnosed and Nondisclosed Sport-Related Concussion: An Exploratory Comparison Study by ADHD Status in Collegiate Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110154
Author(s):  
Erica Beidler ◽  
Ara J Schmitt ◽  
Michael Matta ◽  
Cassondra Griger
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussive Injuries

Objective: To determine if ADHD status in collegiate athletes was associated with differences in the number of diagnosed and nondisclosed sport-related concussions, and reasons why suspected concussive injuries were not reported. Method: A cross-sectional survey was completed by 858 collegiate athletes (65 with ADHD; 793 without ADHD). The survey included self-report items regarding ADHD status and histories of diagnosed and nondisclosed sport-related concussions. Groups were matched for gender, age, and sport with a ratio of one participant with ADHD to four without ADHD. Results: Collegiate athletes with ADHD reported significantly more diagnosed sport-related concussions and were more likely to have a history of diagnosis compared to those without ADHD. There were no significant differences between groups regarding sport-related concussion nondisclosure history. Conclusion: Collegiate athletes with ADHD have an increased prevalence rate of diagnosed sport-related concussions compared to those without ADHD; however, this developmental disorder may not influence injury nondisclosure decisions.

scholarly journals Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness in Children With Recent Suicidal Ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliona Tsypes ◽  
Max Owens ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Reward Positivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors experience abnormalities in reward-related processes, yet little is known about specific components or stages of reward processing that are impaired, especially in children. The primary aim of this study was to conduct an investigation of the Initial Response to Reward subconstruct of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria in relation to recent suicidal ideation (SI) in children. Participants were 23 children between the ages of 7 and 11 with a history of recent SI and 46 demographically and clinically matched children with no recent SI. Children completed a simple guessing task during which electroencephalographic signals were continuously recorded to isolate the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential; specifically, we examined change in RewP (∆RewP), quantified as the difference between neural responses to monetary gains and neural responses to monetary losses. Children with recent SI exhibited significantly smaller (i.e., blunted) ∆RewP, providing initial evidence for blunted initial responses to reward in these children.

scholarly journals Collegiate Athletes' Concussion Awareness, Understanding, and -Reporting Behaviors in Different Countries With Varying Concussion Publicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Beidler ◽  
Jessica Wallace ◽  
Alia A. Alghwiri ◽  
Siobhan O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Context Concussions are a global public health concern, and education on the importance of self-reporting may not reach all athletes to the same degree around the world. Objective To determine if differences were present in the concussion awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors of collegiate athletes' in 3 countries with varied degrees of concussion publicity. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Collegiate sports medicine clinics. Patients or Other Participants Collegiate athletes in the United States (n = 964; high publicity), Ireland (n = 302; moderate publicity), and Jordan (n = 129; low publicity). The degree of concussion publicity was categorized based on the extent of national public health awareness initiatives, care guidelines, research publications, and mass media coverage. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed a 10- to 15-minute survey on concussion awareness, understanding, and -reporting behaviors. The main outcome measures were concussion education (awareness; 21 options; select all sources of concussion information), concussion knowledge (understanding; maximum score of 49), and diagnosed/nondisclosed concussion history (reporting behaviors; self-report yes/no items). Results A higher proportion of Jordanian athletes reported never having received concussion information previously (73.6%) than Irish (24.2%) or US athletes (9.4%). Knowledge differed among countries (P < .0001, η2 = .28), with US athletes displaying higher total knowledge scores (40.9 ± 4.5) than Jordanian (35.1 ± 5.6) and Irish (32.1 ± 3.5) athletes. A greater percentage of Irish and US athletes reported a history of a diagnosed concussion (31.8% and 29.6%, respectively) and history of concussion nondisclosure (25.2% and 15.5%, respectively) than Jordanian athletes (2.3% and 0.0% for history of a diagnosed concussion and history of concussion nondisclosure, respectively). Conclusions In the United States, where concussion publicity is high, formal legislation exists, and sports medicine resources, concussion awareness and understanding were increased. More culturally appropriate concussion initiatives are needed globally to ensure that athletes around the world can identify concussive injuries and understand the dangers of continued sport participation while concussed.

Exercise is Effortful: Executive Functions Predict Strenuous Exercise in the Past Week

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-731
Author(s):  
R E Wong ◽  
F T Agate ◽  
E C Duggan ◽  
J K Karr ◽  
A D Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Order Four

Abstract Purpose Executive functions (EF) are a dynamic collection of complex cognitive processes governing volitional, goal-directed behaviour. EFs are particularly susceptible to environmental influences such as exercise or concussion. Exercise improves EF but it is unclear if having good EF improves exercise engagement habits. Expanding upon a previously derived higher-order, four-factor screener for executive behaviour problems (Duggan et al., 2018), we extracted a common EF factor using a bifactor structure and examined if self-reported executive difficulties predict weekly engagement in strenuous exercise. We also examined if a history of concussion affects self-ratings of executive difficulties. Methods 197 university students (Mean age=20.46; 79% female) completed the BASC-2-COL and self-report of concussion history and past 7-day exercise habits. An a-priori bifactor model of executive behaviour was established using CFA. Using SEM, the bifactor latent executive function was used to predict past 7-day exercise. Concussion history was used to predict variations in the bifactor executive function. Results Bifactor fit indices were not optimal but generally adequate (CFI=.897; TLI=.868; RMSEA=.037). Latent bifactor EF was predictive of past week strenuous exercise (p=.046). Concussion history was not predictive of EF problems (p=.296). Conclusion Results suggest that latent EF predicts recent strenuous exercise engagement. Baseline EF should be accounted for when examining the positive effects of exercise. Having a history of one or more concussions did not appear to influence current self-report of behavioral EF problems.

scholarly journals Concussion History and Postconcussion Neurocognitive Performance and Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
David Stearne ◽  
Robert Elbin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History

Abstract Context: Athletes are at an inherent risk for sustaining concussions. Research examining the long-term consequences of sport-related concussion has been inconsistent in demonstrating lingering neurocognitive decrements that may be associated with a previous history of concussion. Objective: To determine the relationship between concussion history and postconcussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms in collegiate athletes. Design: Repeated-measures design. Setting: Multi-center analysis of collegiate athletes. Patients or Other Participants: Fifty-seven concussed collegiate athletes (36 without concussion history, 21 with a history of 2 or more concussions). Intervention(s): All subjects were administered an Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) neurocognitive test battery, which measures verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, and visual processing speed and 22 concussion symptoms. Main Outcome Measure(s): Subjects who sustained a concussion were administered 2 follow-up tests at days 1 and 5 postinjury. Independent variables were history of concussion (no history of concussion, 2 or more concussions) and time (baseline, day 1 postconcussion, or day 5 postconcussion). Results: A within-subjects effect (time) on ImPACT performance (P < .001), a between-subjects multivariate effect of group (P < .001), and a group-by-time interaction (P  =  .034) were noted. Athletes with a concussion history performed significantly worse on verbal memory (P  =  .01) and reaction time (P  =  .023) at day 5 postconcussion compared with athletes who did not report a previous concussion. No significant group differences were seen at day 5 postinjury on visual memory (P  =  .167), processing speed (P  =  .179), or total concussion symptoms (P  =  .87). Conclusions: Concussed collegiate athletes with a history of 2 or more concussions took longer to recover verbal memory and reaction time than athletes without a history of concussion.

Socioeconomic Status and Race Outperform Concussion History and Sport Participation in Predicting Collegiate Athlete Baseline Neurocognitive Scores

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zac Houck ◽  
Breton Asken ◽  
James Clugston ◽  
William Perlstein ◽  
Russell Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
African American ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Black African ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
African American Race

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) and other multivariate predictors to baseline neurocognitive functioning in collegiate athletes. Methods: Data were obtained from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) baseline assessments for 403 University of Florida student-athletes (202 males; age range: 18–23) from the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 seasons were analyzed. ImPACT composite scores were consolidated into one memory and one speed composite score. Hierarchical linear regressions were used for analyses. Results: In the overall sample, history of learning disability (β=−0.164; p=.001) and attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (β=−0.102; p=.038) significantly predicted worse memory and speed performance, respectively. Older age predicted better speed performance (β=.176; p<.001). Black/African American race predicted worse memory (β=−0.113; p=.026) and speed performance (β=−.242; p<.001). In football players, higher maternal SES predicted better memory performance (β=0.308; p=.007); older age predicted better speed performance (β=0.346; p=.001); while Black/African American race predicted worse speed performance (β=−0.397; p<.001). Conclusions: Baseline memory and speed scores are significantly influenced by history of neurodevelopmental disorder, age, and race. In football players, specifically, maternal SES independently predicted baseline memory scores, but concussion history and years exposed to sport were not predictive. SES, race, and medical history beyond exposure to brain injury or subclinical brain trauma are important factors when interpreting variability in cognitive scores among collegiate athletes. Additionally, sport-specific differences in the proportional representation of various demographic variables (e.g., SES and race) may also be an important consideration within the broader biopsychosocial attributional model. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–10)

scholarly journals Investigation of Baseline Self-Report Concussion Symptom Scores

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Piland ◽  
Michael S. Ferrara ◽  
Stephen N. Macciocchi ◽  
Steven P. Broglio ◽  
Trenton E. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthopaedic Injury ◽  
History Of

Abstract Context: Self-reported symptoms (SRS) scales comprise one aspect of a multifaceted assessment of sport-related concussion. Obtaining SRS assessments before a concussion occurs assists in determining when the injury is resolved. However, athletes may present with concussion-related symptoms at baseline. Thus, it is important to evaluate such reports to determine if the variables that are common to many athletic environments are influencing them. Objective: To evaluate the influence of a history of concussion, sex, acute fatigue, physical illness, and orthopaedic injury on baseline responses to 2 summative symptom scales; to investigate the psychometric properties of all responses; and to assess the factorial validity of responses to both scales in the absence of influential variables. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Athletic training facilities of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association institutions. Patients or Other Participants: The sample of 1065 was predominately male (n  =  805) collegiate athletes with a mean age of 19.81 ± 1.53 years. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed baseline measures for duration and severity of concussion-related SRS and a brief health questionnaire. Results: At baseline, respondents reporting a previous concussion had higher composite scores on both scales (P ≤ .01), but no sex differences were found for concussion-related symptoms. Acute fatigue, physical illness, and orthopaedic injury increased composite SRS scores on both duration and severity measures (P ≤ .01). Responses to both scales were stable and internally consistent. Confirmatory factor analysis provided strong evidence for the factorial validity of the responses of participants reporting no fatigue, physical illness, or orthopaedic injury on each instrument. Conclusions: A history of concussion, acute fatigue, physical illness, and orthopaedic injury increased baseline SRS scores. These conditions need to be thoroughly investigated and controlled by clinicians before baseline SRS measures are collected.

scholarly journals Association Between Previous Concussion History and Symptom Endorsement During Preseason Baseline Testing in High School and Collegiate Athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Jason P. Mihalik ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Concussion History

Background: A graded symptom checklist is a commonly used concussion evaluation measure. Little is known about pre-season baseline symptomatology of high school and college athletes with and without a previous concussion history. Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis investigated was that those individuals with a concussion history would report more symptoms at baseline testing. The effects of sex and age on symptoms were also examined. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subjects included 8930 high school and collegiate athletes (height, 177.79 ± 9.97 cm; mass, 75.20 ± 19.21 kg; age, 16.60 ± 1.64 years). Subjects completed a self-report graded symptom checklist and concussion history questionnaire during a preseason clinical testing session. Symptoms reported (yes or no) on the 18-item graded symptom checklist served as the dependent variables. Results: A significant association was observed between symptoms on the graded symptom checklist and previous concussion history ( P ≤ .001). No differences were observed between high school and college athletes regarding symptom endorsement (t8928 = 0.620; P = .535). A statistical but not clinically meaningful difference was observed between the means for males and females symptom endorsement (t8928 = −3.03; P = .002): men endorsed 1.88 ± 2.81 symptoms, and women endorsed 2.09 ± 2.90 symptoms. Headache, sleeping more than usual, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness, difficulty remembering, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and irritability were reported by more than 10% of athletes. Conclusion: High school and college athletes with a history of multiple concussions may be at risk for experiencing concussion-linked symptoms well beyond the acute stage of injury. Clinicians should be mindful of previous concussion history in athletes with increased presence of base-rate symptoms as they may be predisposed to future injury.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document