Isolation of purple non-sulfur bacteria from the digestive tract of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoi Koga ◽  
Takumi Yamasaki ◽  
Shuhei Hayashi ◽  
Shinjiro Yamamoto ◽  
Hitoshi Miyasaka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plecoglossus Altivelis ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Kuma River ◽  
Suitable Environment

Abstract Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) reportedly have probiotic effects in fish, but whether they are indigenous in the digestive tract of fish is a question that requires answering. We attempted to isolate PNSB from the digestive tract of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) from the Kuma River (Kumamoto, Japan), and successfully isolated 12 PNSB strains. All the isolated PNSB belonged to the genus Rhodopseudomonas. Five Rhodopseudomonas strains were also isolated from the soil samples collected along the Kuma River. The phylogenetic tree based on the partial sequence of pufLM gene indicated that the PNSB from ayu and soil were similar. The effects of NaCl concentration in growth medium on growth were also compared between the PNSB from ayu and soil. The PNSB from ayu showed a better growth performance at a higher NaCl concentration, suggesting that the intestinal tract of ayu, a euryhaline fish, might provide suitable environment for halophilic microorganisms.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP FED PROBIOTICS Lactobacillus plantarum AND Bacillus spp. IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e652
Author(s):  
Norha Constanza BOLÍVAR-RAMÍREZ ◽  
Ana Clara Chede Pereira SILVA ◽  
Gabriela Soltes FERREIRA ◽  
Walter Quadros SEIFFERT ◽  
Felipe do Nascimento VIEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The present study evaluated the use of the indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and commercial probiotic containing Bacillus spp. in the culture of L. vannamei in a biofloc system. Shrimp were fed with four diets: L. plantarum, Bacillus spp., L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. and feed with no additives. Growth performance, water quality variables and microbiological counting of water and digestive tract of shrimp were determined. The control group and L. plantarum treatment showed better growth performance. The highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the lowest survival were obtained in the L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. treatment, which had significantly higher nitrite values. Vibrio spp. counts in the water were lower in the L. plantarum and L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. treatments and were lower in the intestinal tract in the L. plantarum treatment. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was higher in the L. plantarum treatment in the water and digestive tract. The count of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) deferred only among Bacillus spp. and L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. treatment, being higher in the latter group. In Bacillus spp. treatment, no presence of LAB was detected in the water or intestinal tract. We conclude that the use of L. plantarum combined with Bacillus spp. negatively affected survival, FCR and water quality, but that the use of L. plantarum alone reduced the presence of Vibrio spp., even though it did not change the growth performance of L. vannamei.

scholarly journals 362 Effect of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate adsorbent on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and digestive tract morphology of chicks challenged with T-2 toxin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
Kun-Tan Wu ◽  
Lv-hui Sun ◽  
Jin-Tao Wei ◽  
Ni-Ya Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent ability to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. 96 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 6 birds each. The four groups 1–4 were received the basal diet (BD), BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for 2 weeks. The growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and digestive tract histopathology were analyzed. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion by 11.4–31.8% during d 1–7, d 8–14 and d 1–14. Dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin also decreased (P < 0.05) the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9–16.1% during d 8–14. These alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated or prevented (P < 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation also prevented (P < 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage, such as severe degeneration and desquamation of the villous epithelial cells, congestion in intestinal lamina propria, and edema and thicken in the serosa with infiltration of numerous lymphoid cells, in the gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. Notably, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (P > 0.05) any of those parameters. In conclusion, these findings indicate this novel HSCAS could be used as a promising adsorbent for protecting against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in chicks (This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Projects 2018YFD0500601 and 2016YFD0501207).

scholarly journals Rate of passage of digesta in sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Grovum† ◽  
J. F Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Similar Measurement ◽  
Mathematical Equation ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
The Times ◽  
Limited Usefulness

1. A simple two-compartment physical model was assembled with the aim of simulating passage of marker through the reticulo-rumen, small intestine, and caecum and proximal colon of sheep. Passage of marker through the whole digestive tract and the hind-gut were also simulated with a computer and methods of describing such results were compared.2. The same mathematical equation applied equally well to the passage of a single injection of marker through the model and whole digestive tract of sheep. The magnitude of a rate-constant, reflecting in theory the retention time of marker in the caecum and proximal colon, was accurate for the model but larger than expected for the sheep. Modifications of the model are discussed which might account for the greater complexity in the biological system.3. The average time available for digestion in the entire gut can be described with R or t and that for the intestinal tract distal to the abomasum with Ri or with a similar measurement ti. The magnitudes of these values and of rate-constants and a transit time of marker in the intestines, derived from the concentration curve of marker excretion in faeces, are closely related. The times for peak concentration of marker in faeces, for 5 and 50% excretion and the 80–5 % excretion time were found to be of limited usefulness in describing the results of rate of passage experiments with sheep.

Distribution of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells in the digestive tract of the larval teleost, ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis

2003 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kamisaka ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujii ◽  
Syozo Yamamoto ◽  
Tadahide Kurokawa ◽  
Ivar Rønnestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Plecoglossus Altivelis

scholarly journals How the liver contributes to stomach warming in the endothermic white sharkCarcharodon carcharias

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Bernvi ◽  
Geremy Cliff
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Stomach Volume ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

BackgroundWhite sharks and other lamnids are able to elevate their stomach temperature. The ability to heat large amounts of food to the recorded levels of up to 17°C above the ambient water temperature can’t be explained only by the heat generated by catabolism and the endothermic adaptions of the suprahepatic rete. This rete has two shunts that regulates the volume of blood flowing from the liver to the sinus venosus, thereby providing a temperature control mechanism for the GIT. The liver’s function in this temperature regulation is unknown. White shark stomach volume is well above 135 l in sub-adults to accommodate large prey items, including marine mammals. The simultaneous ingestion of large volumes of cold water during feeding will result in marked cooling of the stomach. Our study investigated the role of the liver in relation to warming the gastro-intestinal tract and the retention of elevated core temperatures.Materials and methodsThe liver morphology and its position relative to the gastro-intestinal tract were investigated in 13 white sharksCarcharodon carcharias. Stomach volume and the thickness of the abdominal wall were also measured to give a comparative estimate of heat insulation by white muscles.ResultsIn all white sharks examined the two liver lobes completely enveloped the entire gastrointestinal tract, with the anterio-ventral margins of the liver almost interlocking around the stomach. A large, conspicuous, flattened vascular system was only present on the inner surfaces of both liver lobes. The thickness of the ventral abdominal body wall is only 12% of that of the dorso-lateral body wall, so the potential for heat loss from the GIT via the belly region is high.ConclusionOur study builds on the findings of other researchers which revealed that the liver and digestive tract receive a major portion of their blood supply through the suprahepatic rete, which is a heat exchanger aimed at retaining metabolic heat generated by the red locomotory muscles. This heat is not only transferred to the stomach via its supply of warm blood but also via thermal conduction from the vessels on the inside of the liver, which envelopes the digestive tract and serves as a large reservoir of venous blood. The liver is rich in lipids, with insulatory properties to retain the heat which would otherwise be rapidly lost through the extremely thin ventral abdominal wall in temperate waters, where white sharks commonly occur. These findings provide insight into the hitherto unknown role played by the liver in the highly elevated stomach temperatures reported, thereby providing this endothermic top predator with enhanced rates of digestion.

scholarly journals Virom of intestinal canal and ulcerative colitis: new facets of interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
G. R. Bikbavova ◽  
M. A. Livzan ◽  
A. A. Zastavnaya
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Canal ◽  
New Treatment

Various lifestyle facts influence on microbial landscape of gut and change variety of microbiota with ulcerative colitis. New technologies of nucleotide sequencing, innovating statistics and bioinformatics grade into presentation about etiology and pathogenesis of some illness, for example ulcerative colitis. Current studies demonstrate that microbiome of gut acquaint with eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses, which make virome of gut and be much part of microbial eco-system of intestinal tract. Number of bacteriophages and viruses escalete in the context of environmental stress so microbiome of the digestive tract disturbed. When we open specific microbiota, which associated with etiology of ulcerative colitis, we will create new treatment modality. Drive of this review is generalization of information about involvement with virome in ulcerative colitis becoming. For searching the literature were use systems PubMed and GoogleScholar with keywords: ulcerative colitis, gut virome, gut microbiome. Nowadays in the literature have limited but necessary information about this question. It requires accumulation scientifi c facts for integrated data.

scholarly journals β-Conglycinin regulates distal intestinal immunity through the CIITA-mediated MHC II-PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂): The ameliorative effects of sodium butyrate (NaB)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yin ◽  
Hongyu Liu ◽  
Beiping Tan ◽  
Xiaohui Dong ◽  
Shuyan Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
High Doses ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background β-Conglycinin (7S) is a strong immunogenic protein that modulates immune responses in the intestines of aquatic animals, whereas sodium butyrate (NaB) may promote growth by protecting the intestinal tract of fish. However, the mechanisms of action of 7S and NaB in these regards have yet to be determined. Results In this study, we investigated the effects of low and high doses of 7S and the ameliorative effects of NaB (based on high-dose 7S) on the growth performance, serum immunity, distal histopathology, and CIITA-mediated MHC II-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The results revealed that the specific growth rate of groupers significantly increased, decreased, and increased in the low-level 7S (bL), high-level 7S (bH) high-level 7S plus NaB (bH-NaB) groups, respectively. The feed coefficient ratio was significantly increased in the bH and bH-NaB groups, whereas serum levels of IgE, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α were upregulated in the bH group, and IgE was upregulated in the bH-NaB group. With respect to distal intestine histopathology, the intestinal diameter/plica height ratio was significantly increased in the bH group. Furthermore, there were increases in nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO) in the bH group, and decreases in NOS and ONOO in the bH-NaB group In the distal intestinal tract, the mRNA levels of TSC1, mTOR C2, CIITA, and CREB1 were significantly upregulated in all three treatment groups, whereas those of IKKα, Rheb, mTOR C1, mLST8, EIF4B, NFY, GILT, and AEP were upregulated and downregulated in the bH and bH-NaB groups, respectively. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicate that 7S has a regulatory effect on serum immunity and can also affect distal intestinal tract development in hybrid groupers by modulating hindgut injury-related parameters. Within the distal intestinal tract, 7S can induce intestinal inflammation by activating the CIITA-mediated MHC II-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which eventually manifests as a reduction in growth performance. Supplementing feed with NaB represents an effective approach for enhancing serum immunity, and also protects the intestines from damage caused by high doses of 7S.

scholarly journals Influence of egg weight and inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on digestive tract traits and growth performance of brown pullets reared under stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 5767-5777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J García ◽  
G Fondevila ◽  
L Cámara ◽  
R E Scappaticcio ◽  
L Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Oat Hulls
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