scholarly journals Egg discrimination is mediated by individual differences in queen olfactory responsiveness and boldness

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306-1313
Author(s):  
Colin M Wright ◽  
Brendan L McEwen ◽  
David N Fisher ◽  
James L L Lichtenstein ◽  
Angelle Antoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Rejection ◽  
Egg Discrimination ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Resident Female ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Nest parasites attempt to shift the cost of rearing young from themselves to others. Despite strong selection to avoid this exploitation, there is considerable variation among-individuals in susceptibility to nest parasites. We evaluated the effects of individual variation in boldness, aggressiveness, and olfactory responsiveness on egg discrimination in wasps: Polistes metricus, which founds nests as singleton individuals, and P. dominula, which founds nests in small coalitions. Aggressiveness and boldness were evaluated using individuals’ response to mechanical disturbance, and olfactory responsiveness was evaluated using individuals’ tendency to respond to a novel rewarding stimulus. Egg discrimination was evaluated by presenting each queen with a variety of foreign eggs: 1) unaltered eggs laid by the resident (negative control group), 2) eggs produced by the resident female that were removed and replaced (procedural control), 3) eggs of foreign conspecifics (conspecific egg), and 4) eggs of a heterospecific congener (heterospecific egg). Females of both species never rejected untampered eggs and rejected procedural controls in only 35% of cases. Both species were twice as likely (70% rejection rate) to reject eggs of foreign conspecifics or heterospecifics. In P. dominula, bolder individuals and those with low olfactory responsiveness were more likely to reject foreign eggs. In P. metricus, boldness was not associated with egg rejection, but individuals with heightened olfactory responsiveness were more likely to reject foreign eggs. Thus, there are contrasting associations between behavioral phenotypes and egg rejection across species. These results are discussed in light of differences in the colony founding behavior of these species.

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fracture of Dental Roots Obturated with Different Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berkan Celikten ◽  
Ceren Feriha Uzuntas ◽  
Kamran Gulsahi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to compare the vertical fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials and sealers. Crowns of 55 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were removed to provide root lengths of 13 mm. Five roots were saved as negative control group (canals unprepared and unfilled). Fifty root canals were instrumented and then five roots were saved as positive control group (canals prepared but unfilled). The remaining 45 roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15root/group) and obturated with the following procedures: in group 1, glass ionomer-based sealer and cone (ActiV GP obturation system); in group 2, bioceramic sealer and cone (EndoSequence BC obturation system); and in group 3, roots were filled with bioceramic sealer and cone (Smartpaste bio obturation system). All specimens were tested in a universal testing machine for measuring fracture resistance. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. There were no significant differences between the three experimental groups. The fracture values of three experimental and negative control groups were significantly higher than the positive control group. Within the limitations of this study, all materials increased the fracture resistance of instrumented roots.

scholarly journals Correlation between International Normalized Ratio values and sufficiency of two different local hemostatic measures in anticoagulated patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zaghlool Amer ◽  
Samah I. Mourad ◽  
Ahmed S. Salem ◽  
Ehab Abdelfadil
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Anticoagulated Patients

ABSTRACT Objectives: The management of patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) undergoing minor oral surgeries is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between International Normalized Ratio (INR) values and the sufficiency of two different local hemostatic measures in controlling postextraction bleeding in anticoagulated patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty patients receiving Warfarin OAT were included in this study. Patients were selected so that 80 patients have INR values of ≤2, whereas the remaining patients have the INR values ranging from 2 to 3. Forty patients were then randomly selected from each category to form two equal groups. Forty-five patients who had never been on OAT were selected as a negative control group (group 1). Failure to achieve hemostasis using a pressure pack was managed using either tranexamic acid (group 2) or Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) (group 3). Results: The INR values of patients included in group 2 and 3 ranged from 1.5 to 3, with a mean of 2.2. No significant difference was recorded between the use of either tranexamic acid or ABS in achieving hemostasis in anticoagulated patients with INR values ranging between 2 and 3 (P = 0.93). Conclusion: Based on our findings, ABS is a hemostatic agent of good efficacy. The effect of ABS in controlling post-extraction bleeding in anticoagulated patients with INR values ≤3 is comparable to tranexamic acid with no evidence to support the superiority of tranexamic acid over ABS.

Comparison of conservative management and juvenile pubic symphysiodesis in the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dravelli ◽  
L. Vezzoni ◽  
M. De Lorenzi ◽  
A. Corbari ◽  
A. Cirla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Treatment ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Canine Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Group 1

Summary Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) in a clinical setting for the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia (CHD), and to identify its indications and contraindications. Methods: The final degree of CHD using the FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) CHD classification in 5 Grades (A, B, C, D, E) was assessed at skeletal maturity in two homogeneous groups of dogs assessed at the age of 14 to 22 weeks and selected according to their susceptibility to CHD; one group was treated with JPS and one group was conservatively managed. Two hundred seventeen puppies completed the study; 81 were treated with JPS (group 1) and 76 were conservatively managed (group 2). A third group of 60 puppies with normal hips was followed as a negative control group. Results: In group 1, 43.2% of the puppies had regression or a lack of progression of the disease in the final evaluation (Grade A & B), 25.9% had mild CHD (Grade C) and 30.9% had moderate and severe CHD (Grade D & E). In group 2, 23.6% of the puppies did not show any development of the disease (Grade A & B), 21.1% had mild CHD (Grade C) and 55.3% developed moderate to severe CHD (Grade D & E). Further investigation was done by comparing the severity of early signs of susceptibility to CHD with the final FCI Grades at adulthood in both groups. Clinical significance: The JPS procedure increased the odds of arresting or limiting the progression of CHD in mild to moderate grades of CHD, while it was less effective or ineffective in more severe forms.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Bioactivity of Two Bioceramic Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Margarita Trujillo-Hernández ◽  
Rebeca E. Flores-Ventura ◽  
Angélica Suárez-Porras MSc ◽  
Leandro García-González PhD ◽  
Julián Hernández-Torres PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Human Dentine ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Calcium silicate-based materials have been shown to be bioactive due to their ability to produce biologically compatible carbonated apatite. The objective of this study was to analyze the bioactivity of Biodentine ™ and MTA Repair HP® in contact with human dentine discs, which were sealed and divided randomly to form four groups: group 1 Biodentine™, group 2 MTA Repair HP®, positive control group MTA Angelus® and negative control group IRM®, which were incubated in PBS solution for 10 days, for a subsequent analysis by means of MEB-EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The three calcium-based materials analyzed in this study proved to be bioactive because upon contact with a phosphate-based solution they were triggered at the onset of amorphous calcium phosphate, as the precursor during the formation of carbonated apatite.

scholarly journals ISONIAZID (INH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1595
Author(s):  
Umer Aleem ◽  
Rahman Shah ◽  
Noor Khan ◽  
M. Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: Hepatotoxicity is the most complicated side effect of isoniazid (inh)in the patient treated for tuberculosis. In causes 8–30% hepatotoxicity in the developing world.Metabolism of INH produces a metabolite, called acetyl isoniazid. In this study hepatoprotectiveeffect of honey, in isoniazid induced animal model was assessed. Study Design: Randomizedcontrol trial. Setting: Saidu Medical College, Saidu Sharif Swat, KP. Period: October ToDecember 2017. Material and Methods: 40 healthy male rabbits were assigned randomly tothe group i, ii, iii and iv by using lottery method. Ten animals were grouped each row. Theisoniazid-induced hepatotoxic model was created by giving 50 mg inh/kg orally on daily basisfor eleven days. Group i was taken as negative control group ii as a positive control. Group iii andiv were experimental groups treated with 50 mg /kg/day and 100 mg /kg/day buckwheat honeyrespectively for eleven days. SPSS Version 16 software was used, mean, s.d. were determinedin all the groups. Values of serum bilirubin, sgpt, and alkaline phosphatase were comparedwith each other using pairt-test. Results: SGPT, Serum bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatasewere obtained in all the animals. Comparing group 1 negative control with group 2, 3 and 4shows statistical significance, (p=0.00). Comparing group 2 positive control with 3 and 4 showsstatistical significance, (p=0.00). Further comparing group 3 with group 4 also shows statisticalsignificance (p=0.00). Conclusion: From the above finding, it has been revealed that honeyhas got a protective effect in regressing hepatitis that has been induced in rabbit’s model byhigh doses of isoniazid. Related studies performed in which different chemicals and drugs havebeen tried for their protective role in isoniazid induced hepatitis also shows a similar type ofresults.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SUSU BEKATUL TERHADAP KONSENTRASI KOLESTEROL DAN TRIGLISERIDAPADA TIKUS PUTIH WISTAR DIABETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnul Khatimah ◽  
Saifuddin Sirajuddin ◽  
Zainal Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT In diabetics there is usually an increase in free fatty acids in the blood and increases the concentration of cholecerols and triglycerides, this condition is called diabetes dyshidemia. This study aimed to find out at the effect of bran milk treatment on the changes of the concetration of cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetetic white wistar rats. Conducted on May 15 until 15 August 2018. Experimental research pre-post test with control design. Subjects of twenty wistar white rats were made diabetic by injecting alloxan 140mg / kg. After being declared diabetic, the rats were divided into four groups, namely group 1 (negative control), group 2 (positive control), group 3 (bran milk 0.54g / 200 gr) and group 4 (bran milk 1.08g / 200gr). The intervention was given for fourteen days. The data analysis used the paired T-test to test the subject before and afterthe treatment and the One-Way ANOVA test was used to test the difference between the groups. The research results indicated that  the treatment with bran milk there were no significant differences in cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the four groups. But when viewed from changes before and after the intervention showed that group 4 (bran milk 1.08g / 200gr) decreased cholesterol concentration and in group 3 (bran milk 0.54g / 200gr) a decrease in triglycerides was better than group 1 (control negative) and group 2 (positive control). It was concluded that the administration of bran milk can reduce the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in wistar diabetic white rats.Keywords : Bran milk, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Rats, Diabetic

Antihypertension Effect from Bakasang’s Peptide Extract Based on MDA Levels in Sera and iNOS Expression in Cardiac Tissue of Rats Hypertensive Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilman Nurmahdi ◽  
Sasangka Prasetyawan ◽  
Max Robinson Wenno ◽  
Aulanni’am Aulann’am
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inos Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Group 2

Hypertension is an abnormality of cardiovascular condition, marked by high-blood pressure over normal condition. One of the factors that causes hypertension is altered equilibrium of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron system, which commonly caused by genetic disorder, could produces excess of Angiotensin II which known as vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II elevates body’s blood pressure and stimulates production of free radicals causes hypertension and oxidative stress. This research conducted to explore potential antihypertension effect from bakasang’s peptide extract made from fermented skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) based on MDA levels in sera and iNOS expression in cardiac tissue from hypertension rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by DOCA-salt. Rats were divided into five groups, they were: (1) negative control group, (2) hypertensive control group, (3) hypertension with captopril therapy with dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight (BW), (4,5) bakasang’s peptide extract therapy with dose of 200 mg/kgBW, and 300 mg/kgBW respectively. The results showed that bakasang’s peptide extract with dose of 200 mg/kgBW significantly decrease (p less than 0.05) MDA level in sera and iNOS expression in cardiac tissue. MDA level decreased up to 32.77%, and iNOS level of expression decreased up to 34.46 % after therapy using bakasang’s peptide extract on hypertension rats. It can be concluded that bakasang’s peptide extract has antihypertension effect (ACE-inhibitor), and capable to decrease MDA levels in sera and iNOS expression in cardiac tissue on hypertension rats induced by DOCA-salt.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract from Malacca Leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) in Carrageenan Induced Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01066
Author(s):  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Dwinna Aliza ◽  
Nurfadilla Sudril
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Edema Volume ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Group 2

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of malacca leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) to reduce carrageenan-induced edema in mice. This study used 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups with 5 mice per group. All the mice were induced inflammation using carrageenan at a dose of 1%. Mice in group 1 were not given piroxicam and malacca leaves extract. Mice in group 2 were treated with 20 mg of piroxicam suspension. Mice in groups 3, 4, and 5 were given ethanol extract of malacca leaves with doses of 100 mg/kg bb, 200 mg/kg bb, and 300 mg/kg bb, respectively. Edema volume measurements were performed on 5th day by collecting exudates using a syringe. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan test. The result showed that the average of edema volume in the negative control group was 0.09 ± 0.02 mL, while in the positive control group was 0.05 ± 0.03 mL. The average edema volume in groups 3, 4, dan 5 were 0.07 ± 0.01 mL, 0.06 ± 0.02 mL dan 0.07 ± 0.01 mL, respectively. It is concluded that the ethanol extract of malacca leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) can reduce the carrageenan-induced edema in male mice.

scholarly journals Exercise Promotes the Osteoinduction of HA/β-TCP Biomaterials via the Wnt Signaling Pathway

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Lijia Cheng ◽  
Ahmad Taha Khalaf ◽  
Tianchang Lin ◽  
Ling Ran ◽  
Zheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 2

To investigate the osteoinductive mechanism triggered by hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) biomaterials in mice which keep exercising. Methods: The HA/β-TCP biomaterials were implanted in the muscle of bilateral thighs (non-osseous sites) of eighty Balb/C mice. All animals were then randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20). In group 1 (negative control group), the mice were fed routinely. In group 2 (running group), all mice were put on a treadmill which was set to a 60-degree incline. The mice ran 20 min thrice each day. A 5-minute break was included in the routine from day three onwards. In group 3 (weight-bearing group), all mice underwent weight-bearing running. The mice in this group performed the same routine as group 2 while carrying 5 g rubber weights. In group 4 (positive control group), dexamethasone was injected in the implanted sites of the biomaterials from the day of the operation. All mice were injected once per week and received a total of 8 injections. One and eight weeks after surgery, the blood serum was collected to detect inflammatory and immunological factors by ELISA. In addition to this, biomaterial specimens were obtained to observe inflammatory and osteogenic levels via histological staining and to facilitate analysis of the osteogenic mechanism by Western Blot. Results: The inflammation indexes caused by surgery were alleviated through running or weight-bearing running: The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3 at week 8. Exercise also enhanced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in mice; this can strengthen their immunity. The new bone tissues were observed in all groups; however, the area percentage of new bone tissues and the number of osteoblasts were highest in the weight-bearing group. Furthermore, the key proteins of wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway, Wnt1, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, were up-regulated during osteoinduction. This up-regulation activated runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), increased the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN). Conclusion: Weight-bearing exercise can promote the bone and bone marrow formation through the Wnt signaling pathway: Observations documented here suggest that the proper exercise is beneficial to the recovery of bone damage.

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