scholarly journals “The Best Portion of Your Life Is Small:” The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Food Choices and Eating Motivations

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 556-556
Author(s):  
Isabella Quadrini ◽  
Deema Ujayli ◽  
Amanda Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Beaumont Hospital ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe food choice changes and explain food choice rationales to understand dietary intake patterns in the first year following bariatric surgery. Methods Thirty bariatric surgery candidates (19 sleeve gastrectomy, 11 gastric bypass) were recruited to participate in a mixed methods study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants pre-surgery and at 6- and 12-months post-surgery to explore food choices, dietary patterns and behaviors. Block Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) were completed at each time point. Transcripts were coded using a constant comparative method. Emergent themes were compared across time points. A matrix was created to display food classifications and dietary patterns. Pre-and post- surgery food group and macronutrient comparisons were made using paired t-tests. Results Three themes emerged to describe food choice patterns: macronutrient content at meals and snacks, eating structure and routine, and “eating out” habits. Both pre- and post-surgery, protein foods (e.g., dairy and lean meats) and vegetables were the most commonly reported “healthy” foods and were valued for satiety. Unhealthy foods included desserts, sweets, salty snacks, and fruit. Participants unanimously described reduced portion size, but not all chose foods based on perceptions of health. Other important food choice motivators included hunger, convenience, control and enjoyment. FFQ data revealed that participants reduced intake of all food groups at 6 months with increases in servings of fat (P < 0.05) 12 months. At 6 months, there was an increase in % calories from protein (P < 0.000) and a decrease in % calories from sweets (P < 0.021). At 12-months, there was a reversal of this trend: Protein decreased to 20% of calories (P < 0.007) and sweets increased to 18% (P < 0.045). Conclusions Participants’ perceptions of healthy and unhealthy food did not drive a majority of food choice decisions following bariatric surgery. Post-surgery changes in food choice patterns and dietary behaviors may not be long-term, which could impact weight loss outcomes. Funding Sources Oakland University and William Beaumont Hospital.

scholarly journals “Food Meant Everything to Me, Now Food Is Something I Eat:” Managing Emotions, Perceptions, and Awareness of Food and Eating After Bariatric Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1356-1356
Author(s):  
Deema Ujayli ◽  
Isabella Quadrini ◽  
Amanda Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Beaumont Hospital ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives This study explores the cognitive changes made by bariatric surgery patients, focusing on their perceptions of food, the role of food in their lives, and what drives them to make their food choices. Comparing pre-surgery and post-surgery experiences provides insight into the dietary changes that occur as a result of bariatric surgery. Methods Thirty bariatric surgery patients (24 women, 6 men) completed dietary and behavior questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews pre-surgery, and at 6 and 12 months post-surgery. Interview questions covered participants’ weight histories, dietary behaviors, perceptions of food, and surgery experiences. Verbatim interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using a constructivist, grounded theory approach. Emergent themes were compared across time points and within each time point to identify patterns of change and common experiences. Results Relationship to food emerged as a multidimensional phenomenon that included emotional eating, beliefs about the function of food and nutrients, and positive or negative perceptions of food. The majority of participants reported emotional eating before surgery. Post-surgery, half of the participants no longer struggled with emotional eating. The four most common emotions that led to eating were stress, depression, boredom, and happiness. The primary theme relating to the function of food was a shift from “living to eat” to “eating to live.” With this shift came an increased awareness and appreciation of food, nutrients, and health. Participants’ perceptions of food and eating were either positive, encompassing feelings of enjoyment, happiness, and/or appreciation, or negative, expressed by feelings of frustration, anxiety, and fear. Perceptions of food were influenced by pre-surgery relationship to food, dieting history, and current contexts. Conclusions Bariatric surgery patients have strong and multifaceted connections to food before and after surgery. Relationship to food impacts food choices as well as the mental effort and energy put forth in making dietary decisions. Understanding these relationships may be an important aspect of post-surgical counseling, particularly for patients experiencing less than ideal weight loss outcomes. Funding Sources Oakland University and William Beaumont Hospital.

scholarly journals Using genetic variation to disentangle the complex relationship between food intake and health outcomes.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pirastu ◽  
Ciara McDonnell ◽  
Eryk Jan Grzeszkowiak ◽  
Ninon Mounier ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Despite food choices being one of the most important factors influencing health, efforts to identify individual food groups and dietary patterns that cause disease have been challenging, with traditional nutritional epidemiological approaches plagued by biases and confounding. After identifying 302 (289 novel) individual genetic determinants of dietary intake in 445,779 individuals in the UK Biobank study, we develop a statistical genetics framework that enables us, for the first time, to directly assess the impact of food choices on health outcomes. We show that the biases which affect observational studies extend also to GWAS, genetic correlations and causal inference through genetics, which can be corrected by applying our methods. Finally, by applying Mendelian Randomization approaches to the corrected results we identify some of the first robust causal associations between eating patterns and risks of cancer, heart disease and obesity, distinguishing between the effects of specific foods or dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Serum concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics over the bariatric surgery procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna M. Wallerstedt ◽  
Karin Nylén ◽  
Magnus A. B. Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose As a substantial proportion of bariatric surgery patients use psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs, we investigated the impact of this procedure on serum concentrations. Methods In a naturalistic, longitudinal, prospective case series, we compared dose-adjusted trough concentrations of antidepressants, antipsychotics, or antiepileptics in consecutive patients before and after bariatric surgery. Adherence to treatment over 2 weeks preceding each sampling was considered. Results In all, 85 participants were included (86% female, median age 45 years, median body mass index 42 kg/m2). They were being treated with 18 different psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs (7 substances: 6–17 individuals, 11 substances: 1–4 individuals) and contributed 237 samples over a median of 379 days after surgery. For four out of seven substances with pre-/post-surgery samples available from six or more individuals, the dose-adjusted concentration was reduced (sertraline: 51%, mirtazapine: 41%, duloxetine: 35%, citalopram: 19%). For sertraline and mirtazapine, the low-calorie-diet before surgery entirely explained this reduction. A consistent finding, irrespective of drug, was the association between the mean ratio of the post-/pre-diet dose-adjusted concentration and the lipophilicity of the drug (logD; correlation coefficient: −0.69, P = 0.0005), the low-calorie diet often affecting serum concentration more than the surgery itself. Conclusions Serum concentrations of psychotropic/antiepileptic drugs vary after bariatric surgery and can be hard to predict in individual patients, suggesting that therapeutic drug monitoring is of value. Conversely, effects of the pre-surgery, low-calorie diet appear generalizable, with decreased concentrations of highly lipophilic drugs and increased concentrations of highly hydrophilic drugs. Interaction effects (surgery/dose/concentration) were not evident but cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals La Niña weather impacts dietary patterns and dietary diversity among children in the Peruvian Amazon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ramya Ambikapathi ◽  
Margaret N Kosek ◽  
Gwenyth O Lee ◽  
Maribel Paredes Olortegui ◽  
Benjamin Zaitchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
La Nina ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: In 2011–2012, severe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions (La Niña) led to massive flooding and temporarily displacement in the Peruvian Amazon. Our aims were to examine the impact of this ENSO exposure on child diets, in particular: (1) frequency of food consumption patterns, (2) the amount of food consumed (g/d), (3) dietary diversity (DD), (4) consumption of donated foods, among children aged 9–36 months living in the outskirts of City of Iquitos in the Amazonian Peru. Design: This was a longitudinal study that used quantitative 24-h recall dietary data collection from children aged 9–36 months from 2010 to 2014 as part of the MAL-ED birth cohort study. Setting: Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. Participants: Two hundred and fifty-two mother–child dyads. Results: The frequency of grains, rice, dairy and sugar in meals reduced by 5–7 %, while the frequency of plantain in meals increased by 24 % after adjusting for covariates. ENSO exposure reduced girl’s intake of plantains and sugar. Despite seasonal fluctuations in the availability of fruits, vegetables and fish, DD remained constant across seasons and as children aged. However, DD was significantly reduced under moderate La Niña conditions by 0·32 (P < 0·05) food groups. Adaptive social strategies such as consumption of donated foods were significantly higher among households with girls. Conclusions: This is the first empirical study to show differential effect of the ENSO on the dietary patterns of children, highlighting differences by gender. Public health nutrition programmes should be climate- and gender-sensitive in their efforts to safeguard the diets of vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Bile acid, glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme changes in prediabetic patients 1 year after sleeve gastrectomy

BMC Surgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsz Kin Mak ◽  
Shifang Huang ◽  
Bingsheng Guan ◽  
Hoyin Au ◽  
Tsz Hong Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enzyme Changes

Abstract Background Few articles have studied individuals with prediabetes after sleeve gastrectomy. Bile acid and lipid levels remain inconsistent in postbariatric patients. The purpose of this study was to explore bile acid, glucose, lipid, and liver enzyme changes in patients with different diabetes statuses who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. The impact of bariatric surgery and its potential benefits for prediabetic patients was also discussed. Methods A total of 202 overweight and obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery in our hospital between January 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into prediabetes (n = 32), nondiabetes (n = 144), and diabetes (n = 26) groups and analysed. Glucose and lipid data were collected from medical records at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Result Significant improvements in body weight, glucose and lipid levels, and liver enzymes (P ≤ 0.05) in prediabetic patients were found throughout the first year postoperatively. Improvement in glycaemic control was first seen one month postoperatively, followed by persistent improvement in the next 12 months. Total bile acid (TBA) decreased, which was associated with ALT improvement in prediabetic patients 1-year post-surgery. There were no significant differences in HbA1c, glucose, or triglycerides (TGs) between prediabetic and T2DM patients or between prediabetic and nondiabetic patients at 12 months post-surgery. Conclusion LSG is highly effective at interfering with glucose and lipid levels as well as total bile acid levels in prediabetic patients in the first year postoperatively. Thus, LSG is indeed an alternative for overweight and obese prediabetic patients.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns in Irish adolescents: a comparison of cluster and principal component analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine P Hearty ◽  
Michael J Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Main Meal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivePattern analysis of adolescent diets may provide an important basis for nutritional health promotion. The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adolescents using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) and to examine the impact of the format of the dietary variables on the solutions.DesignAnalysis was based on the Irish National Teens Food Survey, in which food intake data were collected using a semi-quantitative 7 d food diary. Thirty-two food groups were created and were expressed as either g/d or percentage contribution to total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using cluster analysis (k-means) and PCA.SettingRepublic of Ireland, 2005–2006.SubjectsA representative sample of 441 adolescents aged 13–17 years.ResultsFive clusters based on percentage contribution to total energy were identified, ‘Healthy’, ‘Unhealthy’, ‘Rice/Pasta dishes’, ‘Sandwich’ and ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’. Four principal components based on g/d were identified which explained 28 % of total variance: ‘Healthy foods’, ‘Traditional foods’, ‘Sandwich foods’ and ‘Unhealthy foods’.ConclusionsA ‘Sandwich’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ pattern are the main dietary patterns in this sample. Patterns derived from either cluster analysis or PCA were comparable, although it appears that cluster analysis also identifies dietary patterns not identified through PCA, such as a ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’ pattern. Consideration of the format of the dietary variable is important as it can directly impact on the patterns obtained for both cluster analysis and PCA.

scholarly journals The Dietary Behaviours of Cancer Caregivers: Preliminary Findings on How Becoming a Cancer Caregiver Might Influence Food Choices and Dietary Behaviours in the Carer Compared With Pre-Caring

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 104s-104s
Author(s):  
R. Warren ◽  
S. Lambert ◽  
H. Razee
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Cancer Support ◽  
Cancer Caregiver ◽  
Cancer Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cancer is often called a “we-disease” as the effects of the diagnosis can go beyond the patient to others, including the caregiver. In Australia, it is estimated that approximately 138,000 new cancer diagnoses will be made in 2018, with the 5 year survival rate currently at 68%. This has shifted the way that cancer care is delivered, with many patients now being cared for at home by a loved one. As a result, cancer caregivers report higher levels of fatigue, stress, mood disturbances and mental illness (depression and anxiety), insomnia and digestive complaints than noncaring counterparts. While it is known that these characteristics can influence diet, very little has been published with relation to cancer caregivers as a stand-alone population. Aim: To explore how being a cancer caregiver might influence dietary behaviors, food choices and eating patterns in the caregiver to see if these have changed/not changed from precaring. Methods: Participants were recruited from a number of avenues, including not-for-profit cancer support services and support groups. Our study is a descriptive qualitative study where participants complete an online questionnaire to determine their Burden of Care score (through Given and Given's Caregiver Reaction Assessment) and current dietary patterns and behaviors. Some of these participants were further interviewed using a semistructured interview to explore their role as a carer, dietary patterns and food choices and this interview data were thematically analyzed. Results: Preliminary results (as part of an ongoing study) from six completed semistructured interviews with cancer caregivers from New South Wales, Australia suggests that the food intake and dietary behaviors of cancer caregivers were influenced by five main aspects: food access and availability, caregiver health, food preferences, the impact of cancer or the patient and caregivers needing more support. This study is ongoing, with an additional 6-8 interviews proposed (or until data saturation is achieved). In the case of some caregivers their dietary behaviors and food choices improved when they became a caregiver (e.g., eating more fruit and vegetables, reducing sugar consumption and an increase in their perception of the importance of healthy eating). Others reported a decline (e.g., increased “grazing” on “junk food”, losing motivation for healthy eating and preparing healthy food and skipping meals). Conclusion: This preliminary data clearly suggests that dietary behaviors and food choices of cancer caregivers do change from precaring. There is however, still a gap in our understanding as to why some carers report improvements and others report a decline. This is an ongoing area of research and is an important aspect of public health given the role cancer caregivers play in Australia.

scholarly journals 0876 Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Low PAP Use, and Daytime Sleepiness are Associated with Weight Regain Following Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents with Severe Obesity

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A334-A334
Author(s):  
J L Kaar ◽  
L Patten ◽  
A Kaizer ◽  
S M Hawkins ◽  
J M Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Significant weight loss is seen following bariatric surgery, leading to an ameliorative effect on obesity-related comorbidities such as OSA. Weight loss maintenance is a priority, and identifying factors that may be associated with weight loss outcomes following bariatric surgery is of high importance. The current study examined whether OSA symptoms and PAP therapy were associated with weight outcomes following bariatric surgery in adolescents. Methods Participants from the Teen-LABS Study, which follows adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery were examined. Demographic and anthropometric data, OSA diagnosis, and PAP prescription and self-reported usage information were assessed 6 months before surgery. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) responses were utilized from baseline to 48 months post-surgery. All analyses were adjusted for time, age, sex, surgery type, and ethnicity. Results 242 adolescents (76% female, 72% White, age at surgery = 16.6 [1.6] years) were included. 57% had a diagnosis of OSA at pre-surgical baseline, and 56% of adolescents with OSA reported PAP use at pre-surgery. BMI increase over time from year 1-4 post-surgery was 11% more for those with high PSQ severity compared to those with low PSQ severity (p = 0.01). Those with pre-surgical OSA that reported using PAP “often” or “always” at baseline had an 8% lower increase in BMI from year 1-4 post-surgery compared to those that reported using PAP “rarely” or “sometimes” at baseline (p = 0.004). Finally, endorsing daytime sleepiness on the PSQ was associated with a 11% greater increase in BMI during years 1-4 post-surgery (p = 0.01). Conclusion OSA and daytime sleepiness may be associated with greater weight regain following bariatric surgery in adolescents. Adherence to PAP therapy pre-surgery may be a protective factor in preventing or reducing weight regain following surgery. Daytime sleepiness may be an effect of OSA, or due to the insufficient sleep that is prevalent among adolescents. Research is needed to examine the impact of additional aspects of sleep health such as duration, timing, and quality on health outcomes, as well as the impact of PAP adherence and sleep interventions on weight regain following bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity. Support None.

scholarly journals Bariatric Surgery in Adults with Obesity: the Impact on Performance, Metabolism, and Health Indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Jabbour ◽  
Ahmad Salman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis systematic review summarizes current evidence on the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on physical performance, metabolic, and health indices in adults with obesity. This systematic review suggests that BS induced significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass in individuals with obesity. Additionally, BS may improve many physical fitness and health indicators. Observed improvements manifest during a distinct period of time. To date, studies on BS and performance have been small in number, nonrandomized in design, and not controlled regarding gender distribution and/or post-surgery follow-up. Future studies should further investigate concerns associated with understanding of BS outcomes to improve these outcomes with potential benefits for quality of life, disability, mortality, morbidity, and overall BS success.

scholarly journals Portion Size of Energy-Dense Foods among French and UK Adults by BMI Status

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Rippin ◽  
Jayne Hutchinson ◽  
Jo Jewell ◽  
Joao Breda ◽  
Janet Cade
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Serving Sizes ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Evidence links consumed food portion size (FPS) and excess weight via increased energy intake. Policies to regulate on-pack serving sizes may be needed; determining consumed FPS of popular energy-dense foods for normal weight and overweight or obese (OWOB) adults, as reported here, may provide evidence to assist this. Data were analysed from national cross-sectional surveys, the French Étude Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires2 2005–2007 (n = 2117), and UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2014 (n = 3413). The impact of body mass index (BMI) on FPS is also investigated, adjusting for age, sex and under-reporting. Effects of under-reporting on relationships between FPS and BMI; and BMI on consumption frequency (UK only) were explored. OWOB reported larger FPS than normal-weight individuals in many, but not all food subgroups; however, there were only two significant FPS differences. In adjusted analyses, French individuals consumed 1.0 g (99% CI 0.01–2.1 p = 0.01) greater FPS in cakes for 1 point difference in BMI. ‘Other cakes’ and ‘dark chocolate’ were also significantly positively associated with BMI. High-fat bar snacks, but no UK main food groups, were positively associated with BMI. There was limited evidence of links between FPS and BMI in UK and French national cross-sectional data, possibly due to data limitations such as under-reporting. Future work should explore this and relationships between consumed FPS and on-pack suggested serving sizes to provide evidence to assist obesity-prevention policies.

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