scholarly journals Effect of Lifelong Added Sugars Consumption at Human Relevent Levels on Food Intake and Body Composition of C57BL6 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 674-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruolin Yan ◽  
Tania Hartono ◽  
Iris Mei Ying Tse ◽  
Wai Hung Sit ◽  
Jennifer Man Fan Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to test the hypothesis that lifelong ad libitum consumption of a high sucrose (25% kcal, HS) diet induces overeating, increased adiposity, and impaired metabolic health compared to a low sucrose (10% kcal, LS) diet. Methods Twenty male C57BL6 mice were randomized into 2 treatment groups (LS or HS diet throughout life, n = 10 each) at 3 weeks of age and continued until natural death or 104 weeks old, whichever was earlier. Body weight, food intake, and water intake were measured weekly. Body composition (fat and lean mass) was determined every 4 weeks using a nuclear magnetic resonance-based body composition analyzer. Fasting blood glucose was assessed every 4 weeks using a glucometer. Difference between groups was assessed by two-sample t-test assuming unequal variances, and P < 0.05 was set to indicate statistical significance. Results When comparing the HS and LS groups, there were no significant differences of mean ± SEM body weight (early childhood (EC) (3–6 weeks): 18.7 ± 2.7 vs. 17.8 ± 2.3 g; Childhood to adolescence (CA; 6–12 weeks): 30.9 ± 1.4 vs. 30.8 ± 1.4 g; Early adulthood (EA; 12–72 weeks): 47.8 ± 0.7 vs. 48.6 ± 0.8 g; Late adulthood (LA; 72–104 weeks): 52.1 ± 0.5 vs. 51.8 ± 0.7 g), body fat (CA: 19.4 ± 2.6 vs. 17.7 ± 2.3%; EA: 33.0 ± 0.6 vs. 33.3 ± 0.8%; LA: 32.1 ± 1.0 vs. 32.9 ± 0.8%), lean body mass (CA: 60.2 ± 3.3 vs. 57.4 ± 2.9%; EA: 46.7 ± 0.9 vs.46.0 ± 1.0%; LA: 52.8 ± 0.7 vs. 50.9 ± 0.8%), and food intake (all P > 0.05). When expressed as cumulative change from baseline (week 4), there was no difference between group for those variables in LA, except mean percentage change in water intake (p=0.03). There was no difference in mean cumulative energy intake throughout LA (39.37 ± 2.73 vs. 42.21 ± 1.13 MJ) and fasting blood glucose level at the end of LA (6.4 ± 0.2 vs. 7.0 ± 0.3), both P > 0.05. Conclusions This study found no significant effect of chronic high sucrose diet on inducing overeating, obesity and impaired glucose metabolism compared with low sucrose diet.. Our findings challenge the mainstream belief that high sugar diet promotes obesity, which warrants future research. Funding Sources This project was supported by HKU Seed Funding for Basic Research.

scholarly journals Effects of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Functional Training on Glucose Control and Body Composition among Overweight and Obese Adults

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Feito ◽  
Pratik Patel ◽  
Andrea Sal Redondo ◽  
Katie Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Training Modalities

High-intensity exercise has been found to positively influence glucose control, however, the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) for overweight and obese sedentary adults without diabetes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in body composition and glucose control from eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training (A-RT) compared to HIFT. Session time spent doing daily workouts was recorded for each group. Baseline and posttest measures included height, weight, waist circumference, dual X-ray absorptiometry (body fat percentage, fat mass, lean mass), and fasting blood glucose. Participants completing the intervention (78%, n = 9 per group) were 67% female, age = 26.8 ± 5.5 years, and had body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2. Fasting blood glucose and 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests were used as primary outcome variables. On average, the HIFT group spent significantly less time completing workouts per day and week (ps < 0.001). No significant differences were found for body composition or glucose variables within- or between-groups. Even though our findings did not provide significant differences between groups, future research may utilize the effect sizes from our study to conduct fully-powered trials comparing HIFT with other more traditional training modalities.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Alcohol Differentially Effect Weight Gain in Older Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 541-541
Author(s):  
Brandon McGuire ◽  
Azra Dees ◽  
Anna Ogilvie ◽  
Sue Shapses
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Increase Body Weight

Abstract Objectives Serum calcidiol is inversely associated with BMI in obese individuals and murine research has shown that vitamin D deficient diets (VDD) increase body weight. Alcohol intake doesn't necessarily increase body weight despite its caloric density but has been associated with VDD. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D deficiency with or without alcohol on body weight, body composition, glucose tolerance, and energy expenditure in seven-month-old female mice. Methods Seven-month-old female retired breeder C57BL/6J mice (n = 40) were weight-matched and randomized to one of four diets: control (normal purified AIN-93 diet), vitamin D deficient (VDD, 0 intake of vitamin D), alcohol (Alc, 10% ethanol), or vitamin D deficient and alcohol (VDD + Alc). Mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly and body composition was measured at baseline and final time points using EchoMRI. Glucose tolerance and energy expenditure (EE) were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and Oxymax/CLAMS unit at week 8. Results Body weight at baseline was 27.4 ± 1.8 g and did not differ between groups. Mice drinking alcohol had a decreased food intake (p &lt; 0.001). When liquid calories were accounted for, total caloric intake did not differ between groups. Weight gain throughout the study increased more in the VDD groups (p &lt; 0.05). Increases in weight were 0.81 ± 2.9, 0.82 ± 2.0, 2.0 ± 1.7, and 3.6 ± 2.9 g, in the control, Alc, VDD, and VDD + Alc groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Lean body mass was also increased due to VDD (p &lt; 0.05). The total fat mass did not differ significantly between groups, however, VDD groups gained more fat mass over time (p &lt; 0.05). Two-way ANOVA showed an interaction between vitamin D and alcohol for EE (p &lt; 0.05). Positive incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for blood glucose was decreased due to alcohol intake (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, alcohol intake decreased blood glucose and food intake, but there was no effect on total caloric intake, body weight or body composition. VDD led to greater increases in body weight and soft tissue compartments compared to other groups that were not explained by caloric intake or EE. Understanding mechanisms that are causing excess weight gain due to VDD is currently a focus in the lab. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA (NJAES).

In Vivo Pilot Study Regarding the Effects of Amoxicillin on Blood Glucose Levels, Body Weight and Water Intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1232
Author(s):  
Eugeniu Mihalas ◽  
Adriana Balan ◽  
Ana Petcu (Sirghe) ◽  
Laura Gavrila ◽  
Carmen Savin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

Amoxicillin it is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agent and the first intention in the short-term treatment of infections in children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) chronic administration on the laboratory mice�s body weight (BW), water intake and values of non-fasting blood glucose levels (n-FBG). Thus, twenty-eight C57BL/6 male mice, of similar age, randomly divided into a control and 3 treatment groups (n = 7) received subcutaneous injection, once per day, for 60 days. During the experiment the n-FBG, daily water intake, and BW changes were recorded every 10 days. The results of our study revealed that the chronic administration of AMC, at a concentration of 100 and 150 mg/kg BW/day, increased capillary n-FGB, and can be associated with a significant increase in the BW and daily water intake in mice.

scholarly journals Mango Supplementation Improves Blood Glucose in Obese Individuals

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. NMI.S17028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley F. Evans ◽  
Maureen Meister ◽  
Maryam Mahmood ◽  
Heba Eldoumi ◽  
Sandra Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mango Pulp

This pilot study examined the effects of freeze-dried mango ( Mangifera indica L.) supplementation on anthropometrics, body composition, and biochemical parameters in obese individuals. Twenty obese adults (11 males and 9 females) ages 20- to 50-years old, received 10 g/day of ground freeze-dried mango pulp for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics, biochemical parameters, and body composition were assessed at baseline and final visits of the study. After 12 weeks, mango supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose in both male (-4.45 mg/dL, P = 0.018) and female (-3.56 mg/dL, P = 0.003) participants. In addition, hip circumference was reduced in male (-3.3 cm, P = 0.048) but not in female participants. However, there were no significant changes in body weight or composition in either gender. Our findings indicate that regular consumption of freeze-dried mango by obese individuals does not negatively impact body weight but provides a positive effect on fasting blood glucose.

scholarly journals Ghrelin O-acyltransferase knockout mice show resistance to obesity when fed high-sucrose diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Kouno ◽  
Nobuteru Akiyama ◽  
Takahito Ito ◽  
Tomohiko Okuda ◽  
Isamu Nanchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from stomach. Since the discovery that acylation of the serine-3 residue by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for exerting its functions, GOAT has been regarded as an therapeutic target for attenuating appetite, and thus for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. However, contrary to the expectations, GOAT-knockout (KO) mice have not shown meaningful body weight reduction, under high-fat diet. Here, in this study, we sought to determine whether GOAT has a role in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism with a focus on dietary sucrose, because macronutrient composition of diet is important for appetite regulation. We found that peripherally administered acylated-ghrelin, but not unacylated one, stimulated sucrose consumption in a two-bottle-drinking test. The role of acylated-ghrelin in sucrose preference was further supported by the finding that GOAT KO mice consumed less sucrose solution compared with WT littermates. Then, we investigated the effect of dietary composition of sucrose on food intake and body weight in GOAT KO and WT mice. As a result, when fed on high-fat diet, food intake and body weight were similar between GOAT KO and WT mice. However, when fed on high-fat, high-sucrose diet, GOAT KO mice showed significantly reduced food intake and marked resistance to obesity, leading to amelioration of glucose metabolism. These results suggest that blockade of acylated-ghrelin production offers therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic disorders caused by overeating of palatable food.

Abstract 022: mTORC1 is Required for the Cardiovascular but Not the Metabolic Actions of Leptin

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balyssa Bell ◽  
Donald Morgan ◽  
Kamal Rahmouni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Obesity represents a major risk factor for the development of hypertension, and inappropriate leptin action has been implicated as an essential mediator of obesity-associated hypertension. Leptin plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, acting through the brain to stimulate energy expenditure and suppress food intake. Leptin also increases sympathetic outflow to a variety of target organs, including those involved in blood pressure regulation. Here, we investigate the role of mTORC1 as a potential mediator of leptin’s cardiovascular and metabolic actions. For this, we generated conditional knockout mice that lack the critical mTORC1 subunit, Raptor, specifically in leptin receptor (LRb) expressing cells (LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl ). LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl displayed similar body weight, food intake and body composition as compared to littermate controls when fed a normal chow diet (body weight=29.6±0.8 g vs 31.0±0.8g at 14 weeks of age). Control and LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl mice also developed diet-induced obesity to a similar extent when fed either a 45% high-fat (37.2±3.1g g vs 40.9±2.2) or high-fat/high-sucrose diet (35.4±1.1g vs 35.2±2.7g). Additionally, fasting blood glucose (77.3±6.7mg/dL vs. 71.8±4.3mg/dL) as well as insulin (AUC=7788 ±1013, n=3 vs. 8964±884, n=4) and glucose (AUC=39750±2075, n=3 vs. 44259±1948, n=4) tolerance in high fat/high-sucrose diet fed mice were not changed in LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl mice as compared to littermate controls. Conversely, while baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was comparable between LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl mice (108±9 mmHg) and controls (103±7 mmHg), intracerebroventricular administration of leptin significantly increased MAP in control mice (30±14 mmHg), but not in LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl mice (1±9 mmHg, P<0.05 vs controls). Consistent with this, LRb Cre /Rap fl/fl mice displayed a blunted renal sympathetic nerve response to leptin (-4±15%, n=9 vs. 127±16%, n=9, P<0.05) but a preserved increase in sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (109±27%, n=5 vs. 173±52%, n=4). Together, our data indicate a critical role for mTORC1 in mediating the cardiovascular but not the metabolic effects of leptin.

Anti-Diabetic and Angio-Protective Effect of Guluronic Acid (G2013) as a New Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Experimental Model of Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Seyed S. Mortazavi-Jahromi ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Mohammad H. Javanbakht ◽  
Abbas Mirshafiey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Guluronic Acid

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of guluronic acid (G2013) on blood sugar, insulin, and gene expression profile of oxLDL receptors (SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68) in the experimental model of diabetes. Methods: 18 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of healthy control, diabetic control, and G2013 group. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. The subjects were IP treated with 25 mg/kg of G2013 per day for 28 days. The body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. In addition, the expression of mentioned genes was investigated through quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The data showed that the final weight increased significantly in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The results indicated that final food intake significantly reduced in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The study findings also suggested that the final fasting blood glucose significantly reduced in the G2013-treated group, whereas the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in this group compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the gene expression levels of SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68 in the G2013 group significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that G2013, could reduce blood glucose and increase insulin levels and reduce the gene expression level of oxLDL receptors. In addition, it may probably play an important role in reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.

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