Potential Health Threat Due To Migration of Lead And Aluminum into Food Cooked with Recycled Metal And Alloy Pots

Abstract Objectives Artisanal cooking pots constructed with recycled aluminum and scrapped car body parts are widely used in the developing world for large scale cooking of food for ceremonies, roadside sells and small-scale food processing. Assessment of the potential health risks of pots fabricated with recycled metal/alloy is the objective of this work Methods Three food stuffs; rice, beans and tomato, and five pots; new aluminum pot (NAP), pitted aluminum pot (PAP), artisan aluminum pot (AAP), stainless steel pot (SSP) and artisan alloy pot (AAY) were used to conduct the study. Each pot was used to cook and store each food item for 0, 12 and 24 h. This mimics the usual style of overnight keeping of cooked food inside these pots. Metal contents of the cooked and stored foods were determined with a spectrophotometer and estimate of health risk was calculated based on the tolerable limits specified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2008.. Specific Release Limit (SRL) of metals based on ALARA principles for food contact material (FCM) was also referenced (Council of Europe, 2013). Results Lead migration into cooked food occurred most (4.32 ± 0.18 mg/kg) in AAY pot and least (0.13 ± 0.05 mg/kg) in SSP while Al migration occurred most in AAP. The mean quantities of Al and Pb ions released by all the pots except SSP into cooked food were above the tolerable limits (Pb = 0.01 mg/kg food; Al = 0.1 mg/kg food). In all cases, metal ion migration increased with increase in food/pot contact time. The average range of Pb content in the food samples were 0.03 to 00.75 mg/kg, 0.23 to 2.63 mg/kg, and 0.84 to 4.19 mg/kg for the raw, cooked and after 24 h storage, respectively. In terms of SRL, AAY and AAP were least favored. Irrespective of pot type used, tomato had the highest level of metal ion content followed by beans and then rice. The work demonstrates that the problem of Pb and Al leaching into cooked food correlates with the type of cooking pot, contact time between food and pot as well as the nature of the foodstuff. Conclusions We conclude that artisanal cooking pots as FCM release Al and Pb ions at potentially toxic levels that poses health risks to the population. Stainless steel surface is suggested as better FCM at all levels of food processing. Our results support the need for countries in the developing world to ban the use of artisanal (uncoated) metal/alloy as FCM. Funding Sources This research was self sponsored.

Download Full-text

Nanofoods

Arbor Clinical Nutrition Updates ◽

10.1017/s1446545000000403 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 305 ◽

pp. 1-4

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Food Safety ◽

Health Risks ◽

Food Processing ◽

Good Deal ◽

Potential Health ◽

Nutritional Medicine ◽

Reduced Fat

In a nutshellNanoparticles used in agriculture, food processing and nutritional medicine have the potential to improve bioavailability of nutrients, food safety and, by allowing foods which preserve taste whilst having reduced fat, salt and sugar, public health.However, there is a dearth of data on the potential health risks of nanoparticles, which suggests that a good deal of caution is needed before this technology is further introduced.

Download Full-text

Determination of Acrylamide Contents in Grilled Meat and Fish Foods through Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in Bangladesh

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/370505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 1046-1050

Author(s):

G. M. M. Anwarul Hasan ◽

Mohammed A. Satter ◽

Mahbubul Morshed ◽

Anuj Kumer Das

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Health Risks ◽

Food Processing ◽

Thermal Treatments ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Potential Health ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Grilled foods are important source of acrylamide which has neurotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. In the present study, 105 grilled meat and fish foods were analyzed through Gas Chromatography Tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to detect acrylamide concentrations in Bangladesh. The average acrylamide contents in grilled chicken, tandoori chicken, chicken tikka kabab, chicken fry, beef kabab, beef grill, grilled fish were 80.27µg/Kg, 99.34µg/Kg, 83.13 µg/Kg, 73.98 µg/Kg, 68.19 µg/Kg, 81.52 µg/Kg and 48.39 µg/Kg respectively. The differences in the acrylamide contents in the products of same category were because of differences in thermal treatments during the preparation. In comparison with other studies, the results suggested that, consumption of those foods is safe for the consumers. This study will focus light on the fate of acrylamide during food processing and provide valuable information to access potential health risks through consumption of those foods.

Download Full-text

Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Show Enhanced Adherence to Food Contact Surface after Short Contact Times

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-63.9.1204 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 1204-1207 ◽

Cited By ~ 172

Author(s):

JANNE M. LUNDÉN ◽

MARIA K. MIETTINEN ◽

TIINA J. AUTIO ◽

HANNU J. KORKEALA

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Contact Surface ◽

Food Processing ◽

Contact Time ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Short Contact ◽

Steel Surfaces ◽

Food Contact Surface ◽

Epifluorescence Microscope

Adherence of 3 persistent and 14 nonpersistent Listeria monocytogenes strains to stainless steel surfaces after short and long contact times was investigated. L. monocytogenes strains were obtained from poultry plants and an ice cream plant throughout several years. Adherence tests were performed in tryptic soy broth at 25°C for 1, 2, and 72 h. Test surfaces were rinsed after the contact time, and attached cells were stained with acridine orange and enumerated with an epifluorescence microscope. The persistent poultry plant strains showed adherence 2- to 11-fold higher than the nonpersistent strains following 1- and 2-h contact times. The adherence of the persistent ice cream plant strain after 1- and 2-h contact times was higher than most of the nonpersistent strains. Seven of 12 nonpersistent ice cream strains showed an adherence of less than half that of the persistent strain. After 72 h, the differences in adherence were not as marked, since half the nonpersistent strains had reached adherence levels comparable with the persistent strains. In fact, three nonpersistent strains showed even higher adherence than the persistent strains. Thus, results of this study reveal that persistent L. monocytogenes strains show enhanced adherence at short contact times, promoting their survival in food processing facilities and possibly having an effect on initiation of persistent plant contamination.

Download Full-text

441. A Comparison of 8 Preferred/Recommended EPA Atmospheric Dispersion Models Used to Estimate Potential Health Risks from Process Emissions

10.3320/1.2766392 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

R. Clinkenbeard ◽

T. Hall

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion ◽

Dispersion Models ◽

Potential Health ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion Models

Download Full-text

Use of agro-waste (Musa paradisiaca peels) as a sustainable biosorbent for toxic metal ions removal from contaminated water

10.31221/osf.io/yrpvn ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Equilibrium Concentration ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Musa Paradisiaca ◽

Percentage Removal ◽

Adsorbent Dose

A study of removal of heavy metal ions from heavy metal contaminated water using agro-waste was carried out with Musa paradisiaca peels as test adsorbent. The study was carried by adding known quantities of lead (II) ions and cadmium (II) ions each and respectively into specific volume of water and adding specific dose of the test adsorbent into the heavy metal ion solution, and the mixture was agitated for a specific period of time and then the concentration of the metal ion remaining in the solution was determined with Perkin Elmer Atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 2380. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were considered. From the effect of contact time results equilibrium concentration was established at 60minutes. The percentage removal of these metal ions studied, were all above 90%. Adsorption and percentage removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from their aqueous solutions were affected by change in initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed the adsorption of the metal ions on the test adsorbent with good mathematical fits into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Regression correlation (R2) values of the isotherm plots are all positive (>0.9), which suggests too, that the adsorption fitted into the isotherms considered.

Download Full-text

Placenta-Expanded Stromal Cell Therapy in a Rodent Model of Simulated Weightlessness

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 940

Author(s):

Linda Rubinstein ◽

Amber M. Paul ◽

Charles Houseman ◽

Metadel Abegaz ◽

Steffy Tabares Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Medical Intervention ◽

Hindlimb Unloading ◽

Simulated Weightlessness ◽

Potential Health ◽

Long Duration ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Splenic Atrophy

Long duration spaceflight poses potential health risks to astronauts during flight and re-adaptation after return to Earth. There is an emerging need for NASA to provide successful and reliable therapeutics for long duration missions when capability for medical intervention will be limited. Clinically relevant, human placenta-derived therapeutic stromal cells (PLX-PAD) are a promising therapeutic alternative. We found that treatment of adult female mice with PLX-PAD near the onset of simulated weightlessness by hindlimb unloading (HU, 30 d) was well-tolerated and partially mitigated decrements caused by HU. Specifically, PLX-PAD treatment rescued HU-induced thymic atrophy, and mitigated HU-induced changes in percentages of circulating neutrophils, but did not rescue changes in the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells and splenic atrophy. Further, PLX-PAD partially mitigated HU effects on the expression of select cytokines in the hippocampus. In contrast, PLX-PAD failed to protect bone and muscle from HU-induced effects, suggesting that the mechanisms which regulate the structure of these mechanosensitive tissues in response to disuse are discrete from those that regulate the immune- and central nervous system (CNS). These findings support the therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stromal cells for select physiological deficits during simulated spaceflight. Multiple countermeasures are likely needed for comprehensive protection from the deleterious effects of prolonged spaceflight.

Download Full-text

Impact of Bacillus in fermented soybean foods on human health

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01641-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trishala Gopikrishna ◽

Harini Keerthana Suresh Kumar ◽

Kumar Perumal ◽

Elavarashi Elangovan

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Health Risks ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Potential Health ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Food Pathogens ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Fermented Soybean Foods

Abstract Purpose Fermented soybean foods (FSF) is popularly consumed in the South-East Asian countries. Bacillus species, a predominant microorganism present in these foods, have demonstrated beneficial and deleterious impacts on human health. These microorganisms produce bioactive compounds during fermentation that have beneficial impacts in improving human health. However, the health risks associated with FSF, food pathogens, biogenic amines (BAs) production, and late-onset anaphylaxis, remain a concern. The purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of positive and negative impacts as a result of consumption of FSF along with the measures to alleviate health risks for human consumption. Methods This review was composed by scrutinizing contemporary literature of peer-reviewed publications related to Bacillus and FSF. Based on the results from academic journals, this review paper was categorized into FSF, role of Bacillus species in these foods, process of fermentation, beneficial, and adverse influence of these foods along with methods to improve food safety. Special emphasis was given to the potential benefits of bioactive compounds released during fermentation of soybean by Bacillus species. Results The nutritional and functional properties of FSF are well-appreciated, due to the release of peptides and mucilage, which have shown health benefits: in managing cardiac disease, gastric disease, cancer, allergies, hepatic disease, obesity, immune disorders, and especially microbial infections due to the presence of probiotic property, which is a potential alternative to antibiotics. Efficient interventions were established to mitigate pitfalls like the techniques to reduce BAs and food pathogens and by using a defined starter culture to improve the safety and quality of these foods. Conclusion Despite some of the detrimental effects produced by these foods, potential health benefits have been observed. Therefore, soybean foods fermented by Bacillus can be a promising food by integrating effective measures for maintaining safety and quality for human consumption. Further, in vivo analysis on the activity and dietary interventions of bioactive compounds among animal models and human volunteers are yet to be achieved which is essential to commercialize them for safe consumption by humans, especially immunocompromised patients.

Download Full-text