Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and Lung Function in Adults from Ten European Countries – Evidence from the GA2LEN Follow-Up Survey

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and lung function in European adults. Methods The study sample was drawn from the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) screening survey, in which 55,000 adults aged 15 to 75 years answered a postal questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. A stratified random sample was obtained for follow-up. A cross-sectional study was conducted in this sample (n = 3241), which included ascertainment of dietary intake and measures of lung function. Participants completed the internationally validated GA2LEN food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which enquired about usual intake of 245 food items. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was derived to ascertain the inflammatory potential of the diet (minimum and maximum reference range −8.87 to 7.98; i.e., the higher the score the more pro-inflammatory the diet). Participants performed post-bronchodilator spirometry, from which forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio between the forced exhaled volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FVC (FEV1/FVC), FVC below lower limit of normal (FVC < LLN; (restriction)) and FEV1/FVC < LLN (airway obstruction) were calculated. Exposures and lung function outcomes were weighted to obtain estimated population parameters. Potential confounders included age, sex, height, body mass index, smoking status, country, education and employment. Adjusted regressions were used to investigate the associations between DII and respiratory outcomes. Results The mean age of participants was 48 years (SD ± 15.1), and the median DII was −1.53 (IQR difference 3.5). In the fully adjusted models, a one-unit increase in DII score was statistically significantly associated with a lower FEV1/FVC (β-coefficient −0.46, 95% CI −0.80, −0.12; P-value = 0.008) and with airway obstruction (odds ratio [OR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.03, 1.34; P-value = 0.018]. There was no association with the other lung function outcomes. Conclusions A more pro-inflammatory diet was associated with greater airway obstruction amongst European adults. Funding Sources FCM is funded by The Fulbright Commission and by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/144,563/2019). This work was conducted as part of The GA2LEN Working Group WP1.2 Epi & Clinical Studies. GA2LEN was funded by the EU Framework Programme for Research, contract No FOOD-CT-2004–506,378.

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Associations between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in the Asklepios Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451400395x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 665-671 ◽

Cited By ~ 188

Author(s):

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Ernst R. Rietzschel ◽

Marc L. De Buyzere ◽

Michel Langlois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Dietary Index

Previous research has shown that nutrients and certain food items influence inflammation. However, little is known about the associations between diet, as a whole, and inflammatory markers. In the present study, we examined the ability of a FFQ-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict inflammation. Data from a Belgian cross-sectional study of 2524 generally healthy subjects (age 35–55 years) were used. The DII is a population-based, literature-derived dietary index that was developed to predict inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases. The DII was calculated from FFQ-derived dietary information and tested against inflammatory markers, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, homocysteine and fibrinogen. Analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for energy, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, education level, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, blood pressure, use of oral contraceptives, anti-hypertensive therapy, lipid-lowering drugs and physical activity. Multivariable analyses showed significant positive associations between the DII and the inflammatory markers IL-6 (>1·6 pg/ml) (OR 1·19, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·36) and homocysteine (>15 μmol/l) (OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·25, 1·94). No significant associations were observed between the DII and the inflammatory markers CRP and fibrinogen. These results reinforce the fact that diet, as a whole, plays an important role in modifying inflammation.

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Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, China

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11159

Author(s):

WenHui Fu ◽

Hualian Pei ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hebert ◽

Tao Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Background Diet and inflammation have both been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and T2DM. Methods Subjects were adults enrolled in the baseline study of the Xinjiang multi-ethnic natural population cohort and health follow-up study from January to May 2019. The study involved 5,105 subjects (58.7% men) between 35 and 74 years of age. The DII score was calculated from a data obtained via a food frequency questionnaire consisting of 127 food items. Results Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of DII in relation to T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to subjects in the 1st DII quintile, subjects in the 5th quintile (i.e., with the most pro-inflammatory diet) had higher odds of T2DM (OR = 3.27, 95%CI:2.38,4.50; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of T2DM in this population of Chinese adults.

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Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores And The Increased Disease Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1061375/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atiyeh Nayebi ◽

Davood Soleimani ◽

Shayan Mostafaei ◽

Negin Elahi ◽

Naseh Pahlavani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

P Value ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index

Abstract Background: Diet plays an important role in regulating inflammation, which is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to investigate the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and RA activity.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 184 patients with RA in rheumatology clinic in Kermanshah city, Iran, in 2020. RA was diagnosed according to the criteria of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/ European League against Rheumatism. The overall inflammatory potential of the diet was extracted from a validated 168-item food frequency questioner (FFQ) using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). RA disease activity was assessed using Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) scores. Logistic regression and one-way ANOVA/ ANCOVA were conducted. Results: Individuals in the highest DII quartile had the significantly higher odds of positive C-reactive protein (CRP) than those in the lowest quartile of the DII scores (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.16 – 17.41; P-value: 0.029). A statistically significant downward linear trend in fat-free mass and weight were observed with increasing the DII quartiles (P-value=0.003, P-value=0.019, respectively). Patients in the highest DII quartile had higher DAS 28 scores than those in the first quartile (Mean difference: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.51 – 1.81; P-value <0.001) and second quartile of the DII scores (Mean difference: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.34 – 1.65; P-value <0.001).Conclusion: Our results indicated that reducing inflammation through diet might be one of the therapeutic strategies to control and reduce the disease activity in RA patients.

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Association between plant-based dietary indices, the dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory potential in female college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.111 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban ◽

Rachel Gibson ◽

Leenah Al-Freeh ◽

Sarah Al-Musharraf ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female College Students ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female College ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Dietary Indices

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A National Survey of Community Pharmacists on Smoking Cessation Services in Thailand

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy6030101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Surarong Chinwong ◽

Dujrudee Chinwong

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Postal Questionnaire ◽

Pharmaceutical Product ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Smoking Cessation Services ◽

First Time

Providing smoking cessation services is one role of community pharmacists in Thailand. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate activities and barriers related to smoking cessation services provided in community pharmacies in Thailand, as well as to compare these activities and barriers between those pharmacists providing and those not providing smoking cessation services. A postal questionnaire was conducted to collect information from community pharmacists across Thailand. In all, 413 valid responses were received from 5235 questionnaires, giving a 7.9% response rate. Of the 413 respondents, 152 (37%) pharmacists provided smoking cessation services in their pharmacy. The activities of smoking cessation services varied. Time for counseling each smoker varied, a mean of 15.1 ± 10.9 min (range 1–60) per person for the first time, and 8.9 ± 6.7 min (range 1–30) for each follow-up visit. Community pharmacists, providing smoking cessation services, were more likely to have pharmacist assistants, be a member of the Thai Pharmacy Network for Tobacco Control, and have more than 1 pharmacist on duty. The most dispensed pharmaceutical product for smoking cessation was nicotine gum. Their most perceived barriers were being unable to follow-up and inadequate staff. In conclusion, only a minority of community pharmacists in Thailand are engaged in smoking cessation activities, even though some perceived barriers existed.

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Dietary inflammatory index, bone health and body composition in a population of young adults: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/09637486.2018.1446915 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 1013-1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Blanca Rueda-Medina ◽

Emilio González-Jiménez ◽

Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista ◽

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index

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Factors Associated with Depression among Heart Failure Patients at Cardiac Follow-Up Clinics in Northwest Ethiopia, 2017: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2019/6892623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kassahun Gebeyehu Yazew ◽

Debrework Tesgera Beshah ◽

Mohammed Hassen Salih ◽

Tadele Amare Zeleke

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Heart Failure Patients ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Poor Social Support

Background. Depression is a comorbid disorder in patients with heart failure and it is a major public health problem worldwide. Little is known about the depression among heart failure patients in low-income countries, while, in Ethiopia, none was studied. Objective. This study is to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among heart failure patients at cardiac follow-up clinics at Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted between March 30, 2017, and May 15, 2017, G.C., by using a systematic random sampling technique to select 422 of 1395 HF patients. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient card review with a checklist that incorporates the PHQ-9 tool for depression measurement were used. The collected data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20. Bivariate logistic regression at p-value <0.2 was exported to multivariate logistic regressions and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 403 were included with a response rate of 95.5%. Among the participants, 51.1% had depressive symptoms. Factors associated with depressive symptoms were poor self-care behavior 1.60 [AOR (95% CI=1.01, 2.55)], poor social support 1.90 [AOR (95% CI=1.16, 3.12)], being female 2.70 [AOR (95% CI=1.44, 5.07)], current smoking history 4.96 [AOR (95% CI=1.54, 15.98)], and duration of heart failure (>1 year) 1.64 [AOR (95% CI=1.04, 2.59)]. Conclusions. Around half of the patients were depressive. The patients who had poor self-care behavior, were females, had poor social support, had a current history of smoking, and had duration of chronic heart failure >1 year need special attention. Therefore, all referral hospitals need efforts to focus on those problems and target improvements of depressive symptoms.

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Study of Patients with First unprovoked Seizure in the Eastern Part of Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v8i1.24471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Dilli Ram Kafle ◽

Surendra Sah ◽

Miluna Bhusal

Keyword(s):

Recurrence Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Seizure Recurrence ◽

Unprovoked Seizure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Neuro Imaging

Background: About 5-10% of the population get at least one seizure in their lifetime. Treatment is started in patients with first unprovoked seizure if the risk of seizure recurrence is predicted to be high. If patients with first seizure are not treated 40-50% of patients develop recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Starting treatment may cause reduction in the risk of recurrence by almost one half. The aim of the study was to identify the factors causing recurrence in patients with first unprovoked seizure. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Nobel Medical College from March 2015 to March 2019. Patients who presented to Nobel Medical College with first unprovoked seizure were enrolled in the study with follow up during the hospital visit. Results: Eighty six patients participated in our study. Recurrence of seizure occurred in 21(24.4%) patients within the study period of 4 years. Abnormal Electroencephalography was significantly associated with recurrence of seizure in patients with first seizure. (P value<0.001) Neuro imaging abnormality was also associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence (Pvalue<0.001) .Starting an antiepileptic after first seizure reduced the risk of further seizure. Conclusion: Recurrence of seizure was observed in almost a quarter of patients within the study period of four years. Recurrence risk was higher in those patients with abnormal Electro encephalography and in those patients with identified cause than those patients whose seizure was assumed to be idiopathic.

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