scholarly journals Usual Intake of Resistant Starch by Diabetes Group in US Adults: NHANES 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 358-358
Author(s):  
Mindy Patterson ◽  
Wesley Tucker ◽  
Crystal Douglas ◽  
Derek Miketinas
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Category

Abstract Objectives To examine differences in the usual intake of dietary resistant starch (RS) in US adults across diabetes group (no diabetes, prediabetes, diabetes) and age categories (20–39y, 40–59y, ≥60y) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013 – 2018 cycles. Methods RS values from a published database were matched to food codes reportedly consumed by each participant who had one or more reliable 24-hour dietary recall. Demographic (age & sex), laboratory (glycated hemoglobin), diabetes questionnaire, and dietary datasets were included in the analyses. Diabetes group was determined by participant responses to the diabetes questionnaire and glycated hemoglobin (HgA1c) values. Prediabetes and diabetes were defined as having HgA1c values between 5.7% and 6.4% and ≥ 6.5%, respectively. Usual RS intake was calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. RS intake data were adjusted for energy and are presented as mean g ± SEM (99% CI). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare mean intake across sub-populations of interest and P < 0.01 indicates statistical significance. Results 14,640 adults (48.7% male) were included in the analyses. Overall usual RS intake was comparable between males (2.0 ± 0.034 g/1,000 kcal) and females (2.0 ± 0.031 g/1,000 kcal; P = 0.623). RS intake differed among diabetes group within each age category in females (P < 0.001), where RS intake was lowest in the no diabetes group (1.9 ± 0.038 g/1,000 kcal) and greatest in the diabetes group (2.2 ± 0.060 g/1,000 kcal). However, RS intake did not differ in males across diabetes group within each age category. Conclusions Females with diabetes had higher usual intake of RS compared to those with prediabetes and no diabetes across all age categories. However, we did not observe this same finding in males. Overall, males and females consumed similar amounts of RS when adjusting for energy. It is unclear if RS intake differed by sex based on unadjusted, or total, daily energy intake. Future research is needed to understand if greater usual intake of RS in adults with diabetes corresponds to improved glycemic outcomes. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Usual Dietary Intake of Resistant Starch in US Adults from NHANES 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 2738-2747
Author(s):  
Derek C Miketinas ◽  
Kavitha Shankar ◽  
Madhura Maiya ◽  
Mindy A Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Category

ABSTRACT Background Resistant starch (RS) confers many health benefits, mostly due to nonenzymatic human digestion and gut microbiota fermentation capacity. The usual intake of naturally occurring dietary RS in US adults is unclear. Objectives This study estimated usual daily RS intake in grams per 1000 kcal in US adults by sex, age, and ethnic group, as well as the most frequent food category contributing to RS intake using data from the NHANES 2015–2016. Methods RS content of foods consumed was matched with Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies food codes. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate adults’ usual RS intake from 2 24-h dietary recalls. Day 1 RS contribution from food groups to overall RS intake was ranked for the total sample, across age-sex categories, and across ethnic groups. Results In total, 5139 US adults (48.4% male) had a mean daily usual intake of RS of 1.9 ± 0.0 g/(1000 kcal⋅d). Males and females had a similar intake of RS [2.0 ± 0.0 g compared with 1.9 ± 0.0 g/(1000 kcal⋅d)] with no differences between sexes within the same age category. When comparing ethnic groups within each age category, the non-Hispanic white males and females had significantly lower RS intake than all other ethnic groups [range: 1.7–1.8 compared with 2.1–2.3 g RS/(1000 kcal⋅d), respectively], with no differences among the other ethnic groups. French fries and other fried white potatoes, rice, and beans, peas, and legumes were the most frequently consumed food categories contributing to RS intake in all adults. Conclusions US adults should improve the intake of natural RS food sources. Increasing RS intake will improve gastrointestinal health as a prebiotic and potentially increase insulin sensitivity with adequate consumption (e.g., ∼15 g/d).

scholarly journals Flavonoid Intake Is Inversely Associated with Hemoglobin A1c in Men but Not Women in a Diverse Urban Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1396-1396
Author(s):  
Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski ◽  
Rhonda Sebastian ◽  
Joseph Goldman ◽  
Lois Steinfeldt ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Poverty Status

Abstract Objectives Identify relationships between usual flavonoid intake and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a biomarker of diabetes and prediabetes, among African American (AA) and white (W) adults in an economically diverse urban population. Methods The Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study is a fixed cohort of adults 30–64 years of age (at baseline) residing in Baltimore City [n = 3720]. The design is a four way factorial cross of race (AA, W), household poverty status, age, and sex. 3418 individuals completed at least one dietary recall. Flavonoid intakes were estimated using the publicly available database, Flavonoid Values for USDA Survey Foods and Beverages 2007–2010. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Method was employed to estimate usual intake distributions of total flavonoids and six flavonoid classes and then to calculate predicted values for regression calibration. This latter step allowed the use of logistic regression to examine associations between usual flavonoid intake and prevalence of HbA1c values at or above 5.7% while adjusting for confounding variables. The 25th and 75th percentiles were selected as points of reference. Significance was determined with Wald chi-square tests. Results A total of 1837 individuals (828 males and 1009 females) met criteria for inclusion in the analytic sample. In both AA and W men, usual intake of total flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols was inversely related to levels of HbA1c ≥5.7% (P < 0.05). The likelihood of HbA1c values that met or exceeded this threshold among men at the 75th percentile of total flavonoid intake was more than 30% lower than that of men at the 25th percentile (AA: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.95; W: OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.95). No relationships between usual flavonoid/flavonoid class intake and HbA1c were observed in women. Conclusions Within the selected percentile range, higher usual intake of total flavonoids and several flavonoid classes was associated with lower prevalence of HbA1c values indicative of diabetes/prediabetes among men but not women in this at-risk population, supporting other research that has found beneficial relationships between flavonoid intake and diabetes risk. Funding Sources This work is supported by the Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, and ARS, USDA.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Methods to Estimate the Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use Among U.S. Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1172-1172
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jun ◽  
Alexandra E Cowan ◽  
Jaime Gahche ◽  
Janet Tooze ◽  
Kevin Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Method Of Assessment

Abstract Objectives Little is known whether the prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use among children varies by assessment method as it does among adults. We assessed the prevalence of use of different DS product types among U.S. children using four different combinations of assessment methods constructed from two instruments (i.e., frequency-based questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall (24HR)). Methods DS use information is collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) via a 30-day frequency questionnaire in conjunction with an in-home inventory (Dietary Supplement and Prescription Medicine, DSMQ) and during up to two 24HR. NHANES 2013–2016 data were used to estimate the prevalence of use of any DS and selected types of DS products among 8369 children (≤18y) using four methods constructed from DSMQ and 24HR: 1) DSMQ; 2) 24HR day 1; 3) 24HR day 1 and day 2; and 4) DSMQ and ≥1 24HR. Results About one-third (34.4%) of children took at least one DS in the previous 30 days according to the DSMQ. This decreased to 21.0% when data from only the 24HR day 1 were used, increased to 26.2% when data from both the 24HR day 1 and day 2 were used, and increased further to 37.3% when data from the DSMQ and ≥1 24HR were combined. Similar patterns were found when stratified by age (<1y, 1–3y, 4–8y, 9–13y, and 14–18y). Prevalence of use of specific product types also differed by method of assessment, but the percentages of those using specific products among DS users were similar across methods. The most commonly consumed products were multivitamin-minerals (73.6% to 75.5%, depending on the method). Many of these products contained over 100% of the Daily Value for some vitamins and minerals. Conclusions Prevalence estimates of DS use differed by method among U.S. children, which may be related to the length of the reference period of assessment. Accurately capturing DS users is critical because nutrient intakes from DS can contribute substantially total nutrient intakes. Our findings suggest that using data from both DSMQ and 24HR captures more DS users compared to a single instrument alone. Funding Sources This work was supported through the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Fish and Dietary Fish Oil Are Associated with a Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults (P08-024-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunhee Choi ◽  
Seoeun Ahn ◽  
Kyungho Ha ◽  
Hyojee Joung
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objectives Several epidemiological studies have examined the association between fish and dietary fish oil intake and metabolic syndrome in a population. However, few studies have investigated fish and dietary fish oil intake and its association with the risk of metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. Methods Using data from the 2013–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 14,519 adults (6,135 men and 8,384 women) aged ≥ 19 years were involved in this study. Dietary intakes of fish and fish oil including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were estimated by a 24-h dietary recall. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of metabolic syndrome according to the tertile of fish and fish oil intakes were calculated using a multiple logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the participants was 9.18%. The mean intake (standard error, SE) of fish, EPA and DHA was 123.35 (2.67) g/day, 103.43 (2.48) mg/day and 179.21 (4.75) mg/day for the study participants, respectively. Dietary intakes of fish and fish oil were not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, however, they were associated with the prevalence of several metabolic abnormalities. Men in the highest tertile of energy adjusted DHA intake from fish showed a 20% decreased risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.96, p for trend, 0.0274), compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, Women in the highest tertile of fish intake showed a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.24–2.33) than those in the lowest tertile. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a higher intake of dietary fish oil might be associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia in Korean men. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to examine the association of fish and fish oil with metabolic syndrome. Funding Sources This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2018R1A2B6007070) and the National Institute of Fisheries Science (R2019051).

Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hang-Yue Ngo ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Wengjuan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

Siblings and Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sawyer Vanderwerp
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Mother and Child samples, I investigated the relationships among child and adolescent depressive symptoms, having a chronically ill sibling, and other child and familial demographic variables. From research on social support and social role transitions, with the Stress Process as a theoretical model, I hypothesized that children with chronically ill siblings experience more depressive symptoms. Specifically, I looked at age, gender, birth order and family size as potentially reducing the effect size of having a chronically ill sibling. Findings showed that having a chronically ill sibling is associated with demonstrating more depressive symptoms both in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Although age, gender, birth order and family size do not interact significantly with having a chronically ill sibling in predicting depressive symptoms, they do present interesting findings about childhood depressive symptoms in general. Thus, the results of this study suggest specific and meaningful paths for future research.

scholarly journals Correlation analysis of epicardial adipose tissue thickness, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, visfatin, juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1, and type 2 diabetic macroangiopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Gong ◽  
Hai-Ying Peng
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background To investigate the correlation between the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) -6, visfatin, juxtaposed with another zinc finger protein 1 (JAZF1) and type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) macroangiopathy. Methods The study enrolled 82 patients with T2DM with macroangiopathy (the Complication Group), and 85 patients with T2DM (the Diabetes Group) who were admitted to Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from February 2018 to February 2020. In addition, 90 healthy people who underwent physical examination at the same hospital during the same period were enrolled (the Healthy Control Group). Age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), diabetic course and therapeutic drugs, waist hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) were recorded and calculated. Results The baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable, and the diabetic course of the Complication Group and the Diabetes Group was not significantly different (P > 0.05). The WHR of the Complication Group was higher than that of the Diabetes Group and the Healthy Control Group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The FPG, 2hPG, HbA1C, CRP, IL-6, Visfatin, JAZF1, HOMA-IR, EAT thickness, and baPWV of the Complication Group were all higher than those of the Diabetes Group and the Healthy Control Group (P < 0.05, respectively). The JAZF1 and FIns of the Complication Group and Diabetes Group were lower than those of the Healthy Control Group, and JAZF1 of the Complication Group was lower than the Diabetes Group with statistical significance (P<0.05, respectively). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the EAT thickness was positively correlated with CRP, IL-6, visfatin, and JAZF1 (r = 0.387, 0.451, 0.283, 0.301, respectively, all P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that baPWV was positively correlated with EAT thickness, CRP, IL-6, visfatin, and JAZF1 (r = 0.293, 0.382, 0.473, 0.286, respectively, all P < 0.001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that FPG, 2hPG, HbA1C, CRP, IL-6, visfatin, JAZF1, and EAT thickness were independent risk factors that affected T2DM macroangiopathy. Conclusions Clinical monitoring and treatment of T2DM macroangiopathy can use CRP, IL-6, Visfatin, JAZF1, and EAT thickness as new targets to delay the progression of the disease. Further research on the relationship between the above factors and the pathogenesis of T2DM macroangiopathy may be helpful provide new treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a Biomarker for Diabetic Foot Peripheral Neuropathy

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Giulia Casadei ◽  
Marta Filippini ◽  
Lorenzo Brognara
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Axonal Dysfunction ◽  
Biomarker Research

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is known to predict foot ulceration, lower-extremity amputation and mortality. Patients with diabetes mellitus have a predisposition toward developing chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and this may also facilitate the formation of diabetic foot and cutaneous impairment, which are considered one of the most serious impairments of diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of 4–10% in this population. Biomarkers research provides opportunities for the early diagnosis of these complications for specific treatments useful to prevent amputation and, therefore, physical inability and mental disturbance. The recent literature has suggested that glycemic levels may be a novel factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot complications and is an important mediator of axonal dysfunction. The aim of this systematic literary review is to determine whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a positive predictor for diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy and its complications, such as foot cutaneous impairments. There is a lack of consensus regarding the effect of glycemic variability on diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy, unlike other complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy or micro/macrovascular pathology. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed and Scopus and relevant keywords. The primary search terms used were “glycated hemoglobin” OR “HbA1c” AND “diabetic neuropathies” AND “Foot”. Results: A number of articles (336) were initially identified while searching the scientific literature regarding this topic, and 32 articles were selected and included in this review. Conclusions: This review highlights the role of HbA1c in diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy. Biomarkers play an important role in the decision-making process, and HbA1c levels are extensively used for diabetic foot clinical outcomes and settings, but biomarker research in diabetic foot peripheral neuropathy is in its infancy and will require careful attention to a number of factors and associations, since the consequences of DPN also include neurological alterations. HbA1c is an accurate and easy-to-administer test and can be an effective biomarker in establishing the diagnosis of diabetes, but future research should focus on standardizing the HbA1c level and selecting which DPN value and its correlated complications, such as foot cutaneous impairments, are the most informative.

scholarly journals Secondary School Teachers’ Professional Development in Australia and Shanghai: Needs, Support, and Barriers

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110269
Author(s):  
Guangbao Fang ◽  
Philip Wing Keung Chan ◽  
Penelope Kalogeropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
Scheduled Time

Using data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS; 2013), this article explores teachers’ needs, support, and barriers in their professional development. The research finds that Australian teachers expressed greater needs in information and communication technology (ICT) use and new technology training for teaching, while Shanghai teachers required more assistance to satisfy students’ individual learning and pedagogical competencies. More than 80% of Australian and Shanghai teachers received scheduled time to support their participation in professional development, whereas less than 20% of Australian and Shanghai teachers received monetary or nonmonetary support. In terms of barriers, Australian and Shanghai teachers reported two significant barriers that conflicted with their participation in professional development: “working schedule” and “a lack of incentives to take part.” This article reveals implications of the study in the design of an effective professional development program for Australian and Shanghai teachers and ends with discussing the limitations of the research and future research directions.

scholarly journals Bridging Science and Practice-Importance of Stakeholders in the Development of Decision Support: Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5744
Author(s):  
Innocent K. Tumwebaze ◽  
Joan B. Rose ◽  
Nynke Hofstra ◽  
Matthew E. Verbyla ◽  
Daniel A. Okaali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Support Tools

User-friendly, evidence-based scientific tools to support sanitation decisions are still limited in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector. This commentary provides lessons learned from the development of two sanitation decision support tools developed in collaboration with stakeholders in Uganda. We engaged with stakeholders in a variety of ways to effectively obtain their input in the development of the decision support tools. Key lessons learned included: tailoring tools to stakeholder decision-making needs; simplifying the tools as much as possible for ease of application and use; creating an enabling environment that allows active stakeholder participation; having a dedicated and responsive team to plan and execute stakeholder engagement activities; involving stakeholders early in the process; having funding sources that are flexible and long-term; and including resources for the acquisition of local data. This reflection provides benchmarks for future research and the development of tools that utilize scientific data and emphasizes the importance of engaging with stakeholders in the development process.

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