scholarly journals Snacking Behavior Differs Between Evening and Morning Chronotype Individuals but Chronotype Is Not Associated With Energy Intake and Diet Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
Chia-Lunx Yang ◽  
Olivia McKeever ◽  
Robin Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Cravings

Abstract Objectives There is a growing body of literature that links a person's preferred time for activities and sleep cycle, or chronotype, to eating behaviors and the risk of becoming overweight or obese. However, the relationships among chronotype, snacking behavior, diet quality, and food cravings are poorly characterized among US adults. This cross-sectional study examined the associations among chronotype, snacking habits, dietary intake and quality, and food cravings these relationships. Methods One-hundred adults (mean age: 28.4 ± 7.3 y; 63% female) living in the United States completed the study. Based on their score on the HorneÖstberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, an individual was categorized into morning-type (M-type), intermediate-type (I-type), or evening-type (E-type). Snack intake was assessed using a previously published specialized food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. The validated General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait measured cravings. General linear regression was used to assess differences in outcomes among chronotypes. Results Over the course of a week, E-type individuals consumed snacks more often than the M-type (E-type: 13.9 ± 4.5, M-type: 11.2 ± 4.6; P = 0.002), but not the I-type (10.1 ± 4.1; P = 0.086). In terms of timing of snacking, E-type individuals consumed more snacks after dinner than the M-type (E-type: 5.3 ± 1.6; M-type: 3.7 ± 2.2; P < 0.001). E-type individuals consumed more energy-dense snacks (E-type: 14.4 ± 4.4; M-type: 11.3 ± 4.7; P = 0.005), especially candies (E-type: 2.0 ± 1.0; M-type: 1.1 ± 0.9, P = 0.005), than the M-type. However, there were no significant differences in healthy snack frequency, food cravings, diet quality, and energy and macronutrient intake among chronotypes (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions In this relatively young population, E-type individuals consumed snacks more frequently than M-types. However, chronotypes were not associated with an individual's energy intake, diet quality, and food cravings, which suggests that chronotype negligibly influences weight gain risk in this young adult population. Funding Sources USDA NIFA and Michigan AgBioResearch.

scholarly journals Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Spain: higher than previously reported in other countries?

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 2556-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Cortés Verdú ◽  
José M Pego-Reigosa ◽  
Daniel Seoane-Mato ◽  
Mercedes Morcillo Valle ◽  
Deseada Palma Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Prevalence of SLE varies among studies, being influenced by study design, geographical area and ethnicity. Data about the prevalence of SLE in Spain are scarce. In the EPISER2016 study, promoted by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, the prevalence estimate of SLE in the general adult population in Spain has been updated and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables has been explored. Methods Population-based multicentre cross-sectional study, with multistage stratified and cluster random sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to carry out a questionnaire for the screening of SLE. Investigating rheumatologists evaluated positive results (review of medical records and/or telephone interview, with medical visit if needed) to confirm the diagnosis. To calculate the prevalence and its 95% CI, the sample design was taken into account and weighing was calculated considering age, sex and geographic origin. Multivariate logistic regression models were defined to analyse which sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables included in the telephone questionnaire were associated with the presence of SLE. Results 4916 subjects aged 20 years or over were included. 16.52% (812/4916) had a positive screening result for SLE. 12 cases of SLE were detected. The estimated prevalence was 0.21% (95% CI: 0.11, 0.40). SLE was more prevalent in the rural municipalities, with an odds ratio (OR) = 4.041 (95% CI: 1.216, 13.424). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of SLE in Spain is higher than that described in most international epidemiological studies, but lower than that observed in ethnic minorities in the United States or the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals The Dutch Healthy Diet index as assessed by 24 h recalls and FFQ: associations with biomarkers from a cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linde van Lee ◽  
Edith J. M. Feskens ◽  
Eveline J. C. Hooft van Huysduynen ◽  
Jeanne H. M. de Vries ◽  
Pieter van 't Veer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe Dutch Healthy Diet index (DHD-index) was developed using data from two 24 h recalls (24hR) and appeared useful to evaluate diet quality in Dutch adults. As many epidemiologic studies use FFQ, we now estimated the DHD-index score using FFQ data. We compared whether this score showed similar associations with participants' characteristics, micronutrient intakes, and biomarkers of intake and metabolism compared with the DHD-index using 24hR data. Data of 121 Dutch participants of the European Food Consumption Validation study were used. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24hR and a 180-item FFQ. Biomarkers measured were serum total cholesterol and carotenoids, EPA + DHA in plasma phospholipids and 24 h urinary Na. A correlation of 0·48 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·61) was observed between the DHD-index score based on 24hR data and on FFQ data. Classification of participants into the same tertiles of the DHD-index was achieved for 57 %. Women showed higher DHD-index scores. Energy intake was inversely associated with both DHD-index scores. Furthermore, age and intakes of folate, Fe, Mg, K, vitamin B6 and vitamin C were positively associated with both DHD-index scores. DHD-index scores showed acceptable correlations with the four combined biomarkers taking energy intake into account (r24hR 0.55; rFFQ 0.51). In conclusion, the DHD-index score based on FFQ data shows similar associations with participants' characteristics, energy intake, micronutrient intake and biomarkers compared with the score based on 24hR data. Furthermore, ranking of participants was acceptable for both methods. FFQ data may therefore be used to assess diet quality using the DHD-index in Dutch populations.

scholarly journals Decreasing the number of small eating occasions (<15 % of total energy intake) regardless of the time of day may be important to improve diet quality but not adiposity: a cross-sectional study in British children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Murakami ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
British Children

AbstractEvidence of associations between meal frequency (MF) and snack frequency (SF) and diet and obesity in young populations is limited. This cross-sectional study examined MF and SF in relation to dietary intake and adiposity measures in British children aged 4–10 years (n 818) and adolescents aged 11–18 years (n 818). Based on data from a 7-d weighed dietary record, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks on the basis of contribution to energy intake (≥15 or <15 %) or time (06.00–10.00, 12.00–15.00 and 18.00–21.00 hours or others). All measures of MF and SF showed positive associations with energy intake, except for MF based on energy contribution in children. Irrespective of the definition of snacks, SF was associated with higher intakes of soft drinks, confectionery and total sugar, lower intakes of cereals, fish, meat, protein, PUFA, starch and dietary fibre, and a lower diet quality (assessed by the Mediterranean diet score, except for SF based on energy contribution in adolescents). MF based on time, but not based on energy contribution, was associated with higher intakes of confectionery and total sugar, lower intakes of fish, protein, PUFA and starch, and, only in children, a lower diet quality. All measures of MF and SF showed no association with adiposity measures. In conclusion, this cross-sectional study in British children and adolescents suggests that decreasing the number of small eating occasions (<15 % of total energy intake) regardless of the time of day may be important to improve diet quality but not adiposity.

scholarly journals The association between socio-economic position and diet quality in Australian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Backholer ◽  
Elizabeth Spencer ◽  
Emma Gearon ◽  
Dianna J Magliano ◽  
Sarah A McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Guideline ◽  
Economic Position

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between multiple measures of socio-economic position (SEP) and diet quality, using a diet quality index representing current national dietary guidelines, in the Australian adult population.DesignCross-sectional study. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the association between indicators of SEP (educational attainment, level of income and area-level disadvantage) and diet quality (measured using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI)) in the total sample and stratified by sex and age (≤55 years and >55 years).SettingA large randomly selected sample of the Australian adult population.SubjectsAustralian adults (n 9296; aged ≥25 years) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study.ResultsA higher level of educational attainment and income and a lower level of area-level disadvantage were significantly associated with a higher DGI score, across the gradient of SEP. The association between indicators of SEP and DGI score was consistently stronger among those aged ≤55 years compared with their older counterparts. The most disadvantaged group had a DGI score between 2 and 5 units lower (depending on the marker of SEP) compared with the group with the least disadvantage.ConclusionsA higher level of SEP was consistently associated with a higher level of diet quality for all indicators of SEP examined. In order to reduce socio-economic inequalities in diet quality, healthy eating initiatives need to act across the gradient of socio-economic disadvantage with a proportionate focus on those with greater socio-economic disadvantage.

scholarly journals A lipid-related metabolomic pattern of diet quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1630
Author(s):  
Minoo Bagheri ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Mary K Townsend ◽  
Peter Kraft ◽  
Kerry L Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Complementary Approach

ABSTRACT Background Adherence to a healthy diet has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. Identifying nutritional biomarkers of diet quality may be complementary to traditional questionnaire-based methods and may provide insights concerning disease mechanisms and prevention. Objective To identify metabolites associated with diet quality assessed via the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and its components. Methods This cross-sectional study used FFQ data and plasma metabolomic profiles, mostly lipid related, from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, n = 1460) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n = 1051). Linear regression models assessed associations of the AHEI and its components with individual metabolites. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs) investigated overlapping patterns between AHEI components and metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) and explanatory factor analysis were used to consolidate correlated metabolites into uncorrelated factors. We used stepwise multivariable regression to create a metabolomic score that is an indicator of diet quality. Results The AHEI was associated with 83 metabolites in the NHS and 96 metabolites in the HPFS after false discovery rate adjustment. Sixty-three of these significant metabolites overlapped between the 2 cohorts. CCA identified “healthy” AHEI components (e.g., nuts, whole grains) and metabolites (n = 27 in the NHS and 33 in the HPFS) and “unhealthy” AHEI components (e.g., red meat, trans fat) and metabolites (n = 56 in the NHS and 63 in the HPFS). PCA-derived factors composed of highly saturated triglycerides, plasmalogens, and acylcarnitines were associated with unhealthy AHEI components while factors composed of highly unsaturated triglycerides were linked to healthy AHEI components. The stepwise regression analysis contributed to a metabolomics score as a predictor of diet quality. Conclusion We identified metabolites associated with healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors. The observed associations were largely similar between men and women, suggesting that metabolomics can be a complementary approach to self-reported diet in studies of diet and chronic disease.

scholarly journals Consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt among children aged 6–7 years: association with nutrient intake and overall diet quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
Esther López García ◽  
Lydia Gorgojo ◽  
Carmen Garcés ◽  
Miguel Ángel Royo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The present study tests the hypothesis that higher consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt is associated with higher intake of energy, saturated fats, sugars and worse overall diet quality among Spanish children. This is a cross-sectional study covering 1112 children aged 6.0–7.0 years in four Spanish cities. Nutrient and food intake were obtained through a food-frequency questionnaire, and overall diet quality calculated using the healthy-eating index (HEI) developed by <bibr rid="b20">Kennedy et al. (1995)</bibr>. Standardized methods were used to measure anthropometric variables. Associations of interest were summarized as the difference in nutrient and food consumption between the value of the fifth and the first quintile of consumption (dq) of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks or yogurt, adjusted for energy intake and BMI. Bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt supplied 15·5, 1·0 and 5·6 % energy intake respectively. Higher consumption of these three foods was associated with greater energy intake (P<0·001), but not with higher BMI. Consumption of bakery products was associated with the proportion of energy derived from intake of total carbohydrates (dq 4·5 %, P<0·001) and sugars (dq 2 %, P<0·001), but did not show association with the HEI. Consumption of sweetened soft drinks was associated with a lower consumption of milk (dq −88 ml, P<0·001) and Ca (dq −175 m/, P<0·001), and worse HEI (dq −2, P<0·01). Consumption of yogurt, while associated with higher energy intake from saturated fats (dq 1·77 %, P<0·001) and sugars (dq 2·02 %, P<0·001), showed no association with the HEI. Differences in the intake of nutrients and foods across quintiles of consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt were usually very small. We conclude that the impact of the consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt on the quality of the diet of Spanish children is only modest, although it may contribute to aggravating certain unhealthy characteristics of their diet, particularly excess energy, saturated fats and sugars. Therefore, consumption of bakery products and sweetened soft drinks should be moderated, and priority given to consumption of low-fat, low-sugar yogurt.

scholarly journals Association of the frequency of spicy food intake and the risk of abdominal obesity in rural Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e028736
Author(s):  
Kaili Yang ◽  
Yuqian Li ◽  
Yuan Xue ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Xiaotian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Spicy Food

ObjectivesRecent data relating to the association between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity are limited, especially in low-income areas. Therefore, the study explored the relationship between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity, and assessed the role of energy intake as a mediator of these associations in a rural Chinese adult population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural Chinese adult population.ParticipantsSubjects from Henan Rural Cohort Study (n=28 773).Primary outcome measuresThe effects of spicy food intake frequency on abdominal obesity were analysed by restricted cubic spline and logistic regression, and the mediation effect was analysed using the bootstrap method.ResultsThe adjusted percentages of abdominal obesity were 47.32%, 51.93%, 50.66% and 50.29% in the spicy food intake subgroups of never, 1–2 day/week, 3–5 day/week and 6–7 day/week, respectively. An inverse U-shaped association was found between spicy food intake frequency and abdominal obesity (p<0.01). Compared with subjects who never consumed spicy food, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) in the 1–2 day/week, 3–5 day/week and 6–7 day/week subgroups were 1.186 (1.093, 1.287), 1.127 (1.038, 1.224) and 1.104 (1.044, 1.169), respectively. Furthermore, the increased odd of abdominal obesity related to more frequent spicy food intake was mediated by higher fat energy intake; the direct and indirect effects were 1.107 (1.053, 1.164) and 1.007 (1.003, 1.012), respectively.ConclusionsThe data indicated that spicy food intake increased the risk of abdominal obesity, and fat energy intake may be a mediator of this association in rural Chinese populations. Clarifying the mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for abdominal obesity.Trial registration numberChiCTR-OOC-15006699

scholarly journals Inverse association between diabetes and altitude: A cross-sectional study in the adult population of the United States

Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2080-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orison O. Woolcott ◽  
Oscar A. Castillo ◽  
Cesar Gutierrez ◽  
Robert M. Elashoff ◽  
Darko Stefanovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Promoting a Healthy Diet in Young Adults: The Role of Nutrition Labelling

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Buyuktuncer ◽  
Aylin Ayaz ◽  
Damla Dedebayraktar ◽  
Elif Inan-Eroglu ◽  
Basma Ellahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Label Use

The use of the nutrition facts label has been associated with healthy eating behaviors for adults. However, the relationship between nutrition facts label use and overall diet quality is not well known in young adults, a vulnerable group that acquire lifelong eating behaviors during this period of life. This study aimed to assess if the use of information on the nutrition facts label is associated with a higher diet quality in young adults. In this cross-sectional study, 958 university students aged 18–34 years were recruited. Nutrition facts label use was recorded. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) scores were calculated. HEI-2005 score was significantly associated with using nutrition facts label (p < 0.001). The mean total HEI-2005 score was 60.7 ± 10.11, 62.4 ± 11.43 and 67.1 ± 12.23 respectively for never, sometimes and everytime users of nutrition facts label (p < 0.001). Sub-group scores of HEI-2005 for total fruits, whole fruits, total vegetables, whole grains, milk, oils, saturated fat, and calories from solid fat, alcohol and added sugar (SoFAAS) were significantly higher in regular nutrition facts label users (p < 0.05, for each). This study showed that young adults who regularly use the nutrition facts label have a higher diet quality.

Characterizing energy intake misreporting and its effects on intake estimations, in the Portuguese adult population

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Magalhães ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Duarte Torres ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Covariate Information ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Activity Survey

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to evaluate energy intake misreporting prevalence, its associated factors and its effects on nutrient intake, in the Portuguese population aged from 18 to 84 years.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Portugal.Subjects:Adults participants from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, IAN-AF, 2015–2016, who provided two complete 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information.Results:Under, plausible and over-reporters were identified according to the Goldberg method. Total misreporting prevalence was 29·9 %, being 28·5 % of under-reporting and 1·4 % of over-reporting. The current study found higher odds of being classified as an under-reporter especially in participants with higher BMI and in those who self-reported health perception status as non-favourable. Energy intake estimation increases by 853.5 kJ/d (204 kcal/d) when misreporters are excluded, and the same tendency is observed for macro and micronutrients. It is worth mentioning that the prevalence of inadequacy for protein intake decreases by about 5 % when considering plausible reporters.Conclusions:The exclusion of misreporters has a small impact on the crude energy and nutrient estimates as well as on assessing the contribution of nutrients to total energy intake. However, a moderate impact was observed in the estimation of nutrient inadequacy prevalence.

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