scholarly journals Diet Quality in Association with All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality Among US Adults: NHANES 1999–2010 (OR14-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Danielle Haslam ◽  
Mengyuan Ruan ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
Mengxi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend a healthy eating pattern for chronic disease prevention. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate diet quality by adherence to the 2015 DGA in association with mortality outcomes among a representative sample of US adults. Methods Using dietary data collected by 24-hour diet recalls among 29,098 US adults aged 20+ years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2010, we estimated adherence to the 2015 DGA using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Mortality from all cause, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer were obtained from linkage to the National Death Index Mortality data. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after multivariable adjustments. Results The mean (SE) of total HEI-2015 was 50.1 (0.2). During a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 2861 total deaths occurred, including 726 CVD and 671 cancer deaths. Compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of HEI-2015, those in the highest quartile had a 16% lower risk of all-cause mortality (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72–0.90; P-trend = 0.04) and a 31% lower risk of cancer mortality (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50–0.95; P-trend = 0.06). The lower all-cause and cancer mortality among those with higher HEI-2015 scores was confined to individuals with comorbidity conditions at baseline (all-cause mortality: Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67–0.94; p-trend = 0.005; cancer mortality: Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30–0.69; p-trend = 0.001), former smokers (all-cause mortality: Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49–0.88; p-trend = 0.006; cancer mortality: Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.29–0.74; p-trend = 0.005), and those with a body mass index of 18.5–25 kg/m2 (all-cause mortality: Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46–0.79; p-trend < 0.001; cancer mortality: Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22–0.70; p-trend = 0.001). Similar associations were found between men and women. No significant associations were observed between HEI-2015 and CVD mortality. Conclusions Better adherence to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines of Americans is associated with lower all-cause and cancer mortality among US adults. Funding Sources National Institute of Health/National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs    

scholarly journals Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index–2015 and Other Dietary Patterns May Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Mortality, and All-Cause Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Hu ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Casey M Rebholz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Background The Healthy Eating Index–2015 (HEI-2015) score measures adherence to recommendations from the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HEI-2015 was altered from the HEI-2010 by reclassifying sources of dietary protein and replacing the empty calories component with 2 new components: saturated fats and added sugars. Objectives Our aim was to assess whether the HEI-2015 score, along with 3 other previously defined indices, were associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 12,413 participants aged 45–64 y (56% women) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. The HEI-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial (DASH) scores were computed using the average dietary intakes of Visits 1 (1987–1989) and 3 (1993–1995). Incident CVD, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality data were ascertained from baseline through 31 December, 2017. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. Results There were 4509 cases of incident CVD, 1722 cases of CVD mortality, and 5747 cases of all-cause mortality over a median of 24–25 y of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of HEI-2015, participants in the highest quintile had a 16% lower risk of incident CVD (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76–0.93; P-trend &lt; 0.001), 32% lower risk of CVD mortality (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.58–0.80; P-trend &lt; 0.001), and 18% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75–0.89; P-trend &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle covariates. There were similar protective associations for AHEI-2010, aMed, and DASH scores, and no significant interactions by race. Conclusions Higher adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was associated with lower risks of incident CVD, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality among US adults.

scholarly journals Adherence to dietary guidelines and 15-year risk of all-cause mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Russell ◽  
Victoria Flood ◽  
Elena Rochtchina ◽  
Bamini Gopinath ◽  
Margaret Allman-Farinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Risk

Past investigation of diet in relation to disease or mortality has tended to focus on individual nutrients. However, there has been a recent shift to now focus on overall patterns of food intake. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between diet quality reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines and mortality in a sample of older Australians, and to report on the relationship between core food groups and diet quality. This was a population-based cohort study of persons aged 49 years or older at baseline, living in two postcode areas west of Sydney, Australia. Baseline dietary data were collected during 1992–4, from 2897 people using a 145-item Willett-derived FFQ. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine diet quality scores. The Australian National Death Index provided 15-year mortality data using multiple data linkage steps. Hazard risk (HR) ratios and 95 % CI for mortality were assessed for diet quality. Subjects in quintile 5 (highest) of the Total Diet Score had a 21 % reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0·79, 95 % CI 0·63, 0·98, Ptrend= 0·04) compared with those in quintile 1 (lowest) after multivariate adjustment. The present study provides longitudinal support for a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in an older population who have greater compliance with published dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Greater Adherence to Dietary Guidelines were Associated with Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Ling Wu ◽  
Yan-Bin Ye ◽  
Long-Yun Peng ◽  
Yu-Ming Chen ◽  
Fang-Fang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The evidence regarding the impact of the healthy eating index on the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. To examine the associations of adherence to the Chinese and American dietary guidelines and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese individuals with T2D. Methods This 1:1 matched case-control study included 419 enrolled pairs hospital-based CVD cases and controls who were matched by age and sex, in Guangdong province, China, all of whom had T2D. A structured questionnaire and a 79-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect general information and dietary intake information. Diet quality scores were calculated according to the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Results After adjustment for various confounding factors, the higher diet quality scores on the CHEI and HEI-2015 showed a significant association with a lower risk of CVD. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per 5-score increment were 0.88(0.83,0.92) in the CHEI and 0.80(0.74,0.88) in the HEI-2015, respectively. In stratified analyses, the protective associations remained significant in the subgroups of sex, smoking status, tea-drinking, hypertension state, dyslipidemia state, BMI, and T2D duration, but not among the drinkers in CHEI. Conclusion Greater adherence to the most recent Chinese or American dietary guidelines were associated with a lower risk of CVD incidents among Chinese patients with T2D.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and All-Cause Mortality: Findings from the CRIC study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1415-1415
Author(s):  
Emily Hu ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Cheryl Anderson ◽  
Lawrence Appel ◽  
Morgan Grams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objectives Current dietary guidelines recommend that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients reduce intake of individual nutrients, such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein. This approach can be difficult for patients to implement and ignores important nutrient interactions. Our objective was to define the association of healthy dietary patterns with risk of CKD progression and all-cause mortality among people with CKD. Methods We analyzed data from 2403 participants aged 21–74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20–70 mL/min/1.73 m2 and dietary data in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean diet (aMed), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores were calculated using data collected from food frequency questionnaires. We analyzed the association between these dietary patterns and two main outcomes: 1) CKD progression defined as ≥50% eGFR decline, kidney transplantation, or dialysis, and 2) all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results There were 855 cases of CKD progression and 773 deaths over a maximum of 14 years. Compared with participants with the lowest adherence, the most highly adherent tertile of AHEI-2010, aMed, and DASH had lower adjusted risk of CKD progression with the strongest association for aMed (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.90). Nuts and legumes were independently associated with lower risk of CKD progression. Compared with participants with the lowest adherence, the highest adherence tertiles for all four scores had a 24–31% lower adjusted risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Greater adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of CKD progression and all-cause mortality among people with CKD. Guidance to adopt healthy dietary patterns should be incorporated into guidelines for individuals with CKD. Funding Sources NIH (NHLBI, NIDDK).

scholarly journals Maternal night-eating and lower diet quality during pregnancy are associated with substantial postpartum weight retention

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
See Ling Loy ◽  
Yin Bun Cheung ◽  
Colega Marjorelee ◽  
Airu Chia ◽  
Chad Yixian Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Postpartum Weight Retention ◽  
Weight Retention ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Postpartum Weight ◽  
Fasting Duration

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that synchronizing eating-fasting schedules with body's circadian rhythms or day-night cycles is important for metabolic health. Besides food quantity and quality, food timing may contribute to weight regulation. However, it is unclear if this factor during pregnancy can influence maternal weight retention after childbirth. Using data from a prospective cohort, the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study, we examined the associations of maternal circadian eating pattern and diet quality in pregnancy with substantial postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 18 months. We assessed 687 pregnant women for their circadian eating pattern (night-eating, night-fasting and eating episodes) and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index) based on information derived from 24-h dietary recall at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. Night-eating was defined as > 50% of total energy intake during 1900–0659 h; night-fasting duration was determined based on the longest fasting interval between consumption of a calorie-containing food or beverage during 1900–0659 h; eating episodes were defined as events that provided ≥ 210 kJ with time intervals between eating episodes of ≥ 15 min; diet quality was ascertained using the Healthy Eating Index which measures adherence to the Singapore dietary guidelines for pregnant women. PPWR was calculated by subtracting the weight at the first antenatal clinic visit from weight at 18-month postpartum. Substantial PPWR was defined as weight retention of 5 kg or more. Adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, education, parity, night shift, mood, body mass index and total energy intake, multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) of substantial PPWR in relation to circadian eating pattern and diet quality. Of 687 women, 110 (16%) had substantial PPWR. After confounders adjustment, night-eating (OR 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.05, 3.62) and lower diet quality (1.91; 1.17, 3.10) were independently associated with higher odds of substantial PPWR. No associations with substantial PPWR were observed for night-fasting duration and number of eating episodes. During pregnancy, women with higher caloric consumption at night and lower diet quality had a greater likelihood of substantial PPWR. These findings suggest that aligning eating time with day-night cycles and adherence to dietary guidelines during pregnancy may help to alleviate overweight and obesity risk in postpartum life. There is a possibility that these eating patterns persist beyond pregnancy and pose implications for long-term obesity development. Further investigation on this area is required.

scholarly journals Mediterranean, DASH, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index Dietary Patterns and Risk of Death in the Physicians’ Health Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Yash R. Patel ◽  
Jeremy M. Robbins ◽  
J. Michael Gaziano ◽  
Luc Djoussé
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Objective: Our primary objective was to examine the associations of the Mediterranean (MED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) diet with total mortality. Our secondary objective was to examine the association of these three dietary patterns with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Research: Design and Methods: We prospectively studied 15,768 men from the Physicians’ Health Study who completed a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Scores from each dietary pattern were divided into quintiles. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio’s (95% confidence intervals) of mortality. Results: At baseline, average age was 65.9 ± 8.9 years. There were 1763 deaths, including 488 CVD deaths and 589 cancer deaths. All diet scores were inversely associated with risk for all-cause mortality: Hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause mortality from lowest to highest quintile for MED diet were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.73–0.98), 0.80 (0.69–0.93), 0.77 (0.66–0.90), and 0.68 (0.58–0.79); corresponding values were 1.0 (reference), 0.96 (0.82–1.12), 0.95 (0.82–1.11), 0.88 (0.75–1.04), and 0.83 (0.71–0.99) for DASH diet and 1.0 (reference), 0.88 (0.77–1.02), 0.82 (0.71–0.95), 0.69 (0.59, 0.81), and 0.56 (0.47–0.67) for AHEI diet, after adjusting for age, energy, smoking, exercise, BMI, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. For cause-specific mortality, MED and AHEI scores were inversely associated with lower risk for CVD mortality, whereas AHEI and MED scores were inversely associated with lower risk for cancer mortality. Conclusion: Within this cohort of male physicians, AHEI, MED, and DASH scores were each inversely associated with mortality from all causes.

scholarly journals An Examination of Demographic and Psychosocial Factors, Barriers to Healthy Eating, and Diet Quality Among African American Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Richards Adams ◽  
Wilson Figueroa ◽  
Irene Hatsu ◽  
James Odei ◽  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
African American Adults

A healthy diet is associated with lower risk of chronic disease. African Americans generally have poor diet quality and experience a higher burden of many chronic diseases. We examined the associations of demographic and psychosocial factors and barriers to diet quality among African American adults. This cross-sectional study included 100 African American adults in a southeastern metropolitan area. Psychosocial factors (social support, self-efficacy), and barriers to healthy eating were assessed with validated measures. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010). Nested linear regressions were used to examine the association between the variables of interest and HEI scores. Participants reported having social support (M (mean) = 2.0, SD (standard deviation) = 0.6, range 0–3), high levels of self-efficacy (M = 3.1, SD = 0.7, range 1–4), and low barriers (M = 1.4, SD = 0.6, range 0–4) to engage in healthy eating but total mean HEI scores needed improvement (M = 54.8, SD = 10.9, range 27.1–70.0). Participants consumed significantly higher empty calories and lower whole fruits, dairy, and total protein foods than the national average. Barriers to healthy eating (b = −12.13, p = 0.01) and the interaction between age and barriers (b = 0.25, p = 0.02) were most strongly associated with lower HEI scores. Younger African Americans with the highest barriers to healthy eating had the lowest HEI scores. Culturally appropriate interventions targeting empty calories, barriers to healthy eating, and knowledge of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are needed for African Americans.

scholarly journals Defining Diet Quality: A Review of Diet Metrics as Applied to the Double Burden of Malnutrition (OR17-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Miller ◽  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Renata Micha ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Meeting most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) will require a strong focus on tackling all forms of malnutrition─ addressing maternal and child health (MCH) as well as diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, the optimal metrics to define a healthy diet remain unclear. Our aim was to comprehensively review diet metrics and assess the evidence on each metric's association with MCH and NCDs. Methods Using comprehensive searches and expert discussions, we identified metrics that i) are used in ≥3 countries to link diet to health, ii) quantify the number of foods/food groups consumed and/or iii) quantify recommended nutrient intakes. We reviewed and summarized each metric's development, components and scoring. For each identified metric, we systematically searched PubMed to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating these metrics with nutrient adequacy and health outcomes. We assessed validity by grading the number of studies included and the consistency of the diet metric-disease relationship. Results We identified 6 MCH, 13 NCD and 0 MCH/NCD metrics. Most were developed for describing adherence to dietary guidelines or patterns, and others were developed for predicting micronutrient adequacy. On average, the metrics included 14 food groups/nutrients (range 4–45), with 10 food-group only metrics and 0 nutrient-only metrics. The most frequent metric components were grains/roots/tubers, fruits and vegetables. We identified 16 meta-analyses and 14 narrative reviews representing 102 metric-disease relationships (98 metric-NCD and 4 metric-MCH relationships, respectively). We found 5 metrics that have been consistently validated in meta-analyses and narrative reviews for NCDs, 1 metric with limited evidence for MCH, but 0 metrics for both. Of the metrics, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MED) were most commonly validated, especially for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (Figure 1). Conclusions Few diet metrics have been used in multiple countries to define a healthy diet. This suggests a serious gap in global analyses of diet quality relating to malnutrition in all its forms, which hinders effective policy action. Funding Sources Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Is The Healthy Eating Index-2015 Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiyeh Nayebi ◽  
Davood Soleimani ◽  
Shayan Mostafaei ◽  
Negin Elahi ◽  
Homayoun Elahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) is a multidimensional criterion of diet quality utilized to evaluate how well people’s dietary behaviors align with major recommendations of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. We aim to investigate the association between the diet quality and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: This study was done on 184 patients with RA in rheumatology clinic in Kermanshah city, Iran, in 2020. RA was diagnosed according to the criteria of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/ European League against Rheumatism. The overall quality diet was extracted from a validated 168-item food frequency questioner (FFQ) to calculate the HEI-2015 score. RA disease activity was assessed using Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) scores. One-way ANOVA and ANCOVA were done to find the associations.Participants: RA patientsResults: Individuals in the highest HEI-2015 quartile had a lower mean Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) than those in the lowest quartiles of the HEI scores (P-value: 0.014). A linear trend towards decreasing waist circumference in patients was observed with increasing quartiles of the HEI-2015 scores (P-value= 0.005). After controlling for all potential confounders, patients in the highest HEI-2015 quartile had the lowest DAS28 scores than those in the lowest quartile of the HEI-2015 scores (Q1= 3.65; 95% CI= 3.29 – 4.02 vs. Q4= 2.35; 95% CI= 1.94 - 2.67; P-value<0.001).Conclusion: Our results indicated that following a high diet quality might be one of the therapeutic strategies to control or reduce the disease activity in RA patients.

Dietary Patterns And Risk Of Cancer: Current Evidence And Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Alternative Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Diet Score

Dietary patterns capture the overall diet and its constituent foods and nutrients, representing a powerful approach to identifying the effect of nutrition on health and disease. In this review, we describe the two main approaches being used to characterize dietary patterns: a prior approach that defines dietary patterns using predefined diet quality indices, and a posterior approach that derives dietary patterns using factor or cluster analysis. Methods to define diet quality indices (Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score) are presented, and their similarities and differences are discussed among the different approaches. We review the recent evidence on the relationships between dietary patterns and cancer outcomes, including all-cancer incidence and mortality and the incidence of colorectal, breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Despite the different methods that are used to characterize dietary patterns in different studies, results consistently suggest that adherence to existing dietary guidelines is associated with a reduced risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Given the important role of dietary patterns in cancer prevention, clinicians need to consider providing appropriate nutrition counseling  to improve patients’ dietary patterns. Continuous efforts need to be devoted to better characterize the relationships between dietary patterns and cancer risk by studying specific cancer types, different cancer subtypes, and population subgroups, with a better approach that can accurately assess dietary patterns throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables and 91 references Key words: Alternative Healthy Eating Index, breast cancer, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, cluster analysis, colorectal cancer, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, dietary patterns, diet quality index, factor analysis, Healthy Eating Index, lung cancer, Mediterranean Diet Score, prostate cancer, Recommended Food Score

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