scholarly journals Changes of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids Profiles in Pregnancy in Relation to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjun Li ◽  
Yeyi Zhu ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Stefanie N Hinkle ◽  
Deirdre K Tobias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Plasma phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) in early and mid-pregnancy have been prospectively related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Yet, changes of FAs following GDM diagnosis and treatment and their implications for glucose metabolism and control remain understudied. Methods From the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies–Singleton Cohort of 2802 pregnant women, we ascertained 85 GDM cases using the Carpenter and Coustan criteria and 85 non-GDM controls after exclusion. Using plasma collected before (23–31 weeks) and after GDM diagnosis (33–39 weeks), we quantified 25 saturated, poly- and monounsaturated FAs levels. We estimated the fold change of FAs before and after GDM diagnosis, using multiple linear mixed models adjusting for confounders. Results Eight FAs showed significant fold changes from the baseline values (23–31 weeks) among GDM cases as compared to women without GDM. Five FAs showed reduced fold changes [myristic acid (14:0): β: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.30, −0.14), palmitic acid (16:0): β: −0.02 (95% CI: −0.04, −0.01), cis-palmitoleic acid (16:1n7): β: −0.15 (95% CI: −0.24, −0.05), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n3): β: −0.19 (95% CI: −0.31, −0.07], and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid (20:3n6): β:−0.16; 95% CI: −0.21, −0.11)], whereas 3 showed increases [heptadecanoic acid (17:0): β: 0.17 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.22), cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n7): β: 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.10), and arachidonic acid (20:4n6): β: 0.10 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.13)]. Conclusions Our study identified 8 FAs with unique patterns of change before and after GDM diagnosis that differed significantly between women with and without GDM. Our findings may shed light on the role of FA metabolism in the pathophysiology and disease management and progression of GDM. Clinical Trial Registry NCT00912132

159-OR: Changes of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Pregnancy in Relation to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 159-OR
Author(s):  
LING-JUN LI ◽  
YEYI ZHU ◽  
JING WU ◽  
DEIRDRE K. TOBIAS ◽  
STEFANIE HINKLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals The Role of Arachidonic and Linoleic Acid Derivatives in Pathological Pregnancies and the Human Reproduction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9628
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szczuko ◽  
Justyna Kikut ◽  
Natalia Komorniak ◽  
Jacek Bilicki ◽  
Zbigniew Celewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
In Pregnancy

The aim of the available literature review was to focus on the role of the proinflammatory mediators of AA and LA derivatives in pathological conditions related to reproduction and pregnancy. Arachidonic (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) derivatives play important roles in human fertility and the course of pathological pregnancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that uncontrolled inflammation has a significant impact on reproduction, spermatogenesis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) genesis, implantation, pregnancy and labor. In addition, cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandins and AA metabolite levels are higher in women’s ovarian tissue when suffering from PCOS. It has been demonstrated that abnormal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels are associated with ovulation failure, infertility, and implantation disorders and the increase in 9-HODE/13-HODE was a feature recognized in PCOS patients. Maintaining inflammation without neutrophil participation allows pregnant women to tolerate the fetus, while excessive inflammatory activation may lead to miscarriages and other pathological complications in pregnancies. Additionally AA and LA derivatives play an important role in pregnancy pathologies, e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia (PE), and fetal growth, among others. The pathogenesis of PE and other pathological states in pregnancy involving eicosanoids have not been fully identified. A significant expression of 15-LOX-1,2 was found in women with PE, leading to an increase in the synthesis of AA and LA derivatives, such as hydroxyeicozatetraenoic acids (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadiene acids (HODE). Synthesis of the metabolites 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-HETE increased in the placenta, while 20-HETE increased only in umbilical cord blood in women with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies. In obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) an increase in epoxygenase products in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and the level of 20-HETE associated with the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) were found. In addition, 12- and 20-HETE levels were associated with arterial vasoconstriction and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with arterial vasodilatation and uterine relaxation. Furthermore, higher levels of 5- and 15-HETE were associated with premature labor. By analyzing the influence of free fatty acids (FFA) and their derivatives on male reproduction, it was found that an increase in the AA in semen reduces its amount and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids showed higher values in infertile men compared to the fertile control group. There are several studies on the role of HETE/HODE in relation to male fertility. 15-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid may affect the integrity of the membrane and sperm function. Moreover, the incubation of sperm with physiologically low levels of prostaglandins (PGE2/PGF2α) improves the functionality of human sperm. Undoubtedly, these problems are still insufficiently understood and require further research. However, HETE and HODE could serve as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for pregnancy pathologies (especially in women with risk factors for overweight and obesity). Such knowledge may be helpful in finding new treatment strategies for infertility and the course of high-risk pregnancies.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns and Gestational Diabetes Risk: A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sedaghat ◽  
Mahdieh Akhoondan ◽  
Mehdi Ehteshami ◽  
Vahideh Aghamohammadi ◽  
Nila Ghanei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After

Background. Maternal dietary patterns play an important role in the progress of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the present study was to explore this association.Method. A total of 388 pregnant women (122 case and 266 control) were included. Dietary intake were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). GDM was diagnosed using a 100-gram, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary pattern was identified by factor analysis. To investigate the relation between each of the independent variables with gestational diabetes, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated.Results. Western dietary pattern was high in sweets, jams, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fat, high-fat dairy products, potatoes, organ meat, eggs, red meat, processed foods, tea, and coffee. The prudent dietary pattern was characterized by higher intake of liquid oils, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruits and dried fruits, fish and poultry whole, and refined grains. Western dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus before and after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.27–3.04, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04–2.27). However, no significant association was found for a prudent pattern.Conclusion. These findings suggest that the Western dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Robert Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance

After many years of uncertainty regarding the true pathological nature of mild gestational diabetes and the possible benefits of treatment, the situation appears to have been resolved by the publication of the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS). It is now appropriate for obstetric units to review their treatment and screening programs for gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, with the publication of the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) trial, consideration should be given as to whether metformin should be the first choice when diet fails to maintain glycemic control.

scholarly journals Lentinus edodes Exposure before and after Fetus Implantation: Materno-Fetal Development in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Laurino ◽  
Fabia Viroel ◽  
Erika Caetano ◽  
Sara Spim ◽  
Thaisa Pickler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Before And After

Background: The presence of β-glucans and phenolic compounds in Lentinus edodes suggests this mushroom can be used as a nutritional supplement. Two gestational conditions (before and after fetus implantation) were evaluated, and Lentinus edodes exposure was performed in diabetes mellitus rat model induced by streptozotocin in pre-clinical tests. Methods: On the 20th day of pregnancy, cesarean sections were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical, hematologic parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Placenta and amniotic fluid were collected, and fetuses were analyzed through morphological evaluation. Results: The mushroom did not reduce the severe hyperglycemia of the mother-concept but promoted an increase in maternal insulin levels; reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol; protected the animals from post-implantation losses. Liver damage induced by streptozotocin was reversed in experimental groups. Conclusions: Lentinus edodes mushroom has antioxidant properties that can minimize the damage caused by gestational diabetes mellitus.

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