scholarly journals Body Weight and Feather Growth of Male Barrow's Goldeneye During Wing Molt

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Debbie van de Wetering ◽  
Fred Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Primary Feather ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We studied the timing, duration, and rate of wing molt of male Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica). The mean daily change in primary feather length was 2.6%, which is consistent with rates reported for other waterfowl species. The mean length of the flightless period was 31 days (range: 27–34 days), excluding the pre-shedding interval. Wing molt extended from early July to mid-September. Peak wing molt occurred between 20 July and 23 August. The mean body weight of adult males decreased significantly during wing molt. Heavier birds had greater remigial growth rates and experienced more substantial declines in body weight than lighter birds, suggesting that body reserves may be used to increase the rate of remigial growth.

scholarly journals Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Alexander K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

scholarly journals Relationship Among Breeding, Molting, and Wintering Areas of Male Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala Islandica) in Eastern North America

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Robert ◽  
Réjean Benoit ◽  
Jean-Pierre L. Savard
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
North American Population ◽  
American Population ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
The Mean ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Little is known of the eastern North American population of Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), which was recently listed as “of special concern” in Canada. In 1998 and 1999, we marked 18 adult males wintering along the St. Lawrence River, Québec, with satellite transmitters to document their breeding, molting, and wintering distribution and phenology, and to describe timing and routes of their spring, molt, and fall migrations. Thirteen males moved inland from the St. Lawrence River to breed; the spring migration averaged 5.9 days, and birds arrived on breeding areas on average 9 May. All breeding areas were inland, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River estuary and gulf. Breeding areas averaged 64.8 km from the St. Lawrence corridor. Males stayed on their respective breeding area a mean of 34.5 days, and left on average 11 June. Twelve males were tracked to their molting areas, one of which stayed on its wintering area until 5 June and flew directly to its molting area. Their molt migration averaged 18.6 days, and the mean arrival date on molting areas was 30 June. All molting areas were located north and averaged 986 km from breeding areas. Four males molted in Hudson Bay, four in Ungava Bay, two in northern Labrador, one on Baffin Island, and one inland, near the Québec–Labrador border. The mean length of stay on the molting areas was 105.3 days, and the mean date of departure from molting areas was 4 October. All goldeneyes for which the radio still functioned during fall migration returned to winter in the St. Lawrence River estuary, on average 6 November. Our results refute the idea that the main breeding area of the eastern North American population of Barrow's Goldeneyes is located in northern Québec and Labrador and rather indicate that it is in the boreal forest just north of the St. Lawrence River estuary and gulf. They also indicate that Barrow's Goldeneye males undertake a genuine molt migration, and highlight the importance of molting areas because birds stayed there approximately four months each year.

Comparative breed studies of beef cattle. I. Changes in body weight

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 882 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Tulloh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

A comparative growth study was made of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, and beef Shorthorn cattle reared and kept together throughout their lives on irrigated perennial pastures at the Metropolitan Farm, Werribee, Vic. Records of body weight as a function of age were obtained on 404 Hereford, 172 Aberdeen Angus, and 127 Shorthorn cattle, representing cattle born in 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1960. At birth, male calves were significantly heavier than females, and Hereford calves were significantly heavier than Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus calves, the birth weights of Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus calves being similar. Up to the age of 5 years, the younger and lighter 2-year-old cows produced lighter calves than cows which were both older and heavier. At weaning age (9.5 months) steers were significantly heavier than heifers. Herefords were significantly heavier than Aberdeen Angus in two years out of three; and in one year out of three, Herefords were significantly heavier than Shorthorns. Shorthorns were significantly heavier than Aberdeen Angus in one year out of three. When the steers were finally weighed off grass at the mean age of either 20 months (1958, 1959, and 1960 cattle) or 25 months (1957 cattle), Herefords were significantly heavier than Aberdeen Angus in four successive years, and in one year out of four the Herefords were significantly heavier than Shorthorns. In three years out of four, Shorthorns were significantly heavier than Aberdeen Angus. Breed differences between the mean weights of breeding cows were not significant and, up to the age of 5 years, as breeding cows grew older they became heavier. Body weight growth curves indicated that the cattle experienced a severe check in growth during the winter months (June, July, August). At other times of the year, growth rates were satisfactory. Cattle born in some years grew better than cattle born in others. This was thought to be due partly to differences between years in the quality and quantity of pasture available, even though the pastures were irrigated. Average absolute and average relative growth rates were calculated for the 1957 and 1958 steers before and after weaning. Breed differences in absolute growth rates before weaning were not statistically significant, but after weaning, rates were significantly the highest for Herefords in both years. The breed differences in average relative growth rates were in the same direction as those for absolute growth rates. However, the pre-weaning relative growth rate of Shorthorns was significantly higher than those of the other breeds among the 1957 steers. When due allowance was made for the smaller size of Aberdeen Angus steers at birth and at weaning, the relative growth rates of this breed were less than those of the other breeds. Absolute and relative growth rates were higher for all breeds before weaning than afterwards. This was mainly a reflexion of low post-weaning growth rates during the winter months. Rank correlation coefficients between birth weight and weight at subsequent ages were low and variable in different breeds and in different seasons. However, coefficients calculated between subsequent ages, beginning at weaning age, were generally highly significant. The breed and sex differences presented in this paper have been compared with the limited data from the literature and, in general, the results are similar.

Effects of Photoperiods on the Growth Performance of Juvenile Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Awasthi ◽  
Pragya Gupta ◽  
Farah Bano ◽  
Mohammad Serajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
The Mean

Juvenile of Trichogaster lalius was reared under three photoperiod conditions (0L:24D, 12L:12D, 16L:08D) for 60 days to examine the growth performance under laboratory conditions. The maximum growth was observed in the juvenile of T. lalius exposed to 16:00 hrs. light. The mean body weight of different groups of juvenile fish exposed to different light conditions were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other which was observed from 20thday of the experiment. The absolute, specific, and relative growth rates were found to be maximum in the group exposed to 16:00 hrs. light duration. The present study indicated that 16:00 hrs. light duration was considered to be better for the growth of juvenile of T. lalius under controlled condition.

scholarly journals Weight-Based Dosing in Hemophilia a: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label, Crossover Trial to Measure Factor VIII Recovery Following Factor VIII Concentrate Dosing Based on Total Body Weight, Ideal Body Weight, and Lean Body Mass

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Craig D. Seaman ◽  
Margaret V. Ragni ◽  
Jonathan G. Yabes ◽  
Christina Lalama
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Open Label ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of obesity has not spared the hemophilia population with rates similar to those in the general population. Obesity alters the pharmacokinetic properties of many drugs making it difficult to determine the appropriate dose when administering medications based on total body weight (TBW). Alternative descriptors of body weight, such as lean body mass (LBM) and ideal body weight (IBW) are sometimes used in these situations. Under-or overdosing of clotting factor concentrates in hemophilia may have catastrophic consequences. It has been demonstrated that when recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) is dosed according to TBW in overweight and obese hemophiliacs, FVIII recovery values are greater than the expected 2.0 IU/dl per IU/kg. These findings suggest the need for alternative methods of rFVIII dosing in individuals whose morphometric characteristics differ from the ideal. Methods: We performed a single-center, randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover trial to determine if rFVIII dosing based on LBM and IBW achieves a targeted FVIII recovery with better precision than based on TBW in overweight and obese (body mass index ≥25 mg/m2), adult males (age ≥18) with hemophilia A (FVIII activity ≤0.40 IU/dl). Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 possible dosing sequence scenarios based on 3 different weight-based dosing regimens (TBW, LBM, and IBW). Recombinant FVIII dosing was calculated based on weight and a targeted FVIIII recovery of 2.0 IU/dl per IU/kg. Each subject administered his own rFVIII on three separate weeks following a washout period of at least 72 hrs. FVIII recovery was determined using the one-stage clotting assay obtained before and 30 min after infusion. Outcomes consisted of FVIII recovery and the proportion of participantsachieving a targeted FVIII recovery of 2.0 +/- 0.2 IU/dl per IU/kg 30 min after infusion. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed using mixed effects linear and logistic regression with random subject effect adjusted for week. Results: Between September 2015 and March 2019, 30 eligible patients were randomized to 1 of 6 rFVIII weight-based dosing scenarios consisting of TBW, LBM, and IBW. Nineteen participants completed the study. The mean age of participants was 34.6 +/- 11.3 years. The average body mass index (BMI) of participants was 29.2 +/- 3.5 kg/m2. Twenty-six participants had severe hemophilia A and 2 participants each had moderate and mild hemophilia A. Of those receiving at least 1 dose of rFVIII, Eloctate, 66.7%, Advate, 14.3%, and Novoeight, 9.5%, were the most commonly administered products. The mean FVIII recovery for TBW, LBM, and IBW-based dosing was 2.45 (95% CI: 2.27, 2.64), 2.08 (95% CI: 1.89, 2.26), and 2.17 (95% CI: 1.99, 2.35) IU/dl per IU/kg, respectively. The mean FVIII recovery was higher in TBW vs LBW and IBW-based dosing (Table 1).The proportion of participants with a targeted FVIII recovery of 2.0 +/- 0.2 IU/dl per IU/kg was 0.25 (95% CI; 0.09, 0.52), 0.39 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.64), and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.77) for TBW, LBM, and IBW-based dosing, respectively. There was no difference in the proportion of participants with a targeted FVIII recovery of 2.0 +/- 0.2 IU/dl per IU/kg in TBW vs LBM and IBW-based dosing (Table 1). Discussion: In this study, rFVIII dosed according to TBW resulted in a higher FVIII recovery value than LBM and IBW-based dosing in overweight and obese, adult males with hemophilia A. There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants with a targeted FVIII recovery of 2.0 +/- 0.2 IU/dl per IU/kg in TBW vs LBM and IBW-based dosing; however, effect estimates favor alternative dosing strategies with LBM and IBW-based dosing 1.93 and 3.65 times, respectively, having greater odds of achieving targeted FVIII recovery. This may be due to limited statistical power as only 79.2% of the necessary number of participants completed the study. In addition, the rFVIII dose was erroneously calculated in 7 participants resulting in the administration of a smaller than intended amount. This primarily affected IBW and LBM-based dosing, which may have served to reduce the effect size above. In conclusion, based on these findings, overweight and obese patients with hemophilia A should undergo individualized pharmacokinetic studies using alternative descriptors of body weight to determine the most accurate, and cost-effective, method of achieving targeted FVIII recovery values. Disclosures Seaman: Takeda: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy; Spark Therapeutics: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy. Ragni:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baxalta/Takeda, BioMarin, Bioverativ, and Spark Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sangamo: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Alnylam/Sanofi, ATHN, BioMarin, Bioverativ, Sangamo, Spark: Research Funding; Bioverativ: Consultancy, Research Funding; Spark: Consultancy, Research Funding; BioMarin: Consultancy, Research Funding; Alnylam/Sanofi, BioMarin, Bioverativ, Spark: Consultancy; American Thrombosis Hemostasis Network: Other: Committee work; Baxalta/Takeda, CSL Behring, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, OPKO Biologics, and Vascular Medicine Institute: Research Funding.

Food availability and primary feather molt in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Swaddle ◽  
Mark S. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
Primary Feather ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Feather Molt ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
And Control

The effects of food quality and overall food intake on molt have been experimentally investigated in a number of species. However, little is known concerning the influence of periodic food availability on molt parameters, although there are some associations in the field. In this study, we experimentally manipulated food availability through food deprivation during the molt of adult and juvenile European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. By monitoring molt scores, wingtip shape, and lengths and length asymmetries of primary feathers during molt, we demonstrated that food deprivation can influence molt. Food-deprived juvenile starlings exhibited slower feather growth rates, although the duration and rate of molt were not affected. There were no differences in wingtip shape between food-deprived and control birds at the end of molt for either adults or juveniles. We also observed erratic reshedding of previously molted primary feathers in juveniles, although this did not appear to be related to the experimental treatments. The results of this study imply that feather growth rates and shedding rates are differentially affected by food availability: growth rates may be decreased when food deprivation occurs, whereas shedding rates are relatively unaffected.

RNA–DNA Ratios as Indicators of Recent Growth Rates of a Fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2343-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Bulow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Notemigonus Crysoleucas ◽  
Golden Shiners

When golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) were fed at 0, 2, and 6% body weight for 15 days, the mean RNA–DNA ratios for defatted tissues (whole, eviscerated fish) were 2.18, 2.83, and 4.32, respectively, in association with mean weight changes of −16.1, 2.2, and 21.3%.Food deprivation for 30 and 45 days resulted in mean ratios of 1.66 and 1.36, in association with mean weight losses of 20.6 and 35.6% body weight. Feeding at 2% body weight for 30 and 45 days resulted in a leveling off of ratios (3.15 and 3.03, respectively) with a continued gain in body weight (19.9 and 45.6%); feeding at the 6% rate for the same durations resulted in a decline in ratios (3.91 and 3.08, respectively) with a continued gain in body weight (57.9 and 90.9%).Depriving golden shiners of food for 14 days and then resuming feeding for 6 days demonstrated that RNA–DNA ratios change rapidly, the changes being attributed primarily to changes in RNA concentrations. Mean ratios declined from 3.56 after 4 days to 2.30 after 14 days of food deprivation. When feeding was resumed, ratios averaged 3.45, 4.93, 5.07, 5.73, 5.00, and 5.14 after 1–6 days feeding, respectively.

scholarly journals Describing the growth and molt of modern domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) primary wing feathers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Leishman ◽  
Nienke van Staaveren ◽  
Don R McIntyre ◽  
Jeff Mohr ◽  
Benjamin J Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Primary Feather ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The use of feathers as noninvasive physiological measurements of biomarkers in poultry research is expanding. Feather molting patterns and growth rates, however, are not well described in domestic poultry. These parameters could influence the measurement of these biomarkers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the juvenile primary feather molting patterns and feather growth rates for domestic turkeys. The 10 primary wing feathers of 48 female turkeys were measured weekly from week 1 (0 d of age) to week 20. Feathers were manually measured, and the presence or absence of each primary feather was recorded weekly. Generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate if feather growth differed between the primary feathers. The molting of the juvenile primary feathers followed a typical descending pattern starting with P1 (5 wk of age), while P9 and P10 had not molted by the end of the study (20 wk of age). The average feather growth rate was 2.4 cm/wk, although there was a significant difference between the 10 primary feathers (P &lt; 0.0001, 2.1 to 2.8 cm/wk). Over time, feather growth followed a pattern where the growth rate reaches a peak and then declines until the feather is molted. The results of this study provide a critical update of patterns of molting and feather growth in primary wing feathers of modern turkeys. This can have implications for the interpretation of physiological biomarkers, such as the longitudinal deposition of corticosterone, in the feathers of domestic turkeys.

HAPTEN-RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Assay Precision ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol

ABSTRACT A hapten-radioimmunoassay for plasma oestradiol is described and information about the reliability of the method is given in detail. Oestradiol-3-hemisuccinate coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin is used for immunization of rabbits. The antiserum utilized for the assay is characterized by its titer, affinity and specificity. Following ether extraction and NaOH-light petroleum partition oestradiol is separated from crossreacting oestrogens by TLC. Oxidation of oestradiol on the plate is prevented by mercaptoethanol. To separate free and antibody bound ligand 250 μg dextran-coated charcoal per tube is used in the presence of bovine serum gammaglobulin (1 mg/ml). The between-assay precision based on 15 different determinations of control samples from normal adult male plasma was 9.4% (C. V.). The mean reagent blank value of 31 determinations was equivalent to 0.3 pg oestradiol and the detection limit in terms of the 99% confidence limit for a single blank value, was equivalent to 4.3 pg oestradiol. A procedure for detecting plasma blanks is described. Plasma oestradiol is separated from approximately all concomitant substances originally present in the sample by enzymatic conversion into oestrone and a second TLC. No plasma blanks could be detected with respect to normal adult male plasma. Normal values for adult males based on 51 subjects were characterized by a median of 17.2 pg/ml and the 95 percentiles of 9.5–27.6.

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