scholarly journals The Family Behavior of California Quail: A Molecular Analysis

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-967
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Calkins
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Gregarious Behavior ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Callipepla Californica ◽  
California Quail ◽  
Family Groups

Abstract During the breeding season, California Quail (Callipepla californica) form two types of groups: those with a single associated adult female (single family groups), and those with more than one associated female (communal family groups). Although single family groups are assumed to be the result of a monogamous pairing of the associated male and female, additional males often associate with these groups. I conducted a preliminary investigation of the genetic relationship among the adults and young in California Quail families using three single-locus microsatellite markers. Both male and female adults were excluded as being the parents of some proportion of the associated young. Females had higher exclusion rates in communal than in single families, while there was no difference for males. A limited number of young were excluded from being the offspring of any of the adults associated with their family. In the first of three study years, adults were more related to one another in families than they were to the population; this relationship disappeared in subsequent years, possibly as a result of disturbance on site. These results suggest that families form, in part, as a result of factors other than direct genetic parentage. These factors might include selection for increasing group size, intermittent kin selection, and proximate factors related to the gregarious behavior of California Quail.

Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
V. G. Galonsky ◽  
N. V. Tarasova ◽  
V. V. Aliamovskii ◽  
I. S. Leonovich
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Vertical Size ◽  
Relative Concept ◽  
The Ideal

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.

Ayurveda provides complete package for healthy progeny !!

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilofar Shaikh ◽  
Shilpa Donga
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Health ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Female Gamete ◽  
Static Equilibrium ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Born ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Family ◽  
State Of Mind

The woman is an axle around whom not only the family or the society but the whole Universe revolves. A good progeny probably is the only prime thing on the earth that any couple would expect child is one who protects his race from grief, miseries etc. Today due to changing lifestyle Medical world is concerned about increasing rate of congenital imperfections in the new born which is posing confront to the aim of healthy humanity. Science reveals the fact that the anatomical, physiological, psychological built up of offspring is dependent on parents who provide ‘genes’ for specific characters to the child. Best of male and female gamete (sperm and ovum – through Shodhana and following regimes before conception) Atma, Suddha Garbhashaya, proper Kala (Ritukala), and observing Garbhini Paricharya properly will ensure timely and normal delivery of a healthy offspring. The contented, positive, enthusiastic but controlled state of mind of parents during conjugation results in static equilibrium of Manogunas, increment of Satvaguna leading to high ranked Satva of Garbha grating noble qualities like piousness, dexterity, intelligence, memory, quickness for work, gratitude and positive thoughts etc. Thus, Ayurveda- A complete and holistic health science, not only deal with preventive and curative aspects of health but also has a strong footings in the field of healthy progeny from choosing of life-partner to care during pregnancy.

‘Many kyne and few that dothe for me’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Clark
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Shared Goals ◽  
Family Groups

Family relationships were the cornerstone of society, especially for women, whose time was often spent advancing their kin. But not every relationship between kin could be positive all of the time, and this is as true for women as for men. Noble dynasties are often presented either as a series of coherent family groups united in pursuit of shared goals, or, conversely, as disparate individuals as likely to fight as unite, and women are not always given space in these interpretations. Yet this need not be an either/or choice. While both these interpretations might be true under extraordinary circumstances, even the Howards did not live every moment under such intense pressures. This chapter examines the everyday relationships between the Howard women and their kin, arguing that the family were neither automatically united nor wholly disunited.

Complex transformation of divorce in Vietnam under the forces of modernization and individualism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Minh Thi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Transformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
And Gender

Abstract After more than four decades since its reunification since 1975, Vietnam has achieved remarkable results in social and economic development. With the rapid speed of recent modernization, society has loosened numerous old values related to the family and promoted individual freedoms. Marriage and family affairs, including divorce, have modernized with liberal characteristics. The paper examines the trends of divorce and reasons for divorce using statistical data from the Vietnam People's Supreme Court and from the government's annual population statistics. The analysis compiled and analysed a database of every divorce case at six urban and rural districts in Can Tho province. The analysis highlights changes in the reasons for divorce in the South in comparison with previous divorce studies in the North of Vietnam, discussed in relation to modernization, individualism and gender equality. The analysis is supported by interview data with thirty male and female divorcees.

Effects of male and female personality on sexual cannibalism in the Springbok mantis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Pollo ◽  
Nathan W Burke ◽  
Gregory I Holwell
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sexual Cannibalism ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Spillover Hypothesis

Behaviours that are consistent across contexts (also known as behavioural syndromes) can have evolutionary implications, but their role in scenarios where the sexes conflict, such as sexual cannibalism, is poorly understood. The aggressive spillover hypothesis proposes that cannibalistic attacks during adulthood may depend on female aggressiveness during earlier developmental stages, but evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. Male activity may also influence sexual cannibalism if males approach females quickly and carelessly, yet this has not been explored. Here we use the Springbok mantis, Miomantis caffra, to explore whether male activity levels and female aggressiveness can explain high rates of sexual cannibalism prior to copulation. We show that male and female personality traits affect male mating decisions, but not sexual cannibalism. Females that were aggressive as juveniles were not more likely to cannibalize males when adult, but these females were approached by males more frequently. More active males were more likely to approach females, but they were neither faster at doing so nor were they more likely to be cannibalized. We also found that size and age influenced mating decisions of both sexes: young females were more like to cannibalize males while young and large males took longer to approach females. Taken together, our results suggest that several traits, including personality, play a role in sexual encounters in M. caffra. Our study further highlights the importance of examining the traits of both sexes when assessing mating dynamics, especially in the context of sexual cannibalism.

California Quail (Callipepla californica)

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Calkins ◽  
Julie C. Hagelin ◽  
Dale F. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Callipepla Californica ◽  
California Quail

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RE-SOCIALIZATION OF CONVICTS, AS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT DIRECTIONS OF RECURRENT CRIME PREVENTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
O. Tsarkova ◽  
H. Warina
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Relationship Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of the determinants of the successful establishment and functioning of the system of re-socialization of convicts. The relevance of this problem is determined by the contradiction between the need to return prisoners to a full life in society, the need to reproduce their family interaction skills, and the insufficient theoretical, methodological and methodical elaboration of this problem. The goal is to determine the features of resocialization and disclosure of the content and essence of adaptive family relations of convicts as a factor in the prevention of recidivism in modern scientific, theoretical and practical conditions of activity and functioning of the social and legal state. It has been determined that one of the most important aspects of the return of persons serving a sentence to a full-fledged life in society is the reproduction of their skills of adaptive social interaction, including adequate family behavior, correction of permanent and rigid role and behavioral stereotypes. The family relationship of the convicted person is considered as one of the reasons for his criminal behavior and the object of early prevention of unlawful behavior. Among the features of the family relations of convicts, the following characteristic is singled out: a significant weakening of their positive ties in society. The study led to the conclusion that the restoration of socially useful relations and the formation of adaptive family behavior, the legal status of the released without the provision of effective assistance is impossible. The resocialization of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty involves the active management of this process by penitentiary institutions and state bodies, the elimination or neutralization of negative factors that impede the return of persons who have served their sentences to socially useful activities. A comprehensive approach to the process of resocialization and to the study of this socio-legal category in modern conditions of humanization and democratization of society is needed.

scholarly journals Description of three new species of Aposphragisma Thoma, 2014 (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riko Fardiansah ◽  
Nadine Dupérré ◽  
Rahayu Widyastuti ◽  
Anton Potapov ◽  
Stefan Scheu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Three species from the family Oonopidae are newly described from leaf litter habitats in Sumatra, Indonesia based on male and female morphology. All three species belong to the genusAposphragismaThoma, 2014:Aposphragismaglobosumsp. n.,Aposphragismajambisp. n., andAposphragismasumatrasp. n.

Bidder's organs: Bufonid by-products of the evolutionary loss of hyperfecundity

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha K. P. Roessler ◽  
Hobart M. Smith ◽  
David Chiszar
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Transition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vestigial Structures ◽  
By Products ◽  
Transitory State

AbstractBidder's organs in both male and female bufonids are hypothesized to represent a transitory state in an evolutionary transformation from extensive, hyperfecund ovaries to smaller, less fecund ones-a transformation that other families of anurans experienced in forms now long extinct. Some members of the genus Bufo retain considerable hyperfecundity, but in derived species of Bufo and genera of Bufonidae a spectrum of ovarian reduction exists. In those groups, Bidder's organs normally persist, always in males and often in females, as an undifferentiated ovaroid or ovary in a non-functional transition between the ancestral state and modification as part of the fat body. The organs are gynomorphs in males and highly variable as vestigial structures, but may well have endocrinogenic functions in both sexes although gametogenic functions in nature have been lost in males. Presence of Bidder's organs is a derived condition in the context of anurans as a whole, but primitive within the family Bufonidae.

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