Oral and maxillofacial outcomes in children with microcephaly associated with the congenital Zika syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Araújo Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana Mattos ◽  
Marcelo de C Meneghim ◽  
Silvia A S Vedovello ◽  
Técia Mendes Daltro Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽  
Student’S T

Summary Introduction The objective of this study is to assess the oral and maxillofacial characteristics of microcephalic children associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out with 61 patients with microcephaly/CZS born between June 2015 and September 2017 (29 boys and 32 girls, average age of 22.8 months) and a control group with 58 non-CZS children born in the same period (25 boys and 33 girls, average age of 23.8 months). The functional clinical analysis considered the labial and lingual frena, tongue anterior projection, oral escape, palate form, and first tooth eruption. For the craniofacial analysis, facial anthropometric points and the cephalic perimeter at the time were measured. Demographic data were collected from medical records, and a clinical exam was performed in order to register the intrabuccal characteristics and craniofacial measures. The chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used with a significance level of 0.05. Results The narrow palate form, tongue anterior projection, oral escape, and late first tooth eruption were significantly more present in the group with microcephaly/CZS. As for the craniofacial analysis, face width (Bi-Zi), mandible width (Go-Go), height of face upper third (Tr-G), and monthly growth of cephalic perimeter were significantly smaller, whereas height of face lower third (Sn-Gn) was significantly bigger in the group with microcephaly/CZS (P < 0.05). Conclusion Children with microcephaly resulting from a congenital Zika infection showed functional, oral, and maxillofacial changes and smaller facial development in comparison with non-CZS children in the same age group.

scholarly journals Exposure To Cytotoxic Drugs Threatens The Health Of Staff In Oncology Wards

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Momeni ◽  
Mehrdad Askarian ◽  
Hossein Azad ◽  
Mina Danaei
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Acute Complications

Background — Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Using cytotoxic drugs for cancer treatment is increased. The hazardous effects of occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs are challenging. Objective — This study aimed to compare the frequency of adverse effects and using personal protective equipment (PPE) between the staff of oncology wards and other hospital wards staff in Iran. Methods — A cross-sectional study with a control group was conducted on female staff members in educational hospitals, selected through convenience sampling. A data collection form was designed for this study. It includes demographic data, acute complications (allergic and neurologic reactions), chronic complications (infertility, menstrual disorders, malignancy, and congenital malformations), and use of PPE. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software through Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results — The frequencies of chronic complications were not statistically different between the two groups. The frequency of itching (P=0.001), hair loss (P=0.003), itchy eyes (P=0.001), watery eyes (P=0.001), runny nose (P=0.003), headache (P=0.001), vertigo (P=0.007), and nausea (P=0.008) were significantly higher in oncology wards nurses. Among different PPE, only the frequency of using the mask (P= 0.001), and glasses (P=0.027) were significantly higher in the staff of oncology wards. Conclusion — Despite the frequency of acute complications of exposure to cytotoxic drugs, oncology staff does not fully adhere to the standard precautions. Providing effective training and emphasis on implementing accreditation laws can improve the existing situation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felício Rodrigues-Neto ◽  
Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo ◽  
Anderson Antônio de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Homeopathy is a therapeutic system that uses small doses of substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Brazil, and the socioeconomic profile of users. DESIGN AND SETTING: Probabilistic cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. METHODS: This study was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaires. The sample was composed of 3,080 people. For the statistical analysis, Student's t test and the chi-square test were used. The statistical significance level used was P < 0.05. RESULTS: We interviewed 3,090 people. The prevalence of the use of homeopathy was 2.4%. The factors associated with its use were female gender, schooling and income. The main reason that led to seeking homeopathy was "Conventional treatment did not have any effect". For 70.2% of the users, the cost of the treatment was considered reasonable or cheap. About 73% were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment received through homeopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the use of homeopathy found here was less than that reported in other countries. People with higher income and schooling levels used homeopathy more frequently. There was higher prevalence among women. Most users declared themselves satisfied with the treatment received.

scholarly journals SKELETAL AND DENTAL CHANGES INDUCED BY BIONATOR IN EARLY TREATMENT OF CLASS II

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Dirceu Barnabé Raveli ◽  
João Paulo Schwartz ◽  
Taísa Boamorte Raveli ◽  
Ary Dos Santos Pinto ◽  
Bryan Tompson
Keyword(s):  
Early Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

The purpose was to investigate the amount of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with bionator appliance in prepubertal growing patients. Forty Class II patients were divided in two groups. Treated group consisted of 20 subjects treated consecutively with bionator. Mean age at the start of treatment (T0) was 9.1 years, while it was 10.6 years at the end of treatment (T1). Mean treatment time was 17.7 months. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric records of treated group were evaluated and compared with a control group consisted of 20 patients with untreated Class II malocclusion. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Student’s t-tests and chi-square test with Yates’ correction at a significance level of 5 per cent. Bionator appliance was effective in generating differential growth between the jaws. Cephalometric skeletal measurements ANB, WITS, Lafh, Co-A and dental L6-Mp, U1.Pp, IsIi, OB, OJ showed statistically significantly different from the control. Bionator induced more dentoalveolar changes than skeletal during treatment in prepubertal stage. 

scholarly journals Disease knowledge and preferences for disclosure of information in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 3755-3761
Author(s):  
Rafael Pauletti Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Carolina Diana Simões ◽  
Amine Barbella Saba ◽  
Gilberto Santos Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Strongly Agree

Objectives: To verify the level of knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the patient’s preferences for disclosure of information by the physician in patients with RA, we compared with a control group of patients without RA. Methods: We evaluated 30 patients diagnosed with RA, according to the ACR criteria, and 30 patients with other diseases pared for age, gender, level of education, and disease duration followed in an Out-Patient Service. Clinical-demographic data as age, gender, level of education, and disease duration were obtained from both groups. We applied questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge about RA (10 questions) with answers yes or no, and the patient’s preference for disclosure of information by the physician (4 questions) in a Likert scale from a) strongly agree to e) strongly disagree to both groups. The questionnaires were validated for Portuguese by the method of translation and re-translation. The Ethical Committee at the Pontifical Catholic University approved the study, and we obtained informed consent from all patients. When appropriat-ed, statistical analysis of the data included the chi-square test and student’s t-test. The significance level was 0.05. Results: Over 30 patients with RA, 27 patients (90%) were women, the mean age was 50.8 years old, with a mean of 3.03 years on school, and mean disease duration of 10.6 years. The knowledge about RA as a mean reached 5.36 points in 10 as a correct answer in RA patients and 5.13 in controls. Concerning the patient’s preference for disclosure of information by the physician, the results varied between 23.3% and 90% in the answers strongly agree or agree in the group of RA patients and 6.6% to 90% in controls. In a specific question about "patients with RA should not play a role in managing their disease because the physician is the one in charge," 56.6% of RA patients agreed, and 46,6% of controls too. Only one question about patient’s preference for disclosure of information by the physician “When there is more than one way to treat a problem, I should be told about each one” there was a trend to differ between the controls and the RA patients (p=0.06). The analysis of the results showed no statistical difference in answers to the questionnaires between RA patients and controls. Conclusion: Our results showed that RA patients, compared to control patients with other non-rheumatic diseases, do not show differences to the level of knowledge about rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the patient’s preferences for disclosure of information by the physician.  

scholarly journals Executive Functions in Parkinson’s Disease

Psico-USF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Tainá Rossi ◽  
Mariane Bernardi Trevisol ◽  
Daiane Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Daiana Meregalli Schütz ◽  
Manuela Polidoro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate executive functions (EFs) in older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It was a cross-sectional and comparative study, composed of 62 participants divided into PD group (n = 31; M age = 75.26; SD age = 7.26) and control group (n = 31; M age = 74.03; SD age = 6.95), aged 61 to 93 years, recruited for convenience in 5 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire; MMSE; GDS-15; BIS-11; verbal fluency tasks (FAS and animals), DEX; WCST-64 and FDT. Descriptive analyzes and Student’s t and Chi-square tests were used. The PD group had a lower performance in the WCST-64 and FDT tests compared to controls, indicating worse performance in tasks that required reasoning, cognitive flexibility and processing speed, in addition, showed difficulties in performing tasks that require EF (DEX).

scholarly journals Impact of sports activities on respiratory function and mechanics in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Renata Maba Gonçalves ◽  
Letícia Goulart Ferreira ◽  
Maíra Seabra de Assumpção ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract Introduction: Being physically active in childhood may improve the quality of life in adulthood. So, it is extremely important to evaluate the respiratory function and mechanics of children who participate in sports activities, in order to determine the impact of physical activity on airway resistance. Objective: To analyze measures of respiratory function and mechanics in children who participate (PG) and who do not participate (CG) in sports activities regularly, as well as to compare and correlate the results. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study of healthy school-aged children aged 6 to 12 years, assessed by impulse oscillometry tests (IOS) and spirometry. The sample was divided into PG and CG. The Student’s t-Test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups according to normality of data tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The correlation between the tests and age, sex, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) was performed using Pearson’s and Spearman correlation coefficient. Statistical data were processed by the SPSS® software, considering significance level at p < 0.05. Results: Forty children participated in the study, 20 in each group, with no differences regarding age, sex, weight, height and BMI. There were significant differences in FEF25-75% (CG: 94.19% ± 13.08 x PG: 101.75% ± 17.44, p = 0.049), and oscillometry data did not differ between both groups. Sex correlated with total airway resistance (R5 - p = 0.049, r = 0.314). Conclusion: In the group with children who participated in sports activities, FEF25-75% was higher, compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Caries risk assessment using Cariogram model among smokeless tobacco users in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Sen ◽  
Pratiksha Bathija ◽  
Tulip Chakravarty ◽  
Diptajit Das ◽  
Nidhi Singh Baghel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Caries Risk Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Smokeless tobacco forms are known to have fermentable sugar compounds which may strengthen the development of cariogenic microbes. In addition, cervical abrasion of teeth occur at the site of tobacco pouch placement. These components may assume an essential role in caries advancement in smokeless tobacco users. Objective. The objective of the study was to assess caries risk among smokeless tobacco users using Cariogram model. Methods. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 50 smokeless tobacco users of Udaipur for 3 months. Caries risk assessment was done by employing a proforma survey based on the Cariogram Model. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and Stepwise multiple linear regression with 95% confidence interval and 5% significance level. Results. The majority of the smokeless tobacco users (46%) were found to be in the “Moderate” Streptococcus mutans count category and portrayed “Moderate” plaque amount score (82%). Smokeless tobacco users (34%) depicted a higher caries risk profile than the control group (6%) utilizing the Cariogram model. Conclusion. Cariogram model could be a useful tool to represent caries risk among smokeless tobacco users.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR IBU DAN JARAK KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PERDARAHAN POSTPARTUM DI RUANG KEBIDANAN RSUD KOTA PRABUMULIH TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desti Widya Astuti Desti Widya Astuti
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Partum Bleeding

ABSTRAK   Berdasarkan data di RSUD Kota Prabumulih bahwa terdapat peningkatan jumlah kejadian perdarahan post partum, tahun 2014 sebanyak 178 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 246 orang dan tahun 2016 sebanyak 151 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua ibu bersalin di RSUD Kota Prabumulih, sebanyak 1.296 ibu bersalin dan 306 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dengan mengunakan random sampling, analisa data menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square dengan derajat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 288 ibu bersalin terdapat 151 yang mengalami perdarahan post partum sebagian besar adalah ibu dengan umur resiko tinggi sebanyak 43 orang  (40,9%) dan ibu dengan jarak kehamilan resiko tinggi sebanyak 21 orang (17,3%). Hasil uju chi-square umur didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05 dan uji chi-square untuk jarak kehamilan didapatkan p.value 0,000 < α 0,05. Maka ada hubungan umur ibu dan jarak kehamilan terhadap kejadian perdarahan post partum di RSUD Kota Prabumulih Tahun 2016. ABSTRACK   Based on the data at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih, there was increasing of post-partum bleeding, in 2014, there were 178 people. In 2015, there were 246 people. And in 2016, there were 151 people. The purpose of the study was to know relationship between maternal mother and the distance and old post-partum bleedingat District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2013. The study was analytic researchwith cross sectional design. Population thas was used in the study was all maternal mother ar District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih. It was about 1.296 maternal mother and from 306. Random sampilng was done in the study, data analyses used univariate and bivariate analyses by using chi-square statistic test with significance level 0,05. The study result showed that from 306 maternal mother, there were 151 mother who experienced old post-partum bleeding, the large of that was high maternal mother 43 people  (40,9%) and mother age high distance 21 people (17,3%). The result of chi-square test was p value 0,000 < α 0,05 and chi-square test for age was p value 0,000 < α 0,05. It meant that there was relationship between maternal mother and the distance and of post-partum bleeding at District General Hospital (RSUD) Prabumulih in 2016.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA UMUR BALITA DAN PENGETAHUAN IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS CAMBAI TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulan Citra Sari, Ana Safitri Wulan Citra Sari, Ana Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Important Health

ABSTRAK   Pneumonia masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting karena menyebabkan kematian bayi dan balita yang cukup tinggi yaitu kira-kira satu dari empat kematian yang terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan antara umur balita dan pengetahuan ibu dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Puskesmas Cambai tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Survey Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang membawa atau memeriksakan balitanya yang umur < 5 tahun di Puskesmas Cambai tahun 2016, pada saat penelitian. Pengambilan sampel tersebut secara Non Random dengan teknik Accidental Sampling. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara umur balita dan pengetahuan ibu dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Puskesmas Cambai tahun 2016. Dari hasil penelitian ini, peneliti berharap petugas pelayanan kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan bayi dan balita di Puskesmas Cambai , serta lebih sering melaksanakan penyuluhan tentang pneumonia dan penyuluhan mengenai makanan 4 sehat 5 sempurna, agar terciptanya balita sehat.     ABSTRACT Pneumonia is an important health problem because it causes the death of infants and toddlers are quite high, roughly one in four deaths. The purpose of this study is known huubungan between toddler age and maternal knowledge with pneumonia incidence in infants in health centers Cambai 2016. This study used a survey method with the Analytical cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who carry their babies or check the age < 5 years at Health Center Cambai in 2016, at the time of the study. The sampling is non- random with accidental sampling technique. Data analysis was done using univariate and bivariate statistical test Chi - Square with significance level α = 0.05. The results of this study showed association between maternal age and knowledge toddlers with pneumonia incidence in infants in Health Center Cambai in 2016. From these results, researchers expect health care workers to improve health services in health centers babies and toddlers Cambai, and more frequently to conduct information about pneumonia and counseling about 4 healthy 5 perfect food , in order to create a healthy toddler.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

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