Contexts for Couperin’s L’art de toucher le clavecin

Early Music ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-346
Author(s):  
Marie Demeilliez
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Vocal Pedagogy ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Keyboard Music ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract One of the best-known texts on 18th-century French harpsichord playing, Couperin’s L’art de toucher le clavecin (1716), has long been considered a valuable source for performers of French Baroque keyboard music. This article investigates the cultural contexts that shaped its text and its aesthetic preoccupations. Various passages dealing with the human body (on seating and position, and on fingering) can be related to the rules of civility and personal control taught by 17th-century etiquette books. Other passages such as the practical exercises show resemblances with vocal pedagogy and graded exercises used in school teaching of the time. Although Couperin claimed that his was the first and only method to deal with good keyboard playing, the book is shaped by a close relationship with other musical treatises (whether for harpsichord or other instruments) published in France during the previous few decades.

Performance topics in harpsichord music in the second half of the 18th century – Part 2. Arpeggio

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Marek Pilch
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Keyboard Music ◽  
Performance Traditions

The article on the rendering of the arpeggio is a continuation of the cycle devoted to performance topics in harpsichord music in the second half of the 18th century, the first part of which was published in “Notes Muzyczny” no. 2(10)2019. The author’s assumption is that the condition necessary for acquiring a convincing interpretation of works from the period of Classicism on the harpsichord is following the arpeggio mannerism in compliance with the performance style shaped in the 17th century called style brisé (luthé) and characteristic of the forms such as the allemande, tombeau or préludes non mesuré. Despite the arpeggio’s diversity, unlike ornaments, this mannerism has not been thoroughly described. That is why doubts often occur as to whether or to what extent it can be used in instances when it is not explicitly required. In the context of classical music performance on the harpsichord the arpeggio is of special significance as it is a very important mean of expression. In its many shades it is one of the mannerisms the use of which is a performer’s decision. The modern trend of historical performance has updated the approach towards this mannerism for keyboard music from the classical period, allowing the use of performance traditions of the 17th and the first half of the 18th centuries. While performing arpeggios, one should be guided by the awareness of the historical context, musical sense, but also the instrument’s idiom, and apply them wherever they enhance the sound of the harpsichord and affections of a given fragment of a composition. The article discusses the guidelines on the ways of rendering of arpeggios, mainly based on the Klavierschule oder Anweisung zum Klavierspielen für Lehrer und Lernende by Daniel Gottlob Türk (1789) and its use options in harpsichord music of the second half of the 18th century exemplified by works by W. A. Mozart.

scholarly journals Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Modern Era

SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to the modern era which may be discerned in the labour movements of countries like France and England, cannot be found in Holland.

‘17TH CENTURY KEYBOARD MUSIC’

1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
BRUCE GUSTAFSON
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Keyboard Music

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

Revising the Assumption that Ḥadīṯ Studies Flourished in the 11th/17th-Century Ḥiǧāz: Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī’s (d. 1101/1690) Contribution

Arabica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Naser Dumairieh
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Core ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The Ḥiǧāz in the 11th/17th century has long been considered the center of a “revival” movement in ḥadīṯ studies. This assumption has spread widely among scholars of the 11th-/17th- and 12th-/18th-century Islamic world based on the fact that the isnāds of many major ḥadīṯ scholars from almost all parts of the Islamic world from the 11th/17th century onward return to a group of scholars in the Ḥiǧāz. The scholarly group that is assumed to have played a critical role in the flourishing of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz is called the al-Ḥaramayn circle or network. However, to date, there have been no studies that investigate what was actually happening in that century concerning ḥadīṯ studies. Examining the actual ḥadīṯ studies of one of the scholars at the core of al-Ḥaramayn circle, i.e. Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Kūrānī, will unpack the main interest of Ḥiǧāzī scholars in ḥadīṯ literature, reveal previously unstudied aspects of ḥadīṯ studies in the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz, correct some unexamined assumptions, and situate the ḥadīṯ efforts of scholars of the 11th/17th-century Ḥiǧāz within a general framework of developments within ḥadīṯ studies.

Conversations with the Malabar Pagans (according to the Documents of the Danish Royal Tranquebar Mission)

2021 ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Kseniia D. Nikolskaia
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
The University ◽  
Local Languages ◽  
Coromandel Coast

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Danish East India company (Dansk Østindisk Kompagni) was established in Europe. In particular, Tranquebar (Dansborg fortress) became the stronghold of the Danes in India. In another hundred years, at the very beginning of the 18th century, the first Lutheran missionaries appeared on the Coromandel coast. At this time the Danish Royal mission was established in Tranquebar, funded by king Frederick IV. It consisted mainly of Germans who graduated from the University of the Saxon city of Halle. Those missionaries not only actively preached among the local population, but also studied languages of the region, translated Gospels into local languages and then published it in the printing house they created. They also trained neophytes from among the local children. One of the first missionaries in Tranquebar was pastor Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg, who lived in India from 1706 to 1719. Information about Pastor's activities in the Royal Danish mission has been preserved in his letters and records. These letters and papers were regularly printed in Halle in the reports of the Royal Danish Mission («Ausführliche Berichte an, die von der königlichen dänischen Missionaren aus Ost-Indien»). However, besides letters and reports, this edition constantly published texts of a special kind, called «conversations» (das Gespräch). They looked like dialogues between pastor Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and local religious authorities. Those brahmans explained the basic principles of the Hindu religion, and their opponent showed them the absurdity of their creed by comparing it with the main tenets of Christianity. The following is a translation of one of these dialogues.

The ‘Genius of language’

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 367-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Schlaps
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Static Concept ◽  
Interior Part

Summary The so-called ‘genius of language’ may be regarded as one of the most influential, and versatile, metalinguistic metaphors used to describe vernacular languages from the 17th century onwards. Over the centuries, philosophers, grammarians, trans­lators and language critics etc. wrote of the ‘genius of language’ in a wide range of text types and with reference to various linguistic positions so that a set of rather diverse types of the concept was created. This paper traces three prominent stages in the development of the ‘genius of language’ argument and, by identifying some of the most frequent types as they evolved in the context of the various linguistic dis­courses, endeavours to show the major transformations of the concept. While early on, discussion of the stylistic and grammatical type of the ‘genius of language’ concentrates on surface features in the languages considered, during the middle of the 18th century, the ‘genius of language’ is relocated to the semantic, interior part of language. With the 19th-century notion of an organological ‘genius of language’, the former static concept is personified and recast in a dynamic form until, taken to its nationalistic extremes, the ‘genius of language’ argument finally ceases to be of any epistemological and scientific value.

scholarly journals Findings of Early Hand Firearms from Southern Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
A. P. Borodovsky ◽  
Yu. V. Oborin ◽  
S. L. Savosin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
Written Sources

Purpose. This article is aimed at identifying early samples of hand firearms at different Siberian territories (Buriatia, the Upper Ob region). Such facts open new perspectives for studying and reconstructing the process of development and distribution of hand firearms in Northern Asia and helps identify regional peculiarities of this historic phenomenon. Results. One of the earliest firearms found on the territory of Southern Siberia is a bronze barrel of a Chinese hand firearms discovered in the valley of the Dzhida River in Buriatia, which refers to the Ming Epoch (the Yongle period). Judging by a serial number of the gun (50138), it was manufactured at the early period of mass production of hand firearms in China, i. e. in the first quarter of the 15th century. Currently, it is one of the earliest foreign samples of oriental firearms known in Siberia. In the Upper Ob region (in the surroundings of the Biysk Fortress (Ostrog), there was another tube of an early hand firearms found. It is of Russian origin and dates the second half of the 16th – beginning of the 17th century. These samples of Siberian firearms are archaic, which demonstrates a trend of using archaic weapons up to the beginning of the 18th century in the absence or lack of modern firearms. It is quite vividly demonstrated by the materials of the artillery treasure of the Umrevinsky Ostrog (1703). Conclusion. The buffer location of Southern Siberia between the growing territories of the Tsardom of Muscovy and Ming China starting from the 1500s A.D. determined the presence of foreign hand firearms of different origin. As evidenced by written sources, they were numerous on the territories where armed conflicts took place and defensive fortifications (Ostrogs) were subsequently constructed.

scholarly journals Organizacja rzemiosła i handlu w gminie ormiańskiej w Stanisławowie w XVII i XVIII wieku

Lehahayer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gliński
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
The City

Organization of crafts and trade in the Armenian commune inStanisławów in the 17th and 18th centuries “Orientalization” of artistic taste, which could be observed in 17thcenturyPoland, contributed to the development of crafts and trade in Stanisławów.The owners of the city, the Potocki family, were aware of the benefits that the Armeniansettlement carried. In the second half of the 17th and throughout the 18thcentury, a dozen or so Armenian merchant families from Stanisławów occupiedthemselves with trade in Wallachian and Moldavian farms. Both of these countriesplayed a significant role in the transit of goods from the East. In the last decadesof the 17th century, Stanisławów to some extent replaced in oriental trade KamieniecPodolski, which was then under the Turkish rule. In the 18th century, themain subject of trade for Stanisławów Armenians became oxen and horses, importedfrom Moldova via Pokucie, and then driven to markets in Lublin, Warsawand Gdańsk, or to Silesia. Several Armenian families from Stanisławów also tradedin dried fish from the Danube, morocco leather, silk and wine imported fromHungary. In the second half of the 18th century, trade in textiles and products of Armenian furriery in Stanisławów regressed due to being cut off from the marketsafter the first partition of Poland.

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