scholarly journals Analytical approach for a better control of environmental contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bosco ◽  
S Gambelli ◽  
V Urbano ◽  
G Cevenini ◽  
G Messina
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background The environment of hospital rooms plays a role on Hospital Acquired Infections. Objects may be repository of germs and have a role on cross contamination, mainly in high-touch surfaces. Proper sanitation and disinfection procedures are needed. Aims i) to highlight the different probabilities of microbial contaminations in Hospital, ii) to assess whether the use of a UVC device (UVC-D), after standard disinfection procedures, improves the level of hygiene. Methods Between November 2019 and February 2020 a cross sectional study in a real clinical context was conducted. Investigations were carried out in double rehabilitation rooms with patients admitted for at least 48h. 16 preliminary Petri dishes (PD) were used in one rehabilitation room and bathroom, to assess the contamination level after deep disinfection procedures (T0). Matched comparisons were made after the use of UVC-D, 3 points/room and 1 point/bathroom, 3 minutes each(T1). At T0 we estimated the probability of contamination to select the following sampling. Six rooms and bathrooms were investigated using randomized spots. PD were incubated at 36 °C and colony forming unit (CFU) counted at 48h. Descriptive statistic and Wilcoxon test were performed to assess the levels of contamination between (T0) and (T1). Results At T0 we have a mean of 5.83 CFU/PD (CI 3.79-7.86) and a median of 1.0 CFU/PD (min 0 - max 118); at T1 mean is 0.28 CFU/PD (CI 0.15-0.40) and median of 0 CFU/PD (min 0-max 5). Significant reduction of contamination was achieved between T0 and T1 (p < 0.001). 83,33% of the contamination sites had 0 CFU/PD after using UVC-D. Conclusions The probability approach has driven the selection of the highest contaminations spots. Standard disinfection, followed by using UVC-D, significantly reduces contamination assuring a lower probability of cross contamination and risk of infection. Key messages Analytical approach to assess the contamination level of room to address with greater precision the points with higher risk of cross contamination. The UVC technology assures better results when associated with standard sanitation procedure decreasing the risk of hospital acquired infections.

scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Hospital Acquired Infections Control by Anaesthesia Practitioners in the Operating Theatres of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH); Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mumuni Danaah Malick ◽  
Edem Yao Akpa ◽  
Peter Paul Bamaalabong
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) place a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. Infection control practices are important in minimizing healthcare associated infections. However, low compliance with Universal and Standard Precautions has been reported in a number of studies. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed baseline definitions for HAIs that were republished in 2004 and has defined HAIs as those that develop during hospitalization but are neither present nor incubating upon the patient’s admission to the hospital; generally, these infections occur between 48 to 72 hours after admission and within 10 days after hospital discharge. this study aimed at unveiling the level of knowledge, attitude and practices on infection prevention control in the operating theatres by anaesthesia practitioners at TTH. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. A mixed-method approach was used for data collection which includes a structured questionnaire carried out via face to face interview and observation. Results: The study showed that 100% of the respondents have knowledge on hospital acquired infection control in the theatre in one way or the other whereas attitude and practices toward hospital infection control in the operating theatres are undesirable in some specific areas of infection control such as wearing of sterile gowns and goggle. As high as 80.6% and 69.4% do not wear goggle and gowns respectively whilst performing regional anaesthesia.  Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that anaesthetists at TTH have reported sub-optimal levels of compliance i.e. attitude and practices with selective infection control. The study further demonstrated that discrepancies exist between anaesthetists’ attitudes towards a guideline as well as their actual practice.

scholarly journals Nutrient deficiencies (Copper, Zinc, Iron, Magnesium) among children with SIRS/sepsis-a hospital based cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kartheek ◽  
Baliga B. S. ◽  
. Subodhshetty ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Charu Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: In developing countries sepsis is a major etiological factor contributing to 60-80 % of annual mortality. SIRS/sepsis rates are high among children admitted to hospitals particularly in intensive care units. Oxidative stress plays important role in etio-pathogenesis of SIRS/sepsis. Nutrients with antioxidant activity enhance immune system there by decreasing severity of SIRS/sepsis. Estimation of such nutrient levels might establish relationship with oxidative stress in children with SIRS/sepsis.Methods:A hospital based cross-sectional study was done on consecutive samples of 96 children diagnosed with SIRS/sepsis. Serum copper, iron zinc, magnesium levels of children diagnosed with sepsis/SIRS included in the study were estimated, data were represented as median with inter quartile range and proportions. Mann Whitney u test and Karl Pearson’s correlation tests were used to see correlation between clinical paramaters.Results: Zinc and magnesium deficiency were seen in 68.8% and 59.4% children with SIRS/sepsis. Median serum magnesium levels were 1.24mg/dL in children with illness <1 week and 1.51mg/dL with illness >1week duration prior to hospitalization (p=0.017). Hospital acquired infections were higher with zinc (P=0.001) and copper deficiency(P=0.002). Zinc deficiency correlated with need for longer hospitalization (P= 0.017).  Mortality due to SIRS/sepsis increased as number of nutrient deficiencies increased (P =0.009).Conclusions:Significant number of children with SIRS/sepsis had nutrient deficiencies. These deficiencies correlated significantly with duration of illness prior to hospitalization. Children with nutrient deficiency had higher incidence of hospital acquired infections. Children with normal nutrient levels have decreased length of hospitalization. Children with multiple nutrient deficiency had higher risk of death. 

scholarly journals Hospital Acquired Infections in a Selected Tertiary Level Hospital of Rangpur City

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Zaman ◽  
S Ferdouse
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Level Hospital

Objectives: To find out the proportion, to determine the average length of stay at hospital and to estimate the cost of treatment for hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary level hospital of Rangpur City. Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted on purposively selected 200 admitted patients in a tertiary level hospital. Among them 100 were HAI patients and 100 were non HAL Data were collected through duly pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and observation checklist. Place and period of study: This study was conducted in Rangpur Medical College Hospital (RpMCH), Rangpur from January to June2011. Results: In this cross sectional study the highest percentage of HAI (42%) belonged to the surgery ward and the lowest percentage (19.%) belonged to medicine ward of the study hospital. According to the type of infections the surgical wound infection was found on the top (23%) and the cannula-associated infection at the bottom (5%) of the list. Respondents of both the polar age groups (<21 years and > 60 years) were found to be equally (27%) affected by HAI. Occurrence of HAI was found higher (57%) among the female respondents than their male (43%) counterparts. Highest number (48%) of HAI and lowest number (14%) of non- HAI patients were found to be visited by maximum number (?5) of visitors. Among the respondents who developed HAI, 42% had to stay at hospital for longest duration (21-25 days) but only 13% of their non- HAI counterparts had to stay for same duration. Among HAI patients 26% had to spend highest amount of money (Tk.20,0011- 25,0001-) but among non- HAI patients only 10% had to spend same amount of money for their treatment purpose. Conclusion: It has been revealed from this study that the occurrence of HAI was found higher among the patients with maximum number of visitors. Average length of hospital stay and cost of treatment of HAI patients were found higher than those of their non-HAI counterparts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v4i2.20247 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.4(2) 2014: 49-52

scholarly journals Multidrug resistance and its association with Enterobacteriales and age among pregnant Peruvian women with- bacteremia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409
Author(s):  
Antonio M Quispe ◽  
Gabriela Soza ◽  
Maria J Pons
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Robust Poisson Regression ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and its associated factors among pregnant Peruvian women with bacteremia. Methodology: In an 18-month cross-sectional study, all pregnant women were routinely tested with a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis admitted to the largest reference maternity hospital (Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal) in Lima, Peru for bacteremia. Every isolate was tested for antimicrobial susceptibility as defined by the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI). Additionally, associated factors were assessed with MDR and the number of resistant antimicrobial categories using robust Poisson regression models with link log, especially focused on its association with age and bacterial families or species. Results: A total of 236 blood cultures of pregnant women (33.4 ± 11.4 years old) was analyzed. The prevalence of MDR was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64%–76%). The main etiological agent was Escherichia coli (65%), showing an MDR rate of 74% (68%–81%). Overall, we observed that the MDR rate was associated with Enterobacteriales (adjusted prevalence rate, (aPR) = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03–1.61) and age 35 or older (PR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01–1.39). However, the number of resistant antimicrobial categories was associated with Enterobacteriales (aPR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.25–1.67) and hospital-acquired infections (PR = 0.81; 95% CI: 1.01–1.39). Conclusions: The prevalence of MDR among pregnant women with sepsis was alarmingly high, being even higher among women age 35 or older and among those with hospital-acquired infections.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients admitted at MaddaWalabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-522
Author(s):  
Meseret Mitiku Gemechu ◽  
Tesfaye Assefa Tadesse ◽  
Getahun Negash Takele ◽  
Fithamlak Solomon Bisetegn ◽  
Yonas Alem Gesese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are one of the global concerns in resource limited settings. The aim of the study was to determine bacteria profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients admitted at surgical and medical wards. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to July 2017 in MaddaWalabu Uni- versity Goba Referral Hospital. Urine and wound swabs were processed and standard disk diffusion test was done to assess susceptibility pattern. Association among variables was determined by Chi-square test. Results: Among 207 patients enrolled, 24.6% developed HAI, of which, 62.7% and 37.3% were from surgical and medical wards, respectively. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The age ranged from 19 to 74 years with a mean of 41.65(±16.48) years. A total 62 bacteria were isolated in which majority of the isolates were gram negative bacteria. Most isolates were re- sistance to most of the antibiotics tested but sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Due to the presence of high level drug resistant bacteria, empirical treatment to HAI may not be effective. Therefore, treatment should be based on the result of culture and sensitivity. Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns; bacterial profile; hospital acquired infections.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin in treatment of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Wasil Khan ◽  
Aleem ur Rashid ◽  
Samiullah , ◽  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Report ◽  
Bronchial Washing ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most troublesome and feared pathogen in medical field. It is the sixth mostcommon cause of hospital-acquired infections and the cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The most common multidrugresistantgram-negative pathogen in Ventilated Assisted Patient. In our study in 100 patients culture and sensitivity report only 46%were sensitive to oral treatment while 54% of the pseudomonas were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 34% sensitive and 66%resistant to levofloxacin.Objective: To find out resistance of pseudomonas to oral medication.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted in Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital from January 2018 to July 2019. ).100 patient samples (tracheal aspirate, bronchial washing, sputum, pus, urine and blood) were cultured for pseudomonas and itssensitivity to oral medication ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was recorded.Results: Sensitivity to 46% were samples was observed to oral treatment while 54% of the pseudomonas were resistant tociprofloxacin and 34% sensitive and 66% resistant to levofloxacin respectively.Conclusion: It was found that 54% pseudomonas were resistant to Ciprofloxacin and 66% resistant to levofloxacin. So we shouldalways consider for combination therapy.

scholarly journals Causative Organisms of Hospital Acquired Infections Among The Pediatric Patients In Tertiary Level Hospitals of Dhaka City

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Khorshed Ali Miah ◽  
Md Zaforullah Chowdhury ◽  
Fatima Tuj Johora ◽  
Sumaiya Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to see the type of HAI and causative organisms of these infections among the paediatric patients in tertiary level hospitals of Dhaka city. This cross sectional study was conducted in three tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka City over a period of two years. A total of 1055 patients were observed and the study population comprised of all the admitted paediatric patients irrespective of sex and basic diseases who were found present during data collection period as admitted patients in the paediatric wards of the hospitals under study. Among 1055 pediatric patients admitted in all the three hospitals under study a total of 115 (10.9%) were affected by hospital acquired infections. Higher prevalence (14.0%) of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI) was found in surgery ward and the lower prevalence (9.2%) of HAI was found in medicine ward. The most common type of HAI was surgical wound infection 26(22.6%). Out of 115 HAI patients highest number 44(38.3%) were affected by staphylococcus aureusfollowed by E. coli23(20%). Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 23-28

HOSPITAL INFECTION IN SURGICAL DEPARTMENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Dinh Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Objective: To study nosocomial infections and identify the main agents causing hospital infections at Hue University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 385 patients with surgical interventions. Results: The prevalence of hospital infections was 5.2%, surgical site infection was the most common (60%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (35%), urinary tract infections (5%). Surgical site infection (11.6%) in dirty surgery. There were 3 bacterial pathogens isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcusspp (25%). Conclusion: Surgical site infection was high in hospital-acquired infections. Key words: hospital infections, surgical intervention, surgical site infection, bacteria

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