scholarly journals Citizens' knowledge and educational needs in the omics sciences field: results from an Italian survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Calabrò ◽  
M Sassano ◽  
F Moccia ◽  
A Gaudioso ◽  
W Ricciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Civic Organization ◽  
Current State ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Media ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Citizens Attitudes

Abstract Background Progress in genomics has crucial implications for public health. Therefore, a strategic line to define the promotion and governance of omics related innovation is necessary. In this context, citizens education is essential to allow appropriate decisions about their own health. Objectives As part of a project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, we carried out in collaboration with an Italian civic organization (Cittadinanzattiva) a survey on citizens' attitude, knowledge, and educational needs in omics sciences field. On the basis of the results of two our literature reviews and of a survey with experts of the Italian Network of Genomics in Public Health (GENISAP), we developed an ad hoc questionnaire for citizens. It was developed in order to assess the current state of information on omics field in the Italian population. The survey was launched, through the Cittadinanzattiva channels, on October 29, 2020 and it was closed on April 15, 2021. Results As of April 2021, 359 responses have been collected. The average age of the participants was 46.04 ± 15.77 years. 73.5% of the participants had no knowledge of omics sciences and 66.6% of DTC-GTs. As regards the citizens' attitudes, 88.6% would change their lifestyle on the basis of the genetic tests results. 89.2% expressed doubts about the reliability of the information received through the media. Almost all believe that citizens are not adequately informed about omics sciences and DTC-GTs and that more training initiatives are necessary on these topics (omics sciences: 95.5%, DTC-GTs: 95%). Conclusions The omics sciences progress is linked to the need to develop a solid literacy of citizens. For this reason, effective tools of knowledge on the omics sciences field will have to be identified and implemented to improve citizens' literacy and engagement in this rapidly changing field. Key messages The progress of the omics sciences is related to the need to develop a solid literacy of citizens in order to enable them to make appropriate decisions about their own health. The current challenge is to identify effective methods of improving citizens' literacy and implementing them.

Fibrinolytic Activity of the Arterial Wall

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Onoyama ◽  
K Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
Almost All

SummaryThe tissue fibrinolysis was studied in 550 specimens of 7 kinds of arteries from 80 fresh cadavers, using Astrup’s biochemical method and Todd’s histochemical method with human fibrinogen.In the microscopically normal aortic wall, almost all specimens had the fibrinolytic activity which was the strongest in the adventitia and the weakest in the media.The fibrinolytic activity seemed to be localized in the endothelium.The stronger activity lay in the adventitia of the aorta and the pulmonary artery and all layers of the cerebral artery.The activity of the intima and media of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to be stronger in the internal carotid artery than in the common carotid artery.Mean fibrinolytic activity of the macroscopically normal areas seemed to decrease with age in the intima and the media of the thoracic aorta and seemed to be low in the cases with a high atherosclerotic index.The fibrinolytic activities of all three layers of the fibrous thickened aorta seemed to decrease, and those of the media and the adventitia of the atheromatous plaque to increase.The fibrinolytic activity of the arterial wall might play some role in the progress of atherosclerosis.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Llano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Musical Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
The Media ◽  
The City

As is described in this conclusion, more than the media and culture, Madrid’s public space constituted the primary arena where reactions and attitudes toward social conflict and inequalities were negotiated. Social conflict in the public space found expression through musical performance, as well as through the rise of noise that came with the expansion and modernization of the city. Through their impact on public health and morality, noise and unwelcomed musical practices contributed to the refinement of Madrid’s city code and the modernization of society. The interference of vested political interests, however, made the refining of legislation in these areas particularly difficult. Analysis of three musical practices, namely, flamenco, organilleros, and workhouse bands, has shown how difficult it was to adopt consistent policies and approaches to tackling the forms of social conflict that were associated with musical performance.

scholarly journals Teaching during the Pandemic: A Comparison in Psychological Wellbeing among Smart Working Professions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4850
Author(s):  
Emanuela Mari ◽  
Giulia Lausi ◽  
Angelo Fraschetti ◽  
Alessandra Pizzo ◽  
Michela Baldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Random Probability ◽  
Smart Working ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, since March 2020, the Italian population was forced into lockdown to prevent the spread of the virus. The restrictive measures imposed forced many organizations and workers to work through online platforms and no longer in-person. Smart working, enjoyed by some workers for its flexibility, affected several professional categories. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the psychological variables related to four groups of professional categories (practitioners, managers, executive employees, teachers), particularly the teachers group. Methods: A total sample of 628 individuals was recruited through a random probability sample across Italy. Due to the lockdown, an online questionnaire was developed; several validated scales were chosen, and some ad hoc constructed items related to the smart working experience were included. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the four groups of examined smart workers. Conclusions: All workers have had to readjust to this new way of working, but our results show that teachers were the most affected, both in the perception of their psychological well-being and in the management of the smart working mode.

Current State of (Dis)Integration: Public Health and Fusion Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Minks ◽  
Anke Richter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fusion Centers ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Health Information

AbstractObjectiveResponding to large-scale public health emergencies relies heavily on planning and collaboration between law enforcement and public health officials. This study examines the current level of information sharing and integration between these domains by measuring the inclusion of public health in the law enforcement functions of fusion centers.MethodsSurvey of all fusion centers, with a 29.9% response rate.ResultsOnly one of the 23 responding fusion centers had true public health inclusion, a decrease from research conducted in 2007. Information sharing is primarily limited to information flowing out of the fusion center, with little public health information coming in. Most of the collaboration is done on a personal, informal, ad-hoc basis. There remains a large misunderstanding of roles, capabilities, and regulations by all parties (fusion centers and public health). The majority of the parties appear to be willing to work together, but there but there is no forward momentum to make these desires a reality. Funding and staffing issues seem to be the limiting factor for integration.ConclusionThese problems need to be urgently addressed to increase public health preparedness and enable a decisive and beneficial response to public health emergencies involving a homeland security response.

A Survey on Document-level Neural Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Sameen Maruf ◽  
Fahimeh Saleh ◽  
Gholamreza Haffari
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Document Level

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP), as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality surpasses that of the translations obtained using statistical techniques for most language-pairs. Up until a few years ago, almost all of the neural translation models translated sentences independently , without incorporating the wider document-context and inter-dependencies among the sentences. The aim of this survey article is to highlight the major works that have been undertaken in the space of document-level machine translation after the neural revolution, so researchers can recognize the current state and future directions of this field. We provide an organization of the literature based on novelties in modelling and architectures as well as training and decoding strategies. In addition, we cover evaluation strategies that have been introduced to account for the improvements in document MT, including automatic metrics and discourse-targeted test sets. We conclude by presenting possible avenues for future exploration in this research field.

scholarly journals Media Reports as a Tool for Timely Monitoring of COVID-19–Related Deaths Among First Responders—United States, April 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199917
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Kelly-Reif ◽  
Jessica L. Rinsky ◽  
Sophia K. Chiu ◽  
Sherry Burrer ◽  
Marie A. de Perio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
First Responders ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Traditional Surveillance

We aimed to describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths among first responders early in the COVID-19 pandemic. We used media reports to gather timely information about COVID-19–related deaths among first responders during March 30–April 30, 2020, and evaluated the sensitivity of media scanning compared with traditional surveillance. We abstracted information about demographic characteristics, occupation, underlying conditions, and exposure source. Twelve of 19 US public health jurisdictions with data on reported deaths provided verification, and 7 jurisdictions reported whether additional deaths had occurred; we calculated the sensitivity of media scanning among these 7 jurisdictions. We identified 97 COVID-19–related first-responder deaths during the study period through media and jurisdiction reports. Participating jurisdictions reported 5 deaths not reported by the media. Sixty-six decedents worked in law enforcement, and 31 decedents worked in fire/emergency medical services. Media reports rarely noted underlying conditions. The media scan sensitivity was 88% (95% CI, 73%-96%) in the subset of 7 jurisdictions. Media reports demonstrated high sensitivity in documenting COVID-19–related deaths among first responders; however, information on risk factors was scarce. Routine collection of data on industry and occupation could improve understanding of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among all workers.

A Comparative Study on the Noise between Floors of Apartment and Multiplex Housing

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1232-1235
Author(s):  
Ji Hun Kim ◽  
Yoon Seok Shin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Apartment Building ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
House Type ◽  
Almost All

Since recently almost all housing built in Korean have shared walls and floor, diverse problems are unavoidable including noise between floor arising from noise and vibration. Many efforts have been made by the Korean government, but the number of complaints related with the noise between floors has been gradually increasing. Therefore, through the field measurements by house type, the current state of noise was understood. To do this, the noise between floors was measured in an apartment household and a multiplex house to perform a comparative analysis. As the result, the differences in the noise between the two house types were clarified. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to reduction of the noise between floors in an apartment building in the future.

A Concept of a “Virtual Production Line” Produced by Integrating Databases and Models of Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Virtual Production ◽  
Almost All

One of the requirements for an intelligent system is to construct a virtual reality in the computer. For materials development, the “reality” is a laboratory or a production line used to improve some aspect of a material by changing its composition, processing parameters, service conditions, etc. In the case of information in libraries, the reality is a search that uses a thesaurus and bibliographic (fact) databases. The greatest barrier faced by users of materials information is that of accessing necessary information through both a librarian's view and a scientific/technological expert's view. One of the objectives of a virtual production line is to reduce this barrier through user-friendly interfaces.In designing materials, two typical approaches are combined to solve a given problem. The first is a top-down approach, in which a number of requirements are resolved to a set of possible and practical solutions for satisfying these requirements to a certain level. Almost all alloy development has followed such an approach. The second approach is a bottom-up approach, where different materials properties are described on the basis of underlying theories, preferably using first principles and fundamental data. But the vast number of possible materials makes the bottom-up approach unrealistic on its own. Instead, semi-empirical approaches are needed to bridge the gap between ad hoc data sets for practical applications and results produced by the bottom-up approach using fundamental data and first-principle calculations.

scholarly journals Media literacy education for a new prosumer citizenship

Comunicar ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (43) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa García-Ruiz ◽  
Antonia Ramírez-García ◽  
María-del-Mar Rodríguez-Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
State Level ◽  
Active Role ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Young Audiences ◽  
The Media

Access to technology and the Internet is having a positive impact on all levels, personal, family, professional and social. However, the influence of the media has not been accompanied by the promotion of media literacy. The development of the media skill among citizens, especially young people and children, in order to exercise a critical and active role in relation to the media, is a key development in this society of «media prosumers». This paper discusses the results of a research project at state level, surveying a sample of 2.143 students from Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary School, in this study using a questionnaire ad hoc online. The objetive of the research project is to identify levels of media literacy amongst children and adolescents. It can be seen that a significant portion of the sample is proficient in the media, at an acceptable level. However, and despite belonging to the generation of socalled «digital natives» the sample does not possess the skills necessary to practice as a «media prosumers». We conclude the work highlighting the necessity of complementing the digital competence established in the school curriculum with media literacy as a key element into developing a «prosumer culture». This would resolve the convergence of an urgent need to improve the training of young audiences as responsible citizens capable of consuming and producing media messages in a free, responsible, critical and creative way. El acceso a las tecnologías y a Internet está teniendo consecuencias positivas en todos los niveles, personales, familiares, profesionales y sociales. Sin embargo, la influencia de los medios de comunicación no se ha acompasado con el fomento de la alfabetización mediática. El desarrollo de la competencia mediática en la ciudadanía, y especialmente en los jóvenes y niños para que puedan ejercer de forma crítica y activa su papel ante los medios, se revela como clave en esta sociedad de «prosumidores mediáticos». En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un proyecto de investigación de ámbito estatal con el objetivo de identificar los niveles de competencia mediática de niños y adolescentes, encuestando a una muestra de 2.143 estudiantes de Educación Infantil, Primaria, Secundaria y Bachillerato, mediante un cuestionario ad hoc online. Puede observarse que una importante parte de la muestra es competente ante los medios, en un nivel aceptable, sin embargo, y a pesar de que pertenecen a la generación de los denominados «nativos digitales», no poseen las habilidades necesarias para ejercer como «prosumidores mediáticos». Concluimos el trabajo destacando la necesidad de complementar la competencia digital establecida en el currículum escolar con la competencia mediática, como elemento clave para desarrollar una «cultura prosumidora», convergencia de imperiosa necesidad para mejorar la formación de las jóvenes audiencias como ciudadanos responsables capaces de consumir y producir mensajes mediáticos de manera libre, responsable, crítica y creativa.

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