scholarly journals Sexuality education in Europe – An assessment of the current state, challenges and good practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Brockschmidt ◽  
O Ivanova ◽  
E Ketting
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Comprehensive sexuality education is a crucial factor for protecting the health and well-being of children and young people. A recent assessment, conducted by the Federal Centre for Health Education and the International Planned Parenthood Federation European Network (IPPF EN), gives an up-to-date overview of the current status of sexuality education (SE) in schools in 25 European and Central Asian countries. It further provides information on challenges and good practice in this field. Methods Pre-tested questionnaires were sent to representatives of governmental (Ministries of Health or Education) and nongovernmental organisations (IPPF member associations) in 25 countries in Europe and Central Asia. All representatives of the nongovernmental (25) and two-thirds of those in governmental organisations (16) responded. The questions were grouped under five themes related to SE: legal framework, status of implementation, barriers and opposition, youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, and national data on adolescent SRH. Results In 15 of the 25 countries surveyed, a legal framework exists (law/ policy/ strategy) which supports SE in schools. In 11 countries, SE is mandatory in schools, and in 10 countries SE clearly has a comprehensive character. In most countries, SE is integrated into broader teaching subjects, e.g. biology or life skills education. A lack of teacher training and of monitoring and evaluation of SE programmes has been identified in the majority of countries. Conclusions In the past two decades, remarkable progress has been made in developing and implementing SE in the region. Nevertheless, further improvements are urgently needed, as differences between and within countries persist. These include the quality and the comprehensiveness of SE programmes, the monitoring and evaluation of these programmes and the development and implementation of teacher training. Key messages Remarkable progress has been made in implementing sexuality education in Europe and Central Asia. Nevertheless, further action is needed to reduce differences in implementation and quality between and within countries.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Presupernova Neutrinos and Their Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kato ◽  
K. Ishidoshiro ◽  
T. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sn 1987A ◽  
Neutrino Detection ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

More than 30 years have passed since the successful detection of supernova (SN) neutrinos from SN 1987A. In the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in neutrino detection techniques, through which it may be possible to detect neutrinos from a new source, presupernova (pre-SN) neutrinos. They are emitted from a massive star prior to core bounce. Because neutrinos escape from the core freely, they carry information about the stellar physics directly. Pre-SN neutrinos may play an important role in verifying our understanding of stellar evolution for massive stars. Observation of pre-SN neutrinos, moreover, may serve as an alarm regarding an SN explosion a few days in advance if the progenitor is located in our vicinity, enabling us to observe the next galactic SN. In this review, we summarize the current status of pre-SN neutrino studies from both the theoretical and observational points of view.

scholarly journals Diagnosing monitoring and evaluation capacity in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Blaser Mapitsa ◽  
Linda Khumalo
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Background: Since 2015, the Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results-Anglophone Africa (CLEAR-AA) has implemented more than seven diagnostic tools to better understand monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems in the region. Through the process of adapting global tools to make them more appropriate to an African context, CLEAR-AA has learned several lessons about contextually relevant definitions and boundaries of M&E systems.Objectives: This article aims to share lessons learned from adapting and implementing a range of global tools in an African context, and puts forward certain key criteria for a ‘Made in Africa’ tool to better understand M&E systems in the region.Method: This article reviews CLEAR-AA’s diagnostic tools, as well as global good practice diagnostic tools, and compares the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. It further looks at the implementation of specific tools in context and proposes components on the basis of these lessons.Results: This review has found that most M&E tools have a heavy focus on the technical and contextual aspects of M&E but very few do a thorough job of accommodating the institutional factors. Furthermore, the relationship between the technical elements, the institutional elements and the organisational culture elements has not been made apparent.Conclusion: A contextually relevant diagnostic tool for M&E systems will balance technical considerations of capacity, institutional factors and issues of organisational culture. Drawing on approaches from organisational change may be of help to strengthen our tool development endeavours.

scholarly journals Reproductive loss and disposal of pregnancy remains

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Louise Austin ◽  
Sheelagh McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Reproductive Loss ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we examine the legal framework which governs the management of pregnancy remains in the context of reproductive loss; specifically pregnancies which reach an unwanted end prior to 24 weeks’ gestation. It is important to consider the role for law as it is clear that law has the capacity to shape the nature of the care that people receive and their experience of bereavement at the time of reproductive loss. The unwanted end of a desired pregnancy can have profound consequences for those who experience it. How we respond to the needs of these individuals will have important consequences not just for their well-being, but it can also impact their future reproductive experiences. Furthermore, the original empirical research on which this paper is based demonstrates how healthcare practice in this area is problematic in its inconsistency, and in failures to account for the particular needs of the person who has suffered an unwanted end topregnancy. Because appropriate healthcare is properly determined in this context by the perspective of the individual, we argue that healthcare professionals should, as a matter both of good practice and of law, follow the individual’s lead when seeking to understand their needs. Accordingly, we advocate for the importance of all legal options for disposal of pregnancy remains being discussed when a person who has suffered reproductive loss wants that information and present practical measures that can be introduced to ensure this happens.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

BAPA+40: South African and African Lessons

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Alexandra Muresan
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Global South ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level ◽  
Made In

The Second High-Level United Nations (UN) Conference on South-South Cooperation (also known as BAPA+40), held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 20 to 22 March 2019, promised to reinvigorate efforts to further achieve and implement South-South cooperation (SSC). Forty years on, the Global South is shaping its image as a solutions provider. Immense strides have been made in improving access to allow a multitude of state and non-state actors to cooperate, while broadening and deepening modes of cooperation and facilitating the exchange of knowledge and transfer of technology, thus moving beyond the simplistic view that developing countries require aid to function and move forward. However, noting these symbolic strides, the Global South should move forward by building understanding of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks; integrating multi-stakeholder models; improving the visibility of peace and security in South-South programming; and building effective communications systems.

RISHTAN SCHOOL OF CERAMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Akmal Marozikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
National Style

Ceramics is an area that has a long history of making clay bowls, bowls, plates,pitchers, bowls, bowls, bowls, pots, pans, toys, building materials and much more.Pottery developed in Central Asia in the XII-XIII centuries. Rishtan school, one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley, is one of the largest centers of glazed ceramics inCentral Asia. Rishtan ceramics and miniatures are widely recognized among the peoples of the world and are considered one of the oldest cities in the Ferghana Valley. The article discusses the popularity of Rishtan masters, their products made in the national style,and works of art unique to any region

The Chemical Effect in Medicine Interaction Determining the Form and Speed of Psychical Involution in the Prosthetic Restauration in the Edentulous

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2306-2310
Author(s):  
Aureliana Caraiane ◽  
Razvan Leata ◽  
Veronica Toba ◽  
Doina Vesa ◽  
Luana Andreea Macovei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

The progress made in dentistry during the latest decades is due, conceptually, to the new, systemic vision of man, which has also taken place in this field of medicine. In this context, the link between organic and psychic is indestructible. Thus illness is understood as a drama in which the somatic process has a psychic value, and the mental one has a body value. It is known that the morphological and functional integrity of the dental system, health and vigorousness, gives the individual a state of well-being that affects his somatic and psychic health, as any disturbance at this level entails repercussions in psychological and social behavior. Such a disruption is the total edification that seriously alters not only the dental system but the whole organism, putting various biological and psychosocial problems to the practitioner. The total expression represents not only a physical disability but also a psychological one. A special importance in studying psychological changes at total edentulous presents the psychological aspects of senile involution. This is not only a theoretical but also a practical importance due to the increase in the number of elderly people. Through the researches of the present paper we intend to present the reality of the psychological manifestations in the total edentation, which is objectified on different methods of psychodiagnosis in the first part, in order for the second part to be addressed to problems of prosthetic psychotherapy.The study comprises a group of 43 patients, of whom 24 were men and 19 women with total uni or bimaxilar edentation. Total edentation can be and is responsible for somatopsychic alterations, along with other pathogens, general, local, social, which sometimes can take a dramatic form, converting, where the area is also favorable, a pure somatic disease, for those who are not in psychopathy or even psychosis, although these latter cases are extremely rare and especially in youngsters, which would disrupt not only the person�s behavior as an individual, but also their status, function and social integrity. The treatment of dental and psychological complex is mandatory for any patient, but especially for the elderly, where recovery is more difficult, with disease-specific disorders adding to those of senescence.

Teaching Interspiritual Dialogue to Health Care Professionals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
Dimensions Of Teaching ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Made In

Interspiritual conversations are becoming more common in health care settings as providers recognize that patients’ diverse spiritual/religious values, beliefs, and practices may influence their health care decision-making and general well-being. This essay explores the practical dimensions of teaching health care professionals how to use an interspiritual dialogue approach grounded in values and particularism through a course entitled “Faith, Spirituality and Culture in Health Care,” which was designed for and taught to doctoral students at a Denver, Colorado, School of Pharmacy. After considering the contemporary context for teaching interspiritual dialogue to healthcare professionals, the essay reflects upon and relates the pedagogical choices made in designing and teaching the course, as well as the course structure, outline, objectives, and schedule.

scholarly journals Hormones in international meat production: biological, sociological and consumer issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Human Pathology

AbstractBeef and its products are an important source of nutrition in many human societies. Methods of production vary and include the use of hormonal compounds (‘hormones’) to increase growth and lean tissue with reduced fat deposition in cattle. The hormonal compounds are naturally occurring in animals or are synthetically produced xenobiotics and have oestrogenic (oestradiol-17β and its esters; zeranol), androgenic (testosterone and esters; trenbolone acetate) or progestogenic (progesterone; melengestrol acetate) activity. The use of hormones as production aids is permitted in North American countries but is no longer allowed in the European Union (EU), which also prohibits the importation of beef and its products derived from hormone-treated cattle. These actions have resulted in a trade dispute between the two trading blocs. The major concern for EU authorities is the possibility of adverse effects on human consumers of residues of hormones and metabolites. Methods used to assess possible adverse effects are typical of those used by international agencies to assess acceptability of chemicals in human food. These include analysis of quantities present in the context of known biological activity and digestive, absorptive, post-absorptive and excretory processes. Particular considerations include the low quantities of hormonal compounds consumed in meat products and their relationships to endogenous production particularly in prepubertal children, enterohepatic inactivation, cellular receptor- and non-receptor-mediated effects and potential for interference with growth, development and physiological function in consumers. There is particular concern about the role of oestradiol-17β as a carcinogen in certain tissues. Now subject to a ‘permanent’ EU ban, current evidence suggests that certain catechol metabolites may induce free-radical damage of DNA in cell and laboratory animal test systems. Classical oestrogen-receptor mediation is considered to stimulate proliferation in cells maintaining receptivity. Mathematical models describing quantitative relationships between consumption of small amounts of oestrogens in meat in addition to greater concentrations from endogenous production, chemical stoichiometry at cellular level and human pathology have not been developed. Such an approach will be necessary to establish ‘molecular materiality’ of the additional hormone intake as a component of relative risk assessment. The other hormones, although generally less well researched, are similarly subject to a range of tests to determine potentially adverse effects. The resulting limited international consensus relates to the application of the ‘precautionary principle’ and non-acceptance by the European Commission of the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which determined that meat from cattle, hormone-treated according to good practice, was safe for human consumers. The present review considers the hormone issue in the context of current international social methodology and regulation, recent advances in knowledge of biological activity of hormones and current status of science-based evaluation of food safety and risk for human consumers.

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