Changes in mortality inequalities by marital status in Lithuania during 2001-2014

Abstract Introduction Health inequalities have emerged as a big issue of public health in Lithuania. Recent studies have demonstrated increasing mortality differentials between marital status groups, occurring mainly due to a decline in mortality of the married populations. The aim of the study - to determine changes in inequalities in mortality from major causes of death by marital status in Lithuania during 2001-2014. Methods Individual records from population censuses conducted in 2001 and 2011, National Mortality Register (period of 2001-2014), and Population Register (period of 2001-2014) have been linked using personal identification number. Study included those aged 30+. Mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, external causes and digestion system diseases by the marital status (married and unmarried - never married, the widowed and the divorced) were calculated per 100 000 person years and standardized by age. Inequalities in mortality were assessed calculating rate ratio, while trends in it - conducting the Joinpoint regression analysis. Results Mortality from all analyzed causes of death among males and females in 2001 and 2014 was statistically significantly higher in unmarried compared to married. Inequalities in mortality by marital status increased statistically significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 2001-2014 from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and external causes. The most significant increase in inequalities by 3.3% (p < 0.05) on average per year was estimated from external causes among males. Inequalities in mortality from digestion system diseases did not change significantly throughout the study period. Conclusions Inequalities in mortality by marital status increased significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 2001-2014 with the most significant increase from external causes. Key messages Mortality from all analyzed causes of death among Lithuanian males and females in 2001 and 2014 was statistically significantly higher in unmarried compared to married. Inequalities in mortality by marital status increased significantly in Lithuania throughout the period of 2001-2014 with the most significant increase from external causes.

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Mortality of Lithuanian Population Over 2 Decades of Independence: Critical Points and Contribution of Major Causes of Death

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina49010007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramunė Kalėdienė ◽

Skirmantė Sauliūnė

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Positive Health ◽

Cut Points ◽

Best Fitting ◽

Males And Females ◽

External Causes ◽

Sustainable Health ◽

Overall Mortality

The aim of the study was to analyze trends in overall mortality and mortality from major causes of death, detect differences in cut points, and estimate the contribution of the major causes of death to the changes in overall mortality throughout 2 decades of independence in Lithuania (1991–2000 and 2001–2010). Material and Methods. Overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and external causes were analyzed for the periods of 1991–2000 and 2001–2010. Joinpoint analysis was used to identify the best-fitting points wherever a statistically significant change in mortality occurred, and analysis of components was applied for the assessment of the contribution of major causes of death. Results. The 1991–1994 period was identified as the most negative in terms of increasing mortality from all major causes of death, while the 2007–2010 period was most favorable, when the most significant decline in overall mortality was observed (4.84% per year for males and 4.41% per year for females). External causes contributed most to the growing overall mortality in 1991–1994 both for males and females (37.20% and 25.29%, respectively). Since 2007, all major causes contributed positively to the declining overall mortality of the Lithuanian population. The most significant contribution was made by cardiovascular diseases and external causes. Conclusions. Despite the considerable transformations of socioeconomic situation and economic crisis, it is likely that Lithuania is entering into the stage of positive health development. For assuring this trend in the future, investments in sustainable health and social developments are inevitable.

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Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Main Causes of Death in Poland, Years 2002–2011

Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric ◽

10.2478/slgr-2013-0042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 157-167

Author(s):

Michalina Krzyżak ◽

Dominik Maślach ◽

Martyna Skrodzka ◽

Katarzyna Florczyk ◽

Anna Szpak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Percent Change ◽

Central Statistical ◽

Central Statistical Office ◽

External Causes

Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyse the level and the trends of Potential Years of Life Lost due to the main causes of death in Poland in the years 2002-2011. The material for the study was the information from the Central Statistical Office on the number of deaths due to the main causes of death in Poland in the years 2002-2011. The premature mortality analysis was conducted with the use of the PYLL (Potential Years of Life Lost) indicator. PYLL rate was calculated following the method proposed by J. Romeder, according to which premature mortality was defined as death before the age of 70. Time trends of PYLL rate and the average annual percent change (APC - Annual Percent Change) were assessed using jointpoint models and the Joinpoint Regression Program. In the years 2002-2011, PYLL rate for all-cause deaths decreased by 7.0% among men and 8.1% among women. In 2011, the main reasons for PYLL among men were: external causes (27.6%), cardiovascular diseases (24.2%) and cancers (20.3%). Among women the leading causes were: cancers (41.1%), cardiovascular diseases (19.7%) and external causes (12.5%). PYLL rate increased among men for colorectal cancer, and among women for colorectal and lung cancer. The presented epidemiological situation for premature mortality in Poland shows that in the majority of cases it is caused by preventable deaths, which highlights a need to intensify measures in primary and secondary prevention.

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Social inequalities and the rise in violent deaths in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil: 2000-2006

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2011001400016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. s298-s308 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Luiz Antonio Chaves Viana ◽

Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa ◽

Jairnilson Silva Paim ◽

Ligia Maria Vieira-da-Silva

Keyword(s):

Ecological Study ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Health Department ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Spatial Inequalities ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

External Causes ◽

Inequalities In Mortality ◽

The City

An ecological study was carried out using information zones as units of analysis in order to assess the evolution of socio-spatial inequalities in mortality due to external causes and homicides in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2000 and 2006. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE) and the City Health Department (Secretaria Municipal de Saúde) provided the data sources, and causes of death were reviewed and reclassified based on reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine (Instituto Médico Legal). The information zones were classified into four social strata according to income and schooling. The ratio between mortality rates (inequality ratio) was calculated and confirmed a rise of 98.5% in the homicide rate. In 2000, the risk of death due to external causes and murders in the stratum with the worst living conditions was respectively 1.40 and 1.94 times greater than in the reference stratum. In 2006 these figures were 2.02 and 2.24. The authors discuss the implications for inter-sectoral public policies, based on evidence from the study's findings.

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First admissions to inpatient care in Ireland for schizophrenia 1971-2004: trends in gender and age

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0790966700010557 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 132-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Hart ◽

Donna T Doherty ◽

Dermot Walsh

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Psychiatric Inpatient ◽

Future Research ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Community Based ◽

Never Married ◽

Time Period ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Admission

AbstractFirst admissions for schizophrenia to inpatient psychiatric services in Ireland are declining. The reason for this decline has been debated and it has been proposed that it could be attributable to either a decline in incidence or to policy changes or to both.Objectives: This study examines the trends in first admission numbers for schizophrenia in Ireland and the influence of gender and marital status on age at first admission over the time period 1971-2004.Method: Data were derived from the National Psychiatric Inpatient Recording System (NPIRS) for the years 1971-2004 inclusive. All first admissions with a diagnosis of schizophrenia during these years were included in the analysis.Results: The results showed a significant decline in the number of first admissions with the number of first admissions for males exceeding those for females. The average age of first admission was higher for females than males (p < 0.001). The average age of first admission showed a decline for males (p < 0.001), but not for females. Marital status was a stronger predictor of age of admission than gender (p < 0.001). Never married persons had a lower age of first admission than those married and the delaying effect of marriage on age at first admission was evident in males and females (p < 0.001).Conclusions: An examination of first admission hospital data confirm male disadvantage in schizophrenia. The study highlighted a number of areas for future research which include examining gender differences in more refined diagnostic sub groups of schizophrenia and the monitoring of first contacts with community-based mental health services.

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Death Rates by Marital Status for Leading Causes of Death: United States, 2010-2019

10.15620/cdc:109161 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sally Curtin ◽

Tejada-Vera Betzaida ◽

Robert Anderson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Marital Status ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Death Rates ◽

Never Married

This report presents age-adjusted death rates by marital status (married, never married, divorced, widowed) among adults aged 25 and over.

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Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage from Retrospective Data: A Multiregional Approach

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a151633 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1633-1652 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T J Espenshade

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Population Survey ◽

Average Duration ◽

Population Analysis ◽

Retrospective Data ◽

Never Married ◽

First Marriage ◽

Age At First Marriage ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean

In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960–1965, 1965–1970, and 1970–1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described. We examine the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like.

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Mortality inequalities from major causes of death in Lithuania by education during 2001-2014

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

O Meščeriakova-Veliulienė ◽

R Kalėdienė ◽

S Sauliūnė ◽

S Kaselienė

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Educational Group ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Educational Groups ◽

Higher Educational ◽

External Causes

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to evaluate mortality inequalities from major causes of death by education in Lithuania during 2001-2014. Methods Information on deaths (aged 30+) from cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10 codes I00-I99), cancer (ICD-10 codes C00-C97), external causes (ICD-10 codes V01-Y98), and digestive system diseases (ICD-10 codes K00-K93) was obtained from Statistics Lithuania. Mortality rates from these causes were calculated by the level of education (high (post-secondary non-tertiary, tertiary) and low (unknown, preprimary or no education, primary, lower secondary, upper secondary)) per 100,000 person-years. For the assessment of mortality trends during 2001-2014, the Joinpoint regression analysis was applied. Results During the analyzed period, mortality from all major causes was higher in the lower educational group (p < 0.05). The most prominent differences in mortality rates between educational groups were found from external causes and cardiovascular diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (by 2.22% per year), cancer (by 1.87% per year) and particularly from external causes (by 5.2% per year) declined in higher educational group (p < 0.05). In the lower educational groups mortality declined only from cardiovascular diseases (by 0.73% per year), however mortality increased from cancer (by 0.64% per year) and digestion system diseases (by 5.20% per year) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Mortality from major causes of death in both educational groups changed unevenly during 2001-2014. In higher educational group mortality declined from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and especially from external causes, while in lower educational group - just from cardiovascular diseases. Key messages In Lithuania, there are still significant inequalities in mortality from the major causes of death by education. Therefore, more attention should be paid for the improvement of the health of the population with lower education.

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION MORTALITY OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT FOR THE PERIOD OF 1993-2016

Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin ◽

10.25207/1608-6228-2018-25-5-156-163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 156-163

Author(s):

E. A. Sukhova

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Major Influence ◽

Death Rates ◽

Autonomous District ◽

External Causes Of Death ◽

External Causes ◽

Population Mortality ◽

Nenets Autonomous

Aim. This study was designed for the determination of the priority directions of the reduction of the population mortality of the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district and the estimation of the place of death from certain major groups of death causes in total mortality in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous district for the period of 1993−2016.Materials and methods. There was performed the analysis of the dynamics of death rates and the number of deaths depending on the sex, age group, locality and causes of death.Results. The change in the sex and age structure of the population due to the natural aging and migration movements (the decrease in the proportion of the population younger than 20 years by 8.38% and the increase of the proportion of the population older than 60 years by 4.62% of the total population) had a major influence on the dynamics of the change in death rates of the population. The most significant causes of death in 2016 were: in men − cardiovascular diseases, external causes of death, neoplasms; in women − cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, external causes of death. The primary directions of reducing the mortality of the population of the YNAO can be determined by the most significant groups of causes of death: cardiovascular diseases of the population; diseases of the digestive system; neoplasms of the digestive, respiratory and genital organs; infant mortality due to infections (with the exception of respiratory infections) and circulatory problems; deaths due to alcohol-related causes.Conclusion. The obtained results can form the basis for management measures to reduce mortality in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

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Changes in Mortality Inequalities in Urban and Rural Populations during 1990–2018: Lithuanian Experience

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 750

Author(s):

Olga Mesceriakova-Veliuliene ◽

Ramune Kalediene

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

External Causes ◽

Inequalities In Mortality

Background and Objectives: Reduction in health inequalities is a highly important task in public health policies worldwide. In Lithuania, inequalities in mortality by place of residence are among the greatest, compared to other European Union (EU) countries. However, studies on inequalities in mortality by place of residence over a long-term period have not been investigated in Lithuania. The aim of this study was to present changes in mortality inequalities in urban and rural populations during 1990–2018. Materials and Methods: Mortality rates from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, external causes, and gastrointestinal diseases in urban and rural population by sex were calculated per 100,000 populations and were standardized by age. Inequalities in mortality were assessed using rate differences and rate ratio. For the assessment of inequality trends during 1990–2018, the joinpoint regression analysis was applied. Results: Mortality between urban and rural populations varied. In rural areas, mortality lower than that in urban areas was observed only in 1990 among women, in case of mortality from cancer and gastrointestinal diseases (compared with in 2018) (p < 0.05). In 2018, mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and external causes in urban and rural areas was lower than in 1990 in both sexes. However, mortality from gastrointestinal diseases was higher (p < 0.05). In 2018, mortality from cancer among both sexes was lower only in urban areas (p < 0.05). Mortality inequalities between rural and urban areas decreased statistically significantly only among men from external causes and from all causes (respectively, on average, by 0.52% per year and, on average, by 0.21% per year). Meanwhile, mortality from cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases increased in both sexes, and mortality from cancer and all causes of death increased among women. The increase in the inequalities of mortality from gastrointestinal diseases was the most rapid: among men—on average, by 0.69% per year, and among women—on average, by 1.43% per year, p < 0.0001. Conclusions: During 1990–2018, the inequalities in mortality by place of residence in Lithuania statistically significantly decreased only among men, in terms of mortality from external causes and from all causes. Therefore, reduction in inequalities in mortality must be the main the health policy challenge in Lithuania.

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Stagnation of life expectancy in Korea in 2018: A cause-specific decomposition analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0244380

Author(s):

Taejae Kim ◽

Jinwook Bahk ◽

Hwa Kyung Lim ◽

Young-Ho Khang

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Annual Report ◽

Decomposition Analysis ◽

Negative Contribution ◽

Life Expectancy At Birth ◽

Chance Event ◽

Life Expectancy Increase ◽

External Causes

According to the most recent annual report released by Korea Statistics, the life expectancy at birth (for both sexes) in 2018 was 82.7 years, an increase of 0.0 years over 2017, reflecting the first stagnation in life expectancy since 1960. In this study, a time-series analysis was conducted of trends in life expectancy from 2003 to 2018, and causes of death were analyzed using the Kannisto-Thatcher method and the Arriaga decomposition method. The time trend analysis of yearly life expectancy changes indicated that, in Korea, there was a tendency for the yearly increase in life expectancy between 2003 and 2018 to decrease by 0.0211 years per calendar year. The contribution of cardiovascular diseases, the most important contributor to the life expectancy increase in Korea, gradually decreased over this period. The contribution of cardiovascular diseases to the life expectancy increase was 0.506 years in 2003–2006, but this contribution decreased to 0.218 years in 2015–2018. The positive contributions of ill-defined causes and external causes to life expectancy increase detected in previous periods were not evident in 2015–2018. Diseases of the respiratory system made the largest negative contribution both between 2015 and 2018 and between 2017–2018. The life expectancy stagnation in 2018 could be understood as the combined effect of (a) decreasing momentum in the increase of life expectancy and (b) a chance event in 2018 involving life expectancy. Currently, it is difficult to judge whether the stagnation of life expectancy in 2018 is temporary, and further analyses of life expectancy and contributing causes of death in the future are needed.

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