Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kenis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Wood Boring

Abstract The emerald ash borer, A. planipennis is an East Asian wood-boring beetle that is presently causing dramatic damage to ash (Fraxinus spp.) in the USA and Canada. Since its discovery in 2002 in Michigan, the beetle has quickly spread to at least 15 US States and Canadian Provinces, mainly through the transport of infested firewood and other wood products. In about 10 years, it is estimated that the beetle has killed over 30 million forest and ornamental trees, causing significant economic damage as well as serious concern for the survival of several ash species and related biodiversity and ecosystems in North America. The beetle has recently been discovered in the region of Moscow, from where it could invade the whole of Europe. Given its enormous impact in North America, the beetle is now on the alert list of many global, regional and national plant protection and environment protection organizations worldwide.

The use of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) for surveying and monitoring emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) infestations in eastern North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Careless ◽  
Stephen A. Marshall ◽  
Bruce D. Gill
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Wood Boring

AbstractThe beetle-hunting wasp, Cerceris fumipennis Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), native to eastern North America, provisions its subterranean nest almost exclusively with adult metallic wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), including the destructive emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, EAB). This wasp provides a unique opportunity to survey indigenous and nonindigenous buprestid diversity. We discuss the accessibility, sustainability, and productivity of C. fumipennis with respect to its application as a buprestid surveying and monitoring tool.

scholarly journals Emerald Ash Borer Approaches the Borders of the European Union and Kazakhstan and Is Confirmed to Infest European Ash

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Mark G. Volkovitsh ◽  
Andrzej O. Bieńkowski ◽  
Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
European Ash

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia, is an invasive pest of ash in North America and European Russia. This quarantine species is a threat to ash trees all over Europe. Survey in ten provinces of European Russia in 2019–2020 showed that EAB had spread faster and farther than was previously thought. The new infested sites were first detected in St. Petersburg (110–120 km from the EU border: Estonia, Finland) and Astrakhan Province (50 km from the Kazakhstan border). The current range of EAB in Europe includes Luhansk Province of Ukraine and 18 provinces of Russia: Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Tambov, Tula, Tver, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl. Within these, only seven quarantine phytosanitary zones in five provinces are declared by the National Plant Protection Organization of Russia. EAB was not found in the regions along the Middle Volga: Mari El, Chuvash and Tatarstan republics, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara and Saratov provinces. The infested sites in St. Petersburg and in the Lower Volga basin are range enclaves separated from the core invasion range by 470 and 370 km, correspondingly. It is possible that new enclaves can appear in the cities of Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan far from the current known range. All previously known infestations in European Russia were in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), which was introduced from North America, and individual trees of European ash (F. excelsior). A first confirmed case of mass decline of several thousand of EAB-infested European ash trees in Moscow province is provided. Therefore, there is no more doubt that under certain conditions EAB can seriously damage native ash trees in European forests.

scholarly journals Parasitoid Guilds ofAgrilusWoodborers (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): Their Diversity and Potential for Use in Biological Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Taylor ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Roger W. Fuester ◽  
Mark Hoddle ◽  
Roy Van Driesche
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Egg Parasitism ◽  
Hymenopteran Parasitoids

Literature studies in North America (US and Canada), Europe, and Asia (particularly Russia, China, Japan, and the Korean peninsula) were reviewed to identify parasitoid guilds associated withAgriluswoodborers. There are at least 12 species of hymenopteran parasitoids attacking eggs ofAgrilusbeetles and 56 species (36 genera), attackingAgriluslarvae infesting various host plants in North America, Asia, and Europe. While most of the egg parasitoids (9 species) belong to the family Encyrtidae, a majority of the larval parasitoids are members of five families: Braconidae (24 species/11 genera), Eulophidae (8 species/4 genera), Ichneumonidae (10 species/9 genera), and Eupelmidae (6 species/5 genera). The highest rate ofAgrilusegg parasitism (>50%) was exerted by encyrtid wasps (4 species) in North America, Asia, and Europe. In contrast, the highest rate ofAgriluslarval parasitism (>50%) was caused by species in two genera of braconids:Atanycolus(North America) andSpathius(Asia), and one eulophid genus,Tetrastichus(Asia and Europe). Reported rate ofAgriluslarval parasitism ichneumonids was frequent in North America, but generally low (<1%). Potential for success in biological control of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire) in the USA with North American native parasitoids and old-association Asian parasitoids is discussed.

Gut microbiome of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and its relationship with insect population density

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Robert Lavallée ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

ABSTRACT The gut microbial communities of beetles play crucial roles in their adaptive capacities. Environmental factors such as temperature or nutrition naturally affect the insect microbiome, but a shift in local conditions like the population density on a host tree could also lead to changes in the microbiota. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic wood borer that causes environmental and economic damage to ash trees in North America. This study aimed to describe the taxonomic structure of the EAB gut microbiome and explore its potential relationship with borer population size. The number of EAB adults collected per tree through a 75 km transect from an epicenter allowed the creation of distinct classes of population density. The Gammaproteobacteria and Ascomycota predominated in bacterial and fungal communities respectively, as determined by sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer ITS2. Species richness and diversity of the bacterial community showed significant dependence on population density. Moreover, α-diversity and β-diversity analysis revealed some indicator amplicon sequence variants suggesting that the plasticity of the gut microbiome could be related to the EAB population density in host trees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Xylem Discoloration in Ash Trees Associated with Macroinjections of a Systemic Insecticide

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tanis ◽  
Deborah McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis), first identified near Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 2002, has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in 28 states and two Canadian provinces to date. Trunk injections of insecticide products containing emamectin benzoate (EB) (e.g., TREE-ageR) are often used to protect ash trees in landscapes from EAB, but wounds and potential injury resulting from injections are a concern. Researchers examined 507 injection sites on 61 trees and recorded evidence of secondary wounding (e.g., external bark cracks, internal xylem necrosis and pathogen infection). Researchers assessed 233 injection sites on 22 green ash and 24 white ash trees macro-injected with a low or a medium-high rate of EB in 2008 only, or in both 2008 and 2009. Only 12 of 233 injection sites (5%) were associated with external bark cracks and there was no evidence of pathogen infection. On 39 of the 46 trees (85%), new xylem was growing over injection sites. Researchers assessed 274 injection sites on 15 green ash trees injected annually with EB from 2008 to 2013 or injected in 2008 and again in 2011. Bark cracks were associated with four injection sites on three trees, but no evidence of injury was found on the other 12 trees. All 15 trees had new xylem laid over injection sites. Confocal laser scanning and polarizing digital microscopy were used to assess the integrity of discolored xylem tissue removed from the immediate area surrounding 140 injection sites on 61 trees. Researchers found no evidence of decay associated with discoloration.

scholarly journals Record of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) in Ukraine is Confirmed

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drogvalenko ◽  
Orlova-Bienkowskaja ◽  
Bieńkowski
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Boring Insect ◽  
Wood Boring

Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a devastating invasive pest of ash trees. This wood-boring insect is native to Asia and established in European Russia about 20 years ago. It severely damages Fraxinus pennsylvanica plantations and quickly spreads. In 2019 we first detected A. planipennis in Ukraine. More than 20 larvae were collected from under the bark of F. pennsylvanica trees on 5 September 2019 in the Markivka District of the Luhansk Region. The coordinates of the localities of collection were 49.614991 N, 39.559743 E; 49.614160 N, 39.572402 E; and 49.597043 N, 39.561811 E. The photos of the damaged trees with larval galleries, exit holes and larvae are presented. It indicates that A. planipennis is established in the east of Ukraine. This fact is important for development of quarantine protocols to prevent or at least slow the further spread of this invasive pest in Europe.

scholarly journals Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah G McCullough
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Invasion Impacts ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA in 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect in North America. This phloem-boring beetle has also invaded Moscow, Russia and continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European ash (Fraxinus spp.) species. This review summarizes EAB life history, including interspecific variation in host preference, invasion impacts and challenges of detecting new infestations and provides an overview of available management tactics. Advances in systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective and practical options both to protect individual trees and to slow EAB population growth and ash decline on an area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs of treating ash are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by the trees, reduce sociocultural impacts and conserve genetic diversity in areas invaded by EAB. Girdled ash trees are highly attractive to EAB adults in low-density populations and debarking small girdled trees to locate larval galleries is the most effective EAB detection method. An array of woodpeckers, native larval parasitoids and introduced parasitoids attack EAB life stages but mortality is highly variable. Area-wide management strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trees, girdled ash trap trees and biological control can be adapted for local conditions to slow and reduce EAB impacts.

Estimates of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) larval galleries in branch samples from asymptomatic urban ash trees (Oleaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J. Turgeon ◽  
Jeffrey G. Fidgen ◽  
Krista L. Ryall ◽  
Taylor A. Scarr
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
North America ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Ash Trees

AbstractAgrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is causing extensive mortality of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) in North America. Once detected in an area, resource managers require methods to obtain estimates that could improve management decisions. We studied the within-crown and within-branch distribution and abundance of A. planipennis feeding galleries by sampling 3-m-long branches from asymptomatic urban ash trees and subdividing each branch into 12 sections of 25 cm each. We found galleries in all 12 sections of some, but not all, branches. Section was a significant source of variation in A. planipennis gallery density/m2 of branch surface area. A comparison of predictive power and efficiency of estimates for samples of increasing length, and for samples of the same length but consisting of different combinations of sections, revealed that those based on the two basal 25-cm sections of a branch from the lower-crown or mid-crown of an asymptomatic tree were less accurate and precise than those based on more sections, but were the most cost effective. Whittling more sections per branch, irrespective of the combinations of branch sections per length, improved predictive power but reduced cost effectiveness. We also observed that crown level was not important, and aspect was only marginally so, when estimating gallery abundance per sampled branch.

Modelling local and long-distance dispersal of invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera) in North America

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim R. Muirhead ◽  
Brian Leung ◽  
Colin Overdijk ◽  
David W. Kelly ◽  
Kanavillil Nandakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance

Biotic mortality factors affecting emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) are highly dependent on life stage and host tree crown condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Jennings ◽  
J.J. Duan ◽  
P.M. Shrewsbury
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Tree Resistance

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive forest pest in North America responsible for killing tens to hundreds of millions of ash trees since it was accidentally introduced in the 1990s. Although host-plant resistance and natural enemies are known to be important sources of mortality for EAB in Asia, less is known about the importance of different sources of mortality at recently colonized sites in the invaded range of EAB, and how these relate to host tree crown condition. To further our understanding of EAB population dynamics, we used a large-scale field experiment and life-table analyses to quantify the fates of EAB larvae and the relative importance of different biotic mortality factors at 12 recently colonized sites in Maryland. We found that the fates of larvae were highly dependent on EAB life stage and host tree crown condition. In relatively healthy trees (i.e., with a low EAB infestation) and for early instars, host tree resistance was the most important mortality factor. Conversely, in more unhealthy trees (i.e., with a moderate to high EAB infestation) and for later instars, parasitism and predation were the major sources of mortality. Life-table analyses also indicated how the lack of sufficient levels of host tree resistance and natural enemies contribute to rapid population growth of EAB at recently colonized sites. Our findings provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which EAB has been able to successfully establish and spread in North America.

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