scholarly journals Distinct Trajectories of Individual Physical Performance Measures Across 9 Years in 60- to 70-Year-Old Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959
Author(s):  
Trynke Hoekstra ◽  
Anna Galina Maria Rojer ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Andrea Britta Maier ◽  
Mirjam Pijnappels
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam

Abstract Background Physical performance is an important factor for successful aging. This study aimed to identify distinct trajectories of multiple physical performance measures over 9 years in individuals aged 60–70 years and to evaluate their characteristics and the overlap between measures. Methods Four physical performance measures were assessed in 440 participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam: tandem stand, gait speed, chair stand, and handgrip strength. Gender-specific latent class models were conducted to obtain distinct trajectories and their degree of overlap. Results Mean age at baseline was 67.9 (SD 1.7) years for males and 68.0 (SD 1.7) years for females. The optimal number of trajectories differed across measures. For tandem stand, no distinct trajectories were found (all 179 males, 198 females). For gait speed, three trajectories were identified, dependent on baseline speed: high-stable (47 males, 27 females), intermediate-stable (132 males, 130 females), and low-declining performance (6 males, 48 females). Two trajectories were identified for the chair stand: a stable (168 males, 150 females) and declining trajectory (10 males, 38 females). For handgrip strength, three declining trajectories were identified differing in baseline performance: high (55 males, 75 females), intermediate (111 males, 118 females), and low (17 males, 10 females). Overall, 11.9% of males and 5.7% of females were classified in similar trajectories across measures. Conclusions Trajectories of physical performance were heterogeneous, but showed similar patterns for males and females. Little overlap between measures was shown, suggesting different mechanisms for decline. This study emphasizes the use of multiple domains to assess physical performance.

scholarly journals SINGLE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES CANNOT IDENTIFY GERIATRIC OUTPATIENTS WITH SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S.M.L.M. Looijaard ◽  
S.J. Oudbier ◽  
E.M. Reijnierse ◽  
G.J. Blauw ◽  
C.G.M. Meskers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

Background: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in the older population and is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Equipment to measure muscle mass and muscle strength to diagnose sarcopenia is often unavailable in clinical practice due to the related expenses while an easy physical performance measure to identify individuals who could potentially have sarcopenia is lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between physical performance measures and definitions of sarcopenia in a clinically relevant population of geriatric outpatients. Design, setting and participants: A cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of 140 community-dwelling older adults that were referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic. No exclusion criteria were applied. Measurements: Physical performance measures included balance tests (side-by-side, semi-tandem and tandem test with eyes open and -closed), four-meter walk test, timed up and go test, chair stand test, handgrip strength and two subjective questions on mobility. Direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure muscle mass. Five commonly used definitions of sarcopenia were applied. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve.Results: Physical performance measures, i.e. side-by-side test, tandem test, chair stand test and handgrip strength, were associated with at least one definition of sarcopenia. Diagnostic accuracy of these physical performance measures was poor. Conclusions: Single physical performance measures could not identify older individuals with sarcopenia, according to five different definitions of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Perceived Physical and Mental Fatigability and Physical Performance in Very Old Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
Yixin Hu ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zhang ◽  
Woei-Nan Bair ◽  
Anying Bai ◽  
Li Fan
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Usual Gait Speed

Abstract To investigate the relationship between perceived physical and mental fatigability and physical performance in community-dwelling very old adults (≥80 years). We examined the association in one retired community in Beijing including 404 very old adults. Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS), Chinese version, was used to assess perceived fatigability in physical domain (PFS-P) and mental domain (PFS-M). High fatigability is defined as PFS-P ≥ 15, and PFS-M ≥ 13. Physical performance measures include grip strength, usual gait speed, chair stand and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. Women have higher PFS scores (both PFS-P & PFS-M) and higher prevalence of high fatigability than men. After adjusting for sex, usual gait speed and SPPB scores were significantly associated with PFS-P & PFS-M, while grip strength and chair stand performance were significantly associated with PFS-P only. After multivariable adjustment, usual gait speed (B=-3.745, P=0.021) and chair stand performance (B=0.335, P=0.005) were significantly associated with PFS-P, while usual gait speed (B=-2.656, P=0.006) and SPPB scores (B=-0.214, P=0.029) were significantly associated with PFS-M. Perceived physical and mental fatigability is highly prevalent in very older adults and they differ by sex. The significant associations between PFS scores and performance measures suggest that PFS is of potential clinical importance, especially when testing performance measures are not feasible. Utilization of PFS score can assist in identifying target populations who are at risk of reduced physical functions, such as older with depression, older women. Interventions to improve usual gait speed are likely to reduce both perceived physical and mental fatigability.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity Using Different Definitions and the Relationship With Strength and Physical Performance in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Purcell ◽  
Michelle Mackenzie ◽  
Thiago G. Barbosa-Silva ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence of this condition – and the relationship to physical performance parameters – varies across definitions. The aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to describe the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity using different published definitions and their relationship with handgrip strength and walking speed in older Canadian adults. Individuals aged 65+ in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 11,803; 49.6% male, 50.4% female) were included. Body composition was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined using 29 definitions. Low handgrip strength was identified as < 27 kg in males and < 16 kg in females and poor physical performance was defined as gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s. The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity ranged from 0.1 to 85.3% in males, and from 0 to 80.4% in females. Sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength (p < 0.05) in both males (14/17 definitions, 82.4%) and females (21/29 definitions, 72.4%). In very few definitions, sarcopenic obesity was associated with slow gait speed (males: 1/17 definitions [6.7%]; females: 2/29 [6.9%]). In conclusion, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity varied greatly according to definitions and sarcopenic obesity was frequently associated with low handgrip strength.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers, sarcopenia and its diagnostic criteria among the elderly: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mello de Mattos Margutti ◽  
Natielen Jacques Schuch ◽  
Carla Helena Augustin Schwanke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
European Working

Abstract Objective: To identify the relationship between inflammatory markers and sarcopenia, and the diagnostic criteria of the condition among the elderly. Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the consultation of the PubMed and LILACS databases. Eligible original articles were those involving individuals aged 60 years or more, which investigated sarcopenia [low muscle mass (MM) associated with poor muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus (EWGSOP)] or its diagnostic criteria, published in English or Portuguese, between 2010-2015. Results: Four articles were included in the review, the principle results of which were: the growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) exhibited a negative correlation with MM, handgrip strength and gait speed; the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) correlated positively with MM; follistatin exhibited a weak correlation with physical performance; activin A and myostatin did not correlate with the diagnostic criteria; the highest tercile of extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHsp72) was associated with lower median levels of MM, handgrip strength and gait speed; elderly persons with low MM had higher serum ferritin concentrations; women with low MM exhibited lower serum concentration levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: the six investigated inflammatory markers (GDF-15, IGF-1, follistatin, eHsp72, ferritin and CRP) were associated with the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, but not with sarcopenia itself. As research in this area is still developing, additional studies are required to broaden knowledge and eventually establish the role of these markers in the diagnosis and management of sarcopenia.

Abstract P335: Associations of Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality With Physical Performance in Older Adults --The Chicago Healthy Aging Study (CHAS)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ThanhHuyen T Vu ◽  
Kathryn J Reid ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Daniel B Garside ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
And Performance

Background: Sleep duration (too short or too long) is associated with lower physical performance. However, the association of sleep duration and physical performance, taking into account the quality of sleep (e.g., sleep disturbance) in older populations, has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Using data from the Chicago Healthy Aging study conducted in 2007-10, we investigated a cross-sectional association of a combination of sleep duration and sleep disturbance with muscle strength (hand grip), and performance [4m gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)]. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep duration [categorized as short (≤ 6 hours), normal (7-8 hours), and long (≥ 9 hours)] and sleep disturbance (defined as either cannot fall asleep within 30 minutes or waking up in the middle of the night or early morning three or more times per week). (See Table and Table Footnote for definitions of sleep duration and disturbance, and physical performance categories). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Results: The study sample consists of 952 men and 350 women, ages 65-84 (mean age 71) in 2007-10; 9% were African American.12.6 % had SPPB score ≤ 8, 6.8 % had gait speed on 4 meter course < 0.8 m/s, and 23.4 % had low sex-BMI specific handgrip strength. As compared to the group with normal sleep duration (7-8 hours) without sleep disturbance, adjusted odds (95% confidence interval) of low gait speed <0.8 m/s in those with short sleep duration (≤ 6 hours) and sleep disturbance was much higher [2.00 (1.06-3.75)]. Similarly, the odds of low sex-BMI specific handgrip strength was about 2 times higher in those with long duration of sleep (≥ 9 hours), compared to those with normal sleep duration without sleep disturbance. No association was found for Short Physical Performance Battery (see Table). Conclusion: In older age, short sleep duration with poor quality as well as excessive sleep duration were associated with the greater likelihood of having low muscle strength and performance.

117 Study of Development and Validation of the Multi-Sensor based Kiosk Performing Short Physical Performance Battery Automatically

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv28-iv33
Author(s):  
Heewon Jung ◽  
Jae-Young Lim ◽  
Jihong Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Short Physical Performance Battery ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

Abstract Background Short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a well-accepted clinical test to assess vulnerability in older adults. We aimed to develop and validate a multi-sensor based kiosk (e-SPPB kiosk) which can perform automated measurement for SPPB. Methods The e-SPPB kiosk was developed to measure 3 components of SPPB of standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand test with embedded sensors and algorithms. Feasibility and reliability of the e-SPPB kiosk was assessed with the manually measured SPPB (m-SPPB) by a physical therapist in participants aged 65 or older recruited from the outpatient rehabilitation clinic of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, from November 2018 to April 2019. Results In 34 participants with mean age of 73.6 (standard deviation [SD] 5.4), mean of e-SPPB total score was 10.1 (SD 2.2) and mean of m-SPPB total score was 10.2 (SD 2.3). Concordance between e-SPPB and m-SPPB total score was 0.94 (P&lt;0.001) and agreement by Kappa was 0.65 (P&lt;0.001). Agreements for components of e-SPPB and m-SPPB were 0.68 (P&lt;0.001), 0.73 (P&lt;0.001), 0.92 (P&lt;0.001) for standing balance, gait speed and chair stand test, respectively. Conclusion In older adults, physical performance measured by the e-SPPB kiosk correlated to m-SPPB measured by a single physical therapist. In multicenter studies for older people with physical performance as an outcome or selection criterion, e-SPPB kiosk can be used to reduce possible inter-rater variabilities of SPPB.

DHERENCE TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF SARCOPENIC SYMPTOMOLOGY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE OLDER ADULTS IN AUSTRALIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A. Stanton ◽  
J. Buckley ◽  
A. Villani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is inversely associated with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adherence to a MedDiet and sarcopenic symptomology in obese older adults. For confirmation of sarcopenia, low appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM: males, ≤7.25kg/m2; females, ≤5.5kg/m2) accompanied low handgrip strength (males, ≤30kg; females, ≤20kg) or low physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]: ≤8; or gait speed: ≤0.8m/sec). Adherence to a MedDiet was determined using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Sixty-five older adults were included. Adherence to a MedDiet was not associated with a decreased risk of sarcopenic symptomology (SPPB: OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01-3.1; P = 0.234; Muscle strength: OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 0.32-10.15; P = 0.499; Gait speed: OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.13-2.50; P = 0.468). Future research should investigate whether a Mediterranean-style intervention can prevent or improve sarcopenic symptomology, including in non-Mediterranean populations.

scholarly journals Detectable Changes in Physical Performance Measures in Elderly African Americans

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kline Mangione ◽  
Rebecca L. Craik ◽  
Alyson A. McCormick ◽  
Heather L. Blevins ◽  
Meaghan B. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
6Mwt Distance ◽  
African American Older Adults

Background African American older adults have higher rates of self-reported disability and lower physical performance scores compared with white older adults. Measures of physical performance are used to predict future morbidity and to determine the effect of exercise. Characteristics of performance measures are not known for African American older adults. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) time, free gait speed, fast gait speed, and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance in frail African American adults. Design This observational measurement study used a test-retest design. Methods Individuals were tested 2 times over a 1-week period. Demographic data collected included height, weight, number of medications, assistive device use, and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores. Participants then completed the 5 physical performance tests. Results Fifty-two participants (mean age=78 years) completed the study. The average MMSE score was 25 points, and the average body mass index was 29.4 kg/m2. On average, participants took 7 medications, and the majority used assistive devices. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1]) were greater than .90, except for the SPPB score (ICC=.81). The SEMs were 1.2 points for the SPPB, 1.7 seconds for the TUG, 0.08 m/s for free gait speed, 0.09 m/s for fast gait speed, and 28 m for 6MWT distance. The MDC values were 2.9 points for the SPPB, 4 seconds for the TUG, 0.19 m/s for free gait speed, 0.21 m/s for fast gait speed, and 65 m for 6MWT distance. Limitations The entire sample was from an urban area. Conclusions The SEMs were similar to previously reported values and can be used when working with African American and white older adults. Estimates of MDC were calculated to assist in clinical interpretation.

scholarly journals Relation between leg extension power and 30-s sit-to-stand muscle power in older adults: validation and translation to functional performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Alcazar ◽  
Rikke S. Kamper ◽  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Bryan Haddock ◽  
Eva Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leg Extension Power

Abstract This study aimed to assess the validity and functional relevance of a standardized procedure to assess lower limb muscle power by means of the 30-s sit-to-stand (STS) test when compared to leg extension power (LEP), traditional STS performance and handgrip strength. A total of 628 community-dwelling older subjects (60–93 years) from the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study were included. Physical performance was assessed by the 30-s STS and 10-m maximal gait speed tests. Handgrip strength and LEP were recorded by a hand-held dynamometer and the Nottingham power rig, respectively. STS muscle power was calculated using the subjects’ body mass and height, chair height and the number of repetitions completed in the 30-s STS test. We found a small albeit significant difference between LEP and unilateral STS power in older men (245.5 ± 88.8 vs. 223.4 ± 81.4 W; ES = 0.26; p < 0.05), but not in older women (135.9 ± 51.9 vs. 138.5 ± 49.6 W; ES = 0.05; p > 0.05). Notably, a large positive correlation was observed between both measures (r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Relative STS power was more strongly related with maximal gait speed than handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and relative LEP after adjusting for age (r = 0.53 vs 0.35–0.45; p < 0.05). In conclusion, STS power obtained from the 30-s STS test appeared to provide a valid measure of bilateral lower limb power and was more strongly related with physical performance than maximal handgrip strength, repetition-based STS performance and LEP.

P1490AGAIT SPEED AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH AS PREDICTORS OF ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ho Lee ◽  
Hyeyun Jeong ◽  
Dong Ho Yang ◽  
So-Young Lee ◽  
Jin Sug Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background and Aims Low physical performance in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is associated with a high mortality rate. We investigated the clinical relevance of gait speed and handgrip strength, the two most commonly used methods to assess physical performance. Method We obtained data regarding gait speed and handgrip strength from 277 hemodialysis patients and evaluated their relationship with baseline parameters, mental health, plasma inflammatory markers, and major adverse clinical outcomes. Low physical performance was defined by the recommendations suggested by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. Results The prevalence of low gait speed and handgrip strength were 28.2% and 44.8%, respectively. Old age, low serum albumin levels, high comorbidity index, and impaired cognitive functions were associated with low physical performance. Patients with isolated low gait speed exhibited a general trend for worse quality of life than those with isolated low handgrip strength. Gait speed and handgrip strength showed very weak correlations with had different determinant factors (older age, the presence of diabetes, and lower serum albumin for low gait speed, and lower body mass index, and the presence of previous cardiovascular events for low handgrip strength). Patients with low gait speed and handgrip strength had elevated levels of plasma endocan and matrix metalloproteinase-7 and the highest risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among the groups (adjusted hazard ratio of 2.72, p = 0.024). Conclusion Gait speed and handgrip strength reflected distinctive aspects of patient characteristics and that their combination improved the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Gait speed seems to be a better indicator for poor patient outcomes compared with handgrip strength.

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