The Impact of Sleep Disturbance on Regional Brain Volumes

Abstract Sleep disruption has been associated with increased beta-amyloid deposition and greater risk for later development of Alzheimer’s disease. Studies indicate that sleep disturbance correlates with regional brain volumes, but data are limited. We sought to determine the effect of sleep disturbance on regional brain volumes by cognitive and apolipoprotein e (APOE) e4 status. We conducted a secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set using complete structural imaging data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of sleep disturbance (via Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRI biomarkers. Sleep disruption was associated with greater volumes in the right and left lateral ventricles and greater volume of total white matter hyperintensities (p<.05). Lower mean volumes in total brain, total gray matter, and total cerebrum grey matter volumes, and in 12 hippocampal, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe volumes were observed among participants who reported sleep disturbance. Males, Hispanic participants, and those with less education were more likely to report sleep disruption. Cognitive status moderated the relationship between sleep disturbance and lateral ventricular volumes, while APOE e4 moderated the effect between sleep disturbance and parietal lobe volumes. These findings suggest that disrupted sleep is associated with atrophy across multiple brain regions and ventricular hydrocephalus ex vacuo, after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. The influence of cognition and APOE e4 status indicates that this relationship is affected by co-occurring physiological processes.

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The Effect of Anxiety on Regional Brain Volumes in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 371-372

Author(s):

Shanna Burke ◽

Tan Li ◽

Adrienne Grudzien ◽

Christopher Barnes ◽

Kevin Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parietal Lobe ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Occipital Lobe ◽

Ventricular Volume ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Data Set ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Regional Brain

Abstract Anxiety has been associated with greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and existing research has identified structural differences in regional brain tissue in anxious compared to healthy samples, but results have been variable and somewhat inconsistent. We sought to determine the effect of anxiety on regional brain volumes by cognitive and apolipoprotein e (APOE) e4 status using data from a large, national dataset. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) Data Set was conducted using complete MRI data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of anxiety (via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRI biomarkers. Anxiety was associated with lower total brain and total cortical gray matter volumes and increased lateral ventricular volume (p<.05). Lower mean volumes were also observed in all hippocampal, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe volumes among participants who reported anxiety. Conversely, greater ventricular volumes were also correlated with anxiety. Findings suggest that anxiety is associated with significant atrophy in multiple brain regions and ventricular enlargement, even after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. Anxiety-related changes to brain morphology may contribute to greater AD risk.

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Regional Brain Volumes Associated With Depression in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 371-371

Author(s):

Shanna Burke ◽

Tan Li ◽

Adrienne Grudzien ◽

Christopher Barnes ◽

Kevin Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Data Set ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Brain White Matter ◽

Regional Brain ◽

Total Brain ◽

Gray Matter Volumes

Abstract Depression has been associated with greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and existing research has identified structural differences in brain regions in depressed subjects compared to healthy samples, but results have been heterogeneous. We sought to determine the effect of depression on regional brain volumes by cognitive and APOE e4 status. Secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set was conducted using complete MRI data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of depression (via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRIs. Depression in the prior two years was associated with lower total brain, cerebrum,, and gray matter volumes and greater total brain white matter hyperintensities (p<.05). Greater volumes were also observed in all ventricular volume measures. Lower mean volumes were observed in six additional frontal lobe and parietal lobe cortical regions. Alternately, depression antecedent to the past 2 years correlated only with occipital lobe gray matter volumes (right, left, total). Our findings suggest that depression in the prior two years is associated with atrophy across multiple brain regions and related ventricular enlargement, even after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. The duration of depression influences results, however, as depression prior to 2 years before assessment was correlated with significantly fewer and different regional brain volume changes.

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The Longitudinal Association of Walking Efficiency With Brain Volumes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 783-783

Author(s):

Jennifer Schrack ◽

Fangyu Liu ◽

Amal Wanigatunga ◽

Yang An ◽

Christos Davatzikos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Region Of Interest ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Age Related ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Walking Efficiency

Abstract Walking efficiency (WE) predicts mobility decline and is linked with higher fatigability. Fatigability is associated with cognitive decline and reduced brain volumes (BV), but the link between WE and BV is undefined. We examined associations between WE and BV in 860 participants of the BLSA (mean age 66.4(14.4) years, 54.5% women). WE was assessed during 2.5-minutes of usual-paced walking using indirect calorimetry and standardized per meter (ml/kg/m). BV measures were derived using MRI scans and an automated multi-atlas region-of-interest approach. In linear mixed models adjusted for demographics, education, BMI, intracranial volume, and cognitive status, lower baseline WE was associated with lower total, white, and gray matter, primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes (all p<0.05). Longitudinally, declining WE was associated with increasing ventricular and decreasing hippocampal volumes over follow-up (all p<0.01). Findings suggest rising age-related inefficiencies may reflect underlying brain atrophy and serve as a novel indicator for future interventions.

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NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF ETHNICITY AND COGNITIVE STATUS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.1152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S315-S315

Author(s):

Shanna L Burke ◽

Adrienne Grudzien ◽

Mitra Naseh ◽

Tamara J Cadet

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Data Set ◽

Functional Activities ◽

Motor Disturbance ◽

Ordered Logistic Regression ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

Abstract Little is known about the likelihood of future functional deficits based on current neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs). This study seeks to examine the impact of NPSs on functional activities (FAs) by cognitive status and ethnicity. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted using ordered logistic regression to examine the effect of NPSs (based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire [NPI-Q]) on FAs (based on Functional Assessment Questionnaire). Participants had a mean age of 74 (SD: 9.88) and were included if normal cognition was assessed at baseline (n= 13,470). Higher rates of NPSs were associated with higher dependency in almost all FAs. Among NPSs, apathy was the best predictor (p<.05) of FAs for participants in different cognitive groups and ethnicity subsamples. The impact of other NPSs varied. Anxiety and apathy were the best predictors of FAs among participants with cognitive impairment (but not MCI). Among those who eventually developed dementia (n= 6,818), delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, irritability, and motor disturbance were significantly associated (p<.05) with future deficits in FAs. Among Hispanics (n=1,095), hallucinations, agitation, apathy, and motor disturbance were significantly associated with dependency in FAs, while for non-Hispanics, all NPSs were associated with dependency in FAs, except elation and nighttime disturbance. Findings suggest as the severity of the NPSs increases, older adults experience higher levels of dependency in FAs. The nature and extent of NPSs’ impact on FAs varied based on cognitive status and ethnicity, suggesting the importance of considering these factors in service provision.

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Association of polygenic risk for major psychiatric illness with subcortical volumes and white matter integrity in UK Biobank

10.1101/080283 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LM Reus ◽

X Shen ◽

J Gibson ◽

E Wigmore ◽

L Ligthart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Polygenic Risk ◽

Subcortical Brain ◽

The Impact ◽

Subcortical Volumes

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) are common, disabling and heritable psychiatric diseases with a complex overlapping polygenic architecture. Individuals with these disorders, as well as their unaffected relatives, show widespread structural differences in corticostriatal and limbic networks. Structural variation in many of these brain regions is also heritable and polygenic but whether their genetic architecture overlaps with major psychiatric disorders is unknown. We sought to address this issue by examining the impact of polygenic risk of MDD, SCZ, and BP on subcortical brain volumes and white matter (WM) microstructure in a large single sample of neuroimaging data; the UK Biobank Imaging study. The first release of UK Biobank imaging data compromised participants with overlapping genetic data and subcortical volumes (N = 978) and WM measures (N = 816). Our, findings however, indicated no statistically significant associations between either subcortical volumes or WM microstructure, and polygenic risk for MDD, SCZ or BP. In the current study, we found little or no evidence for genetic overlap between major psychiatric disorders and structural brain measures. These findings suggest that subcortical brain volumes and WM microstructure may not be closely linked to the genetic mechanisms of major psychiatric disorders.

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Slowing gait and risk for cognitive impairment

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000004153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 336-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Andrea L. Rosso ◽

Joe Verghese ◽

Andrea L. Metti ◽

Robert M. Boudreau ◽

Howard J. Aizenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Hippocampal Volume ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Right ◽

Posterior Parietal Lobe

Objective:To identify the shared neuroimaging signature of gait slowing and cognitive impairment.Methods:We assessed a cohort of older adults (n = 175, mean age 73 years, 57% female, 65% white) with repeated measures of gait speed over 14 years, MRI for gray matter volume (GMV) at year 10 or 11, and adjudicated cognitive status at year 14. Gait slowing was calculated by bayesian slopes corrected for intercepts, with higher values indicating faster decline. GMV was normalized to intracranial volume, with lower values indicating greater atrophy for 10 regions of interest (hippocampus, anterior and posterior cingulate, primary and supplementary motor cortices, posterior parietal lobe, middle frontal lobe, caudate, putamen, pallidum). Nonparametric correlations adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, muscle strength, and knee pain assessed associations of time to walk with GMV. Logistic regression models calculated odds ratios (ORs) of gait slowing with dementia or mild cognitive impairment with and without adjustment for GMV.Results:Gait slowing was associated with cognitive impairment at year 14 (OR per 0.1 s/y slowing 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.07). The right hippocampus was the only region that was related to both gait slowing (ρ = −0.16, p = 0.03) and cognitive impairment (OR 0.17, p = 0.009). Adjustment for right hippocampal volume attenuated the association of gait slowing with cognitive impairment by 23%.Conclusions:The association between gait slowing and cognitive impairment is supported by a shared neural substrate that includes a smaller right hippocampus. This finding underscores the value of long-term gait slowing as an early indicator of dementia risk.

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Revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile: Association with Cognitive Status and MRI-Derived Volumetric Measures

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-200803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 1393-1408

Author(s):

Isabelle Pelcher ◽

Christian Puzo ◽

Yorghos Tripodis ◽

Hugo J. Aparicio ◽

Eric G. Steinberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Test Performance ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Total Brain Volume ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Set

Background: The Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) was created in 1991 to estimate 10-year risk of stroke. It was revised in 2017 (rFSRP) to reflect the modern data on vascular risk factors and stroke risk. Objective: This study examined the association between the rFSRP and cognitive and brain aging outcomes among participants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS). Methods: Cross-sectional rFSRP was computed at baseline for 19,309 participants (mean age = 72.84, SD = 8.48) from the NACC-UDS [9,697 (50.2%) normal cognition, 4,705 (24.4%) MCI, 4,907 (25.4%) dementia]. Multivariable linear, logistic, or ordinal regressions examined the association between the rFSRP and diagnostic status, neuropsychological test performance, CDR® Sum of Boxes, as well as total brain volume (TBV), hippocampal volume (HCV), and log-transformed white matter hyperintensities (WMH) for an MRI subset (n = 1,196). Models controlled for age, sex, education, racial identity, APOE ɛ4 status, and estimated intracranial volume for MRI models. Results: The mean rFSRP probability was 10.42% (min = 0.50%, max = 95.71%). Higher rFSRP scores corresponded to greater CDR Sum of Boxes (β= 0.02, p = 0.028) and worse performance on: Trail Making Test A (β= 0.05, p < 0.001) and B (β= 0.057, p < 0.001), and Digit Symbol (β= –0.058, p < 0.001). Higher rFSRP scores were associated with increased odds for a greater volume of log-transformed WMH (OR = 1.02 per quartile, p = 0.015). No associations were observed for diagnosis, episodic memory or language test scores, HCV, or TBV. Conclusion: These results support the rFSRP as a useful metric to facilitate clinical research on the associations between cerebrovascular disease and cognitive and brain aging.

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Age at Exposure to Parental Suicide and the Subsequent Risk of Suicide in Young People

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000468 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kuan-Ying Lee ◽

Chung-Yi Li ◽

Kun-Chia Chang ◽

Tsung-Hsueh Lu ◽

Ying-Yeh Chen

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Birth Registry ◽

Data Set ◽

Parental Suicide ◽

The Impact ◽

Age At Exposure

Abstract. Background: We investigated the age at exposure to parental suicide and the risk of subsequent suicide completion in young people. The impact of parental and offspring sex was also examined. Method: Using a cohort study design, we linked Taiwan's Birth Registry (1978–1997) with Taiwan's Death Registry (1985–2009) and identified 40,249 children who had experienced maternal suicide (n = 14,431), paternal suicide (n = 26,887), or the suicide of both parents (n = 281). Each exposed child was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year whose parents were still alive. This yielded a total of 398,081 children for our non-exposed cohort. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the suicide risk of the exposed and non-exposed groups. Results: Compared with the non-exposed group, offspring who were exposed to parental suicide were 3.91 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10–4.92 more likely to die by suicide after adjusting for baseline characteristics. The risk of suicide seemed to be lower in older male offspring (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.57–6.06), but higher in older female offspring (HR = 5.30, 95% CI = 3.05–9.22). Stratified analyses based on parental sex revealed similar patterns as the combined analysis. Limitations: As only register-based data were used, we were not able to explore the impact of variables not contained in the data set, such as the role of mental illness. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a prominent elevation in the risk of suicide among offspring who lost their parents to suicide. The risk elevation differed according to the sex of the afflicted offspring as well as to their age at exposure.

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State Medical Boards' Perceptions of a Minimum Data Set and Current Practices for Collecting Physician Information

Journal of Medical Regulation ◽

10.30770/2572-1852-99.4.40 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron Young ◽

Philip Davignon ◽

Margaret B. Hansen ◽

Mark A. Eggen

Keyword(s):

Media Coverage ◽

The United States ◽

Minimum Data Set ◽

Direct Patient Care ◽

Physician Workforce ◽

Data Set ◽

Minimum Data ◽

State Medical Boards ◽

The Impact ◽

Current Practices

ABSTRACT Recent media coverage has focused on the supply of physicians in the United States, especially with the impact of a growing physician shortage and the Affordable Care Act. State medical boards and other entities maintain data on physician licensure and discipline, as well as some biographical data describing their physician populations. However, there are gaps of workforce information in these sources. The Federation of State Medical Boards' (FSMB) Census of Licensed Physicians and the AMA Masterfile, for example, offer valuable information, but they provide a limited picture of the physician workforce. Furthermore, they are unable to shed light on some of the nuances in physician availability, such as how much time physicians spend providing direct patient care. In response to these gaps, policymakers and regulators have in recent years discussed the creation of a physician minimum data set (MDS), which would be gathered periodically and would provide key physician workforce information. While proponents of an MDS believe it would provide benefits to a variety of stakeholders, an effort has not been attempted to determine whether state medical boards think it is important to collect physician workforce data and if they currently collect workforce information from licensed physicians. To learn more, the FSMB sent surveys to the executive directors at state medical boards to determine their perceptions of collecting workforce data and current practices regarding their collection of such data. The purpose of this article is to convey results from this effort. Survey findings indicate that the vast majority of boards view physician workforce information as valuable in the determination of health care needs within their state, and that various boards are already collecting some data elements. Analysis of the data confirms the potential benefits of a physician minimum data set (MDS) and why state medical boards are in a unique position to collect MDS information from physicians.

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The Impact of Green Labels on U.S. Hotel Net Operating Income: Operating Statements Analyses

Journal of Sustainable Real Estate ◽

10.22300/1949-8276.11.1.156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 156-173

Author(s):

Spenser Robinson ◽

A.J. Singh

Keyword(s):

Environmental Design ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Small Sample ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Data Set ◽

Operating Income ◽

Energy Star ◽

The Impact ◽

Industry Professionals

This paper shows Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified hospitality properties exhibit increased expenses and earn lower net operating income (NOI) than non-certified buildings. ENERGY STAR certified properties demonstrate lower overall expenses than non-certified buildings with statistically neutral NOI effects. Using a custom sample of all green buildings and their competitive data set as of 2013 provided by Smith Travel Research (STR), the paper documents potential reasons for this result including increased operational expenses, potential confusion with certified and registered LEED projects in the data, and qualitative input. The qualitative input comes from a small sample survey of five industry professionals. The paper provides one of the only analyses on operating efficiencies with LEED and ENERGY STAR hospitality properties.

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