scholarly journals The Effect of Anxiety on Regional Brain Volumes in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 371-372
Author(s):  
Shanna Burke ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Adrienne Grudzien ◽  
Christopher Barnes ◽  
Kevin Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain

Abstract Anxiety has been associated with greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and existing research has identified structural differences in regional brain tissue in anxious compared to healthy samples, but results have been variable and somewhat inconsistent. We sought to determine the effect of anxiety on regional brain volumes by cognitive and apolipoprotein e (APOE) e4 status using data from a large, national dataset. A secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform (NACC) Data Set was conducted using complete MRI data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of anxiety (via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRI biomarkers. Anxiety was associated with lower total brain and total cortical gray matter volumes and increased lateral ventricular volume (p<.05). Lower mean volumes were also observed in all hippocampal, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe volumes among participants who reported anxiety. Conversely, greater ventricular volumes were also correlated with anxiety. Findings suggest that anxiety is associated with significant atrophy in multiple brain regions and ventricular enlargement, even after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. Anxiety-related changes to brain morphology may contribute to greater AD risk.

scholarly journals Regional Brain Volumes Associated With Depression in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Shanna Burke ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Adrienne Grudzien ◽  
Christopher Barnes ◽  
Kevin Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes

Abstract Depression has been associated with greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and existing research has identified structural differences in brain regions in depressed subjects compared to healthy samples, but results have been heterogeneous. We sought to determine the effect of depression on regional brain volumes by cognitive and APOE e4 status. Secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set was conducted using complete MRI data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of depression (via the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRIs. Depression in the prior two years was associated with lower total brain, cerebrum,, and gray matter volumes and greater total brain white matter hyperintensities (p<.05). Greater volumes were also observed in all ventricular volume measures. Lower mean volumes were observed in six additional frontal lobe and parietal lobe cortical regions. Alternately, depression antecedent to the past 2 years correlated only with occipital lobe gray matter volumes (right, left, total). Our findings suggest that depression in the prior two years is associated with atrophy across multiple brain regions and related ventricular enlargement, even after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. The duration of depression influences results, however, as depression prior to 2 years before assessment was correlated with significantly fewer and different regional brain volume changes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sleep Disturbance on Regional Brain Volumes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 470-470
Author(s):  
Shanna Burke ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Adrienne Grudzien ◽  
Christopher Barnes ◽  
Kevin Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Sleep disruption has been associated with increased beta-amyloid deposition and greater risk for later development of Alzheimer’s disease. Studies indicate that sleep disturbance correlates with regional brain volumes, but data are limited. We sought to determine the effect of sleep disturbance on regional brain volumes by cognitive and apolipoprotein e (APOE) e4 status. We conducted a secondary analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set using complete structural imaging data from 1,371 participants (mean age: 70.5; SD: 11.7). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted effect of sleep disturbance (via Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire) on regional brain volumes through measurement of 30 structural MRI biomarkers. Sleep disruption was associated with greater volumes in the right and left lateral ventricles and greater volume of total white matter hyperintensities (p<.05). Lower mean volumes in total brain, total gray matter, and total cerebrum grey matter volumes, and in 12 hippocampal, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe volumes were observed among participants who reported sleep disturbance. Males, Hispanic participants, and those with less education were more likely to report sleep disruption. Cognitive status moderated the relationship between sleep disturbance and lateral ventricular volumes, while APOE e4 moderated the effect between sleep disturbance and parietal lobe volumes. These findings suggest that disrupted sleep is associated with atrophy across multiple brain regions and ventricular hydrocephalus ex vacuo, after controlling for intracranial volume and demographic covariates. The influence of cognition and APOE e4 status indicates that this relationship is affected by co-occurring physiological processes.

scholarly journals Cortical spectral matching and shape and volume analysis of the fetal brain pre- and post-fetal surgery for spina bifida: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Mufti ◽  
Michael Aertsen ◽  
Michael Ebner ◽  
Lucas Fidon ◽  
Premal Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Purpose A retrospective study was performed to study the effect of fetal surgery on brain development measured by MRI in fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC). Methods MRI scans of 12 MMC fetuses before and after surgery were compared to 24 age-matched controls without central nervous system abnormalities. An automated super-resolution reconstruction technique generated isotropic brain volumes to mitigate 2D MRI fetal motion artefact. Unmyelinated white matter, cerebellum and ventricles were automatically segmented, and cerebral volume, shape and cortical folding were thereafter quantified. Biometric measures were calculated for cerebellar herniation level (CHL), clivus-supraocciput angle (CSO), transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and ventricular width (VW). Shape index (SI), a mathematical marker of gyrification, was derived. We compared cerebral volume, surface area and SI before and after MMC fetal surgery versus controls. We additionally identified any relationship between these outcomes and biometric measurements. Results MMC ventricular volume/week (mm3/week) increased after fetal surgery (median: 3699, interquartile range (IQR): 1651–5395) compared to controls (median: 648, IQR: 371–896); P = 0.015. The MMC SI is higher pre-operatively in all cerebral lobes in comparison to that in controls. Change in SI/week in MMC fetuses was higher in the left temporal lobe (median: 0.039, IQR: 0.021–0.054), left parietal lobe (median: 0.032, IQR: 0.023–0.039) and right occipital lobe (median: 0.027, IQR: 0.019–0.040) versus controls (P = 0.002 to 0.005). Ventricular volume (mm3) and VW (mm) (r = 0.64), cerebellar volume and TCD (r = 0.56) were moderately correlated. Conclusions Following fetal myelomeningocele repair, brain volume, shape and SI were significantly different from normal in most cerebral layers. Morphological brain changes after fetal surgery are not limited to hindbrain herniation reversal. These findings may have neurocognitive outcome implications and require further evaluation.

scholarly journals Evening preference correlates with regional brain volumes in the anterior occipital lobe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
SL. Evans ◽  
MA Leocadio-Miguel ◽  
TP Taporoski ◽  
LM Gomez ◽  
ARVR Horimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Regional Brain

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. McWhinney ◽  
◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Martin Alda ◽  
Francesco Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles  and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

scholarly journals Understanding the genetic determinants of the brain with MOSTest

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis van der Meer ◽  
Oleksandr Frei ◽  
Tobias Kaufmann ◽  
Alexey A. Shadrin ◽  
Anna Devor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Significance Threshold ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Regional brain morphology has a complex genetic architecture, consisting of many common polymorphisms with small individual effects. This has proven challenging for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Due to the distributed nature of genetic signal across brain regions, multivariate analysis of regional measures may enhance discovery of genetic variants. Current multivariate approaches to GWAS are ill-suited for complex, large-scale data of this kind. Here, we introduce the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), with an efficient computational design enabling rapid and reliable inference, and apply it to 171 regional brain morphology measures from 26,502 UK Biobank participants. At the conventional genome-wide significance threshold of α = 5 × 10−8, MOSTest identifies 347 genomic loci associated with regional brain morphology, more than any previous study, improving upon the discovery of established GWAS approaches more than threefold. Our findings implicate more than 5% of all protein-coding genes and provide evidence for gene sets involved in neuron development and differentiation.

The effect of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on hippocampal and lateral ventricular volume in psychosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dutt ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
E. Dempster ◽  
D. Prata ◽  
M. Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Brain Morphometry

BackgroundMorphometric endophenotypes which have been proposed for psychotic disorders include lateral ventricular enlargement and hippocampal volume reductions. Genetic epidemiological studies support an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes have been implicated in the aetiology of both these disorders. This study examined associations between these candidate genes and morphometric endophenotypes for psychosis.MethodA total of 383 subjects (128 patients with psychosis, 194 of their unaffected relatives and 61 healthy controls) from the Maudsley Family Psychosis Study underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping. The effect of candidate genes on brain morphometry was examined using linear regression models adjusting for clinical group, age, sex and correlations between members of the same family.ResultsThe results showed no evidence of association between variation in COMT genotype and lateral ventricular, and left or right hippocampal volumes. Neither was there any effect of the BDNF, 5-HTTLPR, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genotypes on these regional brain volumes.ConclusionsAbnormal hippocampal and lateral ventricular volumes are among the most replicated endophenotypes for psychosis; however, the influences of COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes on these key brain regions must be very subtle if at all present.

scholarly journals Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity related to the main alexithymia dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e000003
Author(s):  
Han Dai ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Mei Minjun ◽  
Sun Xiaofei
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

BackgroundAlexithymia is a multidimensional personality construct.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the neuronal correlates of each alexithymia dimension by examining the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of intrinsic brain activity in a resting situation.MethodsFrom university freshmen, students with alexithymia and non-alexithymia were recruited. Their alexithymic traits were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. The ReHo was examined using a resting-state functional MRI approach.ResultsThis study suggests significant group differences in ReHo in multiple brain regions distributed in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe and insular cortex. However, only the ReHo in the insula was positively associated with difficulty identifying feelings, a main dimension of alexithymia. The ReHo in the lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus was positively associated with difficulty describing feelings in participants with alexithymia. Lastly, the ReHo in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC_R) was negatively related to the externally oriented thinking style of participants with alexithymia.ConclusionIn conclusion, these results suggest that the main dimensions of alexithymia are correlated with specific brain regions’ function, and the role of the insula, lingual gyrus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and DMPFC_R in the neuropathology of alexithymia should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Intercorrelations of Glucose Metabolic Rates between Brain Regions: Application to Healthy Males in a State of Reduced Sensory Input

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Horwitz ◽  
Ranjan Duara ◽  
Stanley I. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Healthy Males

We use a correlational analysis of regional metabolic rates to characterize relations among different brain regions. Starting with rates of local glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) obtained by positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, we propose that pairs of brain regions whose rCMRglc values are significantly correlated are functionally associated, and that the strength of the association is proportional to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for whole brain glucose metabolism, are used in the analysis. We also introduce a graphical technique to display simultaneously all the correlations, allowing us to examine patterns of relations among them. The method was applied to 40 very healthy males under conditions of reduced auditory and visual inputs (the “resting state”). Dividing the brain into 59 regions, and keeping only those partial correlation coefficients significant to p < 0.01, we found the following: (a) All regions were significantly correlated with their contralateral homologues. For the most part, the largest partial correlation coefficients were between homologous brain regions. (b) Generally, the pattern of significant correlations between any two lobes in the left hemisphere did not differ statistically from the corresponding pattern in the right hemisphere. (c) Strong correlations were observed between primary somatosensory areas and premotor association areas. Correlations between these association areas and primary visual and auditory regions were not statistically significant. (d) Significant correlations between inferior occipital and temporal areas were found. Metabolic rates in the superior part of the occipital lobe were not correlated significantly with metabolic rates in regions of the temporal lobe, nor with metabolism in the parietal lobe. (e) As a whole, there were numerous correlations among frontal and parietal lobe regions, on the one hand, and among temporal and occipital lobe regions, on the other, but few statistically significant correlations between these two domains. We relate our results to various aspects of known brain anatomy, physiology, and cognitive functioning.

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