The Impact of Green Labels on U.S. Hotel Net Operating Income: Operating Statements Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Spenser Robinson ◽  
A.J. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Energy Star ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industry Professionals

This paper shows Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified hospitality properties exhibit increased expenses and earn lower net operating income (NOI) than non-certified buildings. ENERGY STAR certified properties demonstrate lower overall expenses than non-certified buildings with statistically neutral NOI effects. Using a custom sample of all green buildings and their competitive data set as of 2013 provided by Smith Travel Research (STR), the paper documents potential reasons for this result including increased operational expenses, potential confusion with certified and registered LEED projects in the data, and qualitative input. The qualitative input comes from a small sample survey of five industry professionals. The paper provides one of the only analyses on operating efficiencies with LEED and ENERGY STAR hospitality properties.

scholarly journals Impact of gold and oil prices on the stock market in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 279-294
Author(s):  
Aiza Shabbir ◽  
Shazia Kousar ◽  
Syeda Azra Batool
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the study is to find out the impact of gold and oil prices on the stock market. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the data on gold prices, stock exchange and oil prices for the period 1991–2016. This study applied descriptive statistics, augmented Dickey–Fuller test, correlation and autoregressive distributed lag test. Findings The data analysis results showed that gold and oil prices have a significant impact on the stock market. Research limitations/implications Following empirical evidence of this study, the authors recommend that investors should invest in gold because the main reason is that hike in inflation reduces the real value of money, and people seek to invest in alternative investment avenues like gold to preserve the value of their assets and earn additional returns. This suggests that investment in gold can be used as a tool to decline inflation pressure to a sustainable level. This study was restricted to use small sample data owing to the availability of data from 1991 to 2017 and could not use structural break unit root tests with two structural break and structural break cointegration approach, as these tests require high-frequency data set. Originality/value This study provides information to the investors who want to get the benefit of diversification by investing in gold, oil and stock market. In the current era, gold prices and oil prices are fluctuating day by day, and investors think that stock returns may or may not be affected by these fluctuations. This study is unique because it focusses on current issues and takes the current data in this research to help investment institutions or portfolio managers.

Covid-19, disrupted vegetable supply chain and direct marketing: experiences from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarnath Tripathi ◽  
Nisha Bharti ◽  
Sucheta Sardar ◽  
Sushant Malik
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smirnov Test

PurposeThis paper examines the impact of the Covid-19 induced lockdown on selected vegetables to confirm if the vegetable supply chain was disrupted during that period. It attempts to see if direct marketing via FPOs/FPCs helped Indian farmers to cope with adverse situations aroused in vegetable marketing.Design/methodology/approachThis study opted for mixed methods research. First, a granular data set comprising daily observation on wholesale price and the market arrival of vegetables were analysed. Descriptive statistics and Kalmogorov-Smirnov test were used to understand the severity of disruptions in the vegetable supply chain in India during the lockdown. Then, qualitative information from different stakeholders engaged in the vegetable marketing was collected through a phone survey and assessed using content analysis to comprehend how FPOs have helped farmer’s during this crisis.FindingsThis paper confirms disruptions in the vegetable supply chain. Quantities of chosen vegetables arriving in the mandis were significantly lower than in the previous year for all phases of lockdown. Consequently, prices were much higher than in 2019–2020 for both the lockdown and subsequent phases unlock. Results further suggest that those farmers who are already in networks of FPOs/FPCs are able to get benefited. It was also observed that direct marketing through institutional supports is being more explored in the regions where FPOs/FPCs already exist.Research limitations/implicationsSince it is an exploratory study involving a small sample, the research results may lack generalisability.Originality/valueThis study provides scope for direct marketing through FPOs/FPCs in improving the food supply chain.

Children’s literature in the digital world

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Simpson ◽  
Maureen Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multimodal Texts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to interrogate the place of literature in the digital world and the way a narrative is represented in digital spaces. In the changing landscape of digital, mobile and virtual texts, the authors aimed to examine how multimodal and animated elements in digital narratives engage young readers and encourage affective and aesthetic reader response? Design/methodology/approach – The study was an exploratory, interpretive qualitative research study undertaken in a classroom of 28 10-year-old boys in grade 5. The investigators analysed data recorded during a lesson where students responded to the textual conventions and literary features of a traditional story read in print and multimodal digital format. Two coding systems were used to identify students’ understanding of textual conventions along with the nature of their responses. Findings – The results suggested that when students are prompted to attend to the impact of multimodal layering in digital literature, affective, aesthetic and critical responses, they are encouraged in their interpretations. The responses emphasised the importance of teacher scaffolding and development of meta-language in teaching literature in both print and digital form. Research limitations/implications – Because of the small sample and limited data set, the research results lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed implications further. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for teacher pedagogy, while teaching reading with multimodal narratives in digital form. Originality/value – This paper offers insight into the differences between print and multimodal literary texts; it codes students’ responses to multimodal texts and offers a method for analysis.

scholarly journals Impact of sample size on principal component analysis ordination of an environmental data set: effects on eigenstructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shahid Shaukat ◽  
Toqeer Ahmed Rao ◽  
Moazzam A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, we used bootstrap simulation of a real data set to investigate the impact of sample size (N = 20, 30, 40 and 50) on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors resulting from principal component analysis (PCA). For each sample size, 100 bootstrap samples were drawn from environmental data matrix pertaining to water quality variables (p = 22) of a small data set comprising of 55 samples (stations from where water samples were collected). Because in ecology and environmental sciences the data sets are invariably small owing to high cost of collection and analysis of samples, we restricted our study to relatively small sample sizes. We focused attention on comparison of first 6 eigenvectors and first 10 eigenvalues. Data sets were compared using agglomerative cluster analysis using Ward’s method that does not require any stringent distributional assumptions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sampling Designs on Small Area Estimates for Business Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pablo Burgard ◽  
Ralf Münnich ◽  
Thomas Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Business Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Evidence-based policy making and economic decision making rely on accurate business information on a national level and increasingly also on smaller regions and business classes. In general, traditional design-based methods suffer from low accuracy in the case of very small sample sizes in certain subgroups, whereas model-based methods, such as small area techniques, heavily rely on strong statistical models. In small area applications in business statistics, two major issues may occur. First, in many countries business registers do not deliver strong auxiliary information for adequate model building. Second, sampling designs in business surveys are generally nonignorable and contain a large variation of survey weights. The present study focuses on the performance of small area point and accuracy estimates of business statistics under different sampling designs. Different strategies of including sampling design information in the models are discussed. A design-based Monte Carlo simulation study unveils the impact of the variability of design weights and different levels of aggregation on model- versus design-based estimation methods. This study is based on a close to reality data set generated from Italian business data.

The Impact of 3D Coordinate Technology Using Nanomaterials on Architecture Engineering Industry

2022 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Salah Hamed Ramadan Ali ◽  
Gehan A. Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Code Unit ◽  
The Impact

Coordinate technologies play an important role in many industrial applications, especially for eco nanobuildings and spaces. Lately, the global new architecture seems to be more automated as appeared in the parametric architecture, topological, animate, metamorphic, and isomorphic and per formative architecture. They all depend on the visualization, the high precision techniques, and the 4th dimension all within sustainability. But till now, there is no main environmental space code, unit or standards to deal with to insure that the environmental design became in a form of an easier one to be the design of the era as all the global calls aware us to preserve the nature from pollution. Mainly within the call for the nanotechnology, if there is found a least architectural volumetric unit which can fulfill all the environmental sustainable systems within the visionary and the 4th dimensional acts, then we can act with the environment with easier spaces that can be duplicated in a uniform way, to work easily for measure and estimate the budget of his supposed built space. Therefore, the main liable issue concerns the research for the least architectural volumetric unit, and we can call it the nanoarchitectural unit. As nanoarchitecture is a virtual and proposed kind of architecture, which the architects aim to create it or follow it the nanotechnology to insure that the 3D technology is to submit as an application in all branches of science, to achieve a dream of the present-day from sustainability and environment for future generations. Accordingly, recent studies have confirmed that 3D coordinate technology using digital printing has an important subtle impact on industry, especially for green buildings and spaces.

scholarly journals The Impact of Debt on Capital Structure: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Gbalam Peter Eze ◽  
Akwarandu Uzochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Tax Shield ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Debt Tax Shield ◽  
Firm Leverage ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the impact of tax shield on capital structure of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria. Five hypotheses were formulated following the dependent variables of Long Term Debt Ratio and Short Term Debt Ratio. The independent variables employed for this study are: Operating Income, Non-Debt Tax Shield, Debt Tax Shield, Trade Credit Ratio, Firm Size and Firm Leverage. This study is based on ex-post facto research design and made use of panel data set collected from thirty five (35) non-financial companies over a five year period of 2015 and 2019 financial year.  We analyzed the data set using panel least square regression analysis. Our finding supports the trade-off theory developed by Modigliani and Miller’s [1] who explained that, “the relevance of debt with the existence of taxes is beneficial for the formation of a firm’s capital structure and serves to shield earnings from taxes. The result showed that both variables of debt tax shield and firm leverage significantly impact on capital structure of non-financial firms in Nigeria during the period under investigation. The study recommends among others that concerted efforts should be made by financial regulatory bodies to stabilize the tax structure/system in Nigeria. This is based on the fact that reduction of tax frictions not only increases capital buffers for all firms; it also decreases the “Risk Taking” levels of firm managers.

Does Food Price Subsidy Affect Dietary Diversity? Evidence from South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-290
Author(s):  
Umanath Malaiarasan ◽  
R. Paramasivam ◽  
K. Thomas Felix
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Price Subsidy ◽  
The Impact

The present study has tried to address the impact of subsidised rice distribution through the public distribution system on dietary diversity and nutrition intake in the state of Tamil Nadu in India as the state is considered a pioneer in introducing a number of food security programmes in India. We used National Sample Survey Organisation’s data for the years 2004-05 and 2011-12, and the propensity score matching technique to estimate the actual impact of the subsidy programme on food consumption patterns and nutrient intake, as the data-set used for analysis was subjected to non-randomisation and selection bias. The estimated results reveal that the subsidy on rice has significantly and positively impacted food consumption and nutritional intake across households, irrespective of income groups. The increased purchasing power of the poor due to the subsidy is limited to the staple food commodities—rice, millets, pulses and vegetables—whereas middle- and high-income households are more likely to consume high-value commodities such as fruits, processed food and livestock products, with a resultant higher gain in fat and calcium. Our study indicates that extending the price subsidy to nutritious foods, besides rice can help the poor diversify their diets towards healthy and nutrient-rich foods. JEL Codes: C5, C54, D01, D11, D12, Q11, Q18

Age at Exposure to Parental Suicide and the Subsequent Risk of Suicide in Young People

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ying Lee ◽  
Chung-Yi Li ◽  
Kun-Chia Chang ◽  
Tsung-Hsueh Lu ◽  
Ying-Yeh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parental Suicide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age At Exposure

Abstract. Background: We investigated the age at exposure to parental suicide and the risk of subsequent suicide completion in young people. The impact of parental and offspring sex was also examined. Method: Using a cohort study design, we linked Taiwan's Birth Registry (1978–1997) with Taiwan's Death Registry (1985–2009) and identified 40,249 children who had experienced maternal suicide (n = 14,431), paternal suicide (n = 26,887), or the suicide of both parents (n = 281). Each exposed child was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year whose parents were still alive. This yielded a total of 398,081 children for our non-exposed cohort. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the suicide risk of the exposed and non-exposed groups. Results: Compared with the non-exposed group, offspring who were exposed to parental suicide were 3.91 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10–4.92 more likely to die by suicide after adjusting for baseline characteristics. The risk of suicide seemed to be lower in older male offspring (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.57–6.06), but higher in older female offspring (HR = 5.30, 95% CI = 3.05–9.22). Stratified analyses based on parental sex revealed similar patterns as the combined analysis. Limitations: As only register-­based data were used, we were not able to explore the impact of variables not contained in the data set, such as the role of mental illness. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a prominent elevation in the risk of suicide among offspring who lost their parents to suicide. The risk elevation differed according to the sex of the afflicted offspring as well as to their age at exposure.

An influence of social isolation on the level of physical activity as well as on well-being and mental state of people during the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Parfin ◽  
Krystian Wdowiak ◽  
Marzena Furtak-Niczyporuk ◽  
Jolanta Herda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroduction. The COVID-19 is the name of an infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). It was first diagnosed in December 2019 in patients in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The symptoms are dominated by features of respiratory tract infections, in some patients with a very severe course leading to respiratory failure and, in extreme cases to death. Due to the spread of the infection worldwide, the WHO declared a pandemic in March 2020.Aim. An investigation of the impact of social isolation introduced due to the coronavirus pandemic on selected aspects of life. The researchers focused on observing changes in habits related to physical activity and their connections with people’s subjective well-being and emotional state.Material and methods. The study was carried out within the international project of the group „IRG on COVID and exercise”. The research tool was a standardized questionnaire.Results. Based on the data collected and the analysis of the percentage results, it can be observed that the overwhelming majority of people taking up physical activity reported a better mood during the pandemic. However, statistical tests do not confirm these relationships due to the small sample size.Conclusions. Isolation favours physical activity. Future, in-depth studies, by enlarging the population group, are necessary to confirm the above observations.

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