scholarly journals More Energy and Less Fatigue: Implications for Successful Brain Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 782-782
Author(s):  
Caterina Rosano ◽  
Nancy Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Body Composition Study

Abstract Higher energy and lower fatigue are intuitively important to live independent, active lives. However, little is known about the relation between brain health, energy, and fatigue in older adults. From a neurobiological standpoint, energy and fatigue appear to rely on distinct, albeit overlapping brain networks, but most evidence is from patients with neurodegenerative conditions. These relations have not been fully examined in community older adults. In this symposium, we first present an overview of the neurobiology underlying fatigability and energy states. We will then present original unpublished data on brain health, fatigability, and energy from four well-established epidemiological studies of aging: Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS), Long Life Family Study (LLFS), Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and the Health Aging Body Composition Study (Health ABC). Specifically, Ms. Allen will explore whether personality traits are related to perceived mental fatigability in MrOS. Using LLFS data, Ms. Gmelin will examine whether perceived physical fatigability is associated with global cognition, verbal fluency, memory and psychomotor speed. Dr. Schrack will share BLSA data showing cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between lower walking efficiency and reduced brain volumes. Dr. Tian will evaluate the neuroimaging signature of perceived energy levels in Health ABC. Taken together, our data indicate that higher energy and lower fatigability likely reflect overlapping but distinct aspects of brain health. The long-term effects of promoting energy and lowering fatigability on dementia should be further studied.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms with chronic diseases among older adults in China: the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjie Wang ◽  
Hanmo Yang ◽  
Zhanyuan Guo ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Shen Geng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey

Abstract Background: The aim of the current study is to assess the cross-sectional association of chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and cerebrovascular) with depressive symptoms among older adults in China. Methods: Data was obtained from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) conducted in 2014. A total of 7505 participants were included. Depressive symptoms status was assessed by 9-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Associations between depressive symptoms and chronic diseases, adjusting for so, demographics and chronic diseases risk factors were assessed by using logistic regression model. Results: We found negative associations between depressive symptoms and several socioeconomic factors, including education attainment and economic level. Widowed/divorced/ unmarried individuals are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms. Hypertension (Odds ratio:1.29 [95%CI:1.16, 1.42]), diabetes (1.41 [95%CI:1.19,1.67]), arthritis (1.72 [1.52, 1.96]), and cerebrovascular disease (1.69 [1.41, 2.02]) were found to be associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Most depressive symptoms cases were found to be significantly associated with chronic diseases. Our findings have provided evidence for understanding co-morbid depressive symptoms with chronic diseases, which could help clinicians to evaluate, diagnose and manage depression promptly.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms with chronic diseases among older adults in China: the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjie Wang ◽  
Hanmo Yang ◽  
Zhanyuan Guo ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Shen Geng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey

Abstract Background: The aim of the current study is to assess the cross-sectional association of chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and cerebrovascular) with depressive symptoms among older adults in China. Methods: Data was obtained from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) conducted in 2014. A total of 7505 participants were included. Depressive symptoms status was assessed by 9-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Associations between depressive symptoms and chronic diseases, adjusting for so, demographics and chronic diseases risk factors were assessed by using logistic regression model. Results: We found negative associations between depressive symptoms and several socioeconomic factors, including education attainment and economic level. Widowed/divorced/ unmarried individuals are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms. Hypertension (Odds ratio:1.29 [95%CI:1.16, 1.42]), diabetes (1.41 [95%CI:1.19,1.67]), arthritis (1.72 [1.52, 1.96]), and cerebrovascular disease (1.69 [1.41, 2.02]) were found to be associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Most depressive symptoms cases were found to be significantly associated with chronic diseases. Our findings have provided evidence for understanding co-morbid depressive symptoms with chronic diseases, which could help clinicians to evaluate, diagnose and manage depression promptly.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations of Physical Touch with Loneliness among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1046-1047
Author(s):  
Taylor Brown ◽  
Reese Giddens ◽  
Stephanie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Touch

Abstract Older adults in the US face heightened risks for social disconnection, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this crisis. Physical touch is a key dimension of social connection that uniquely predicts physical and mental health benefits. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs, and no prior work has examined the long-term effects of physical touch on loneliness. To investigate the prospective association between physical touch and loneliness among older adults, this study utilized data from 1626 older adults (Mean age = 68, range = 57-85) who participated in Waves 1 and 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Participants reported on their loneliness and physical contact with family and friends, as well as with pets, at both waves. Results revealed that more frequent physical contact with family and friends predicted larger decreases in loneliness over the subsequent five years (p<.0001), controlling for age, race, gender, health conditions, marital status, frequency of social interaction, and baseline levels of loneliness. Physical contact with pets had no unique effect (p=.136). To further assess directionality, models tested whether lonelier people experienced decreased touch over time, and the effects were null (p>.250). Taken together, this longitudinal study is the first to identify the unique contribution of human physical touch to prospective changes in loneliness, beyond the well-established effects of covariates, including social interaction frequency. Touch represents a compelling mechanism by which social isolation may lead to loneliness, which in turn raises risks for poor health and premature mortality.

Validity of a Self-Reported Neglect Scale Among Older Adults in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. e117-e126
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zawisza ◽  
Aleksander Galas ◽  
Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk ◽  
Tomasz Grodzicki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Patients

Abstract Background and Objectives The purpose of the study was to create and validate a tool that could be implemented easily to recognize the presence and assess the level of neglect in community-dwelling older adults, and to provide information about the prevalence of the phenomenon in different subgroups of older adults in Poland. Research Design and Methods The cross-sectional study of elder neglect and self-neglect was conducted in Lesser Poland in 2017. It included 2,443 face-to-face interviews with randomly selected community-dwelling individuals from among the general population (1,635), social service users (280), and hospital patients (528). Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were used to build the scale, and its content and construct validity and reliability were assessed. Results The Self-Reported Neglect Scale (SRNS) with a 2-factor structure (basic needs and psychological needs dimensions) was created. Results of the IRT analysis showed high item discrimination (2.7–4.8 for the first factor, 0.8–3.2 for the second). The 1-year prevalence of neglect as a percentage of nonzero values of the SRNS was estimated at 11.4%. Discussion and Implications The SRNS exhibited good psychometric properties. It may have promise as a tool for the assessment of neglect in epidemiological studies as well in the everyday practice of medical professionals and social workers.

scholarly journals COGNITION OLDER ADULTS WITH PREDIABETES EXPERIENCE ACCELERATED NEUROCOGNITIVE DECLINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S654-S655
Author(s):  
Joyla Furlano ◽  
Lindsay Nagamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

Abstract Type II diabetes (T2D) is associated with neurocognitive decline beyond normative aging, and thus older adults with T2D are at high risk for developing dementia. However, the extent to which similar deficits occur in prediabetic older adults is not well understood. While few studies have shown that prediabetic older adults experience some cognitive decline, further research is needed to determine the specific cognitive domains affected and the degree to which this decline occurs. Moreover, structural and functional brain changes that may occur with these deficits is currently unknown in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess cognitive function and brain health in prediabetic older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of older adults (aged 60-80) with prediabetes (FPG 6.1-7.0 mmol/L) and healthy aged-matched controls, examining 1) cognitive performance, 2) functional brain activation as measured by fMRI, and 3) structural measures such as volume of the hippocampus. Based on our cross-sectional analysis, prediabetic older adults show impaired cognition (e.g., memory), as well as decreased hippocampal volume and activation. Therefore, we conclude that older adults with prediabetes experience brain decline, and could benefit from lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay the onset of such decline.

Mild parkinsonian signs, energy decline, and striatal volume in community-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qu Tian ◽  
Rebecca Ehrenkranz ◽  
Andrea L Rosso ◽  
Nancy W Glynn ◽  
Lana M Chahine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Mild Parkinsonian Signs (MPS), highly prevalent in older adults, predict disability. It is unknown whether energy decline, a predictor of mobility disability, is also associated with MPS. We hypothesized that those with MPS had greater decline in self-reported energy levels (SEL) than those without MPS, and that SEL decline and MPS share neural substrates. Methods Using data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, we analyzed 293 Parkinson’s Disease-free participants (83±3 years old, 39% Black, 58% women) with neuroimaging data, MPS evaluation by Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale in 2006-2008, and ≥ 3 measures of SEL since 1999-2000. Individual SEL slopes were computed via linear mixed models. Associations of SEL slopes with MPS were tested using logistic regression models. Association of SEL slope with volume of striatum, sensorimotor, and cognitive regions were examined using linear regression models adjusted for normalized total gray matter volume. Models were adjusted for baseline SEL, mobility, demographics, and comorbidities. Results Compared to those without MPS (n=165), those with MPS (n=128) had 37% greater SEL decline in the prior eight years (p=0.001). Greater SEL decline was associated with smaller right striatal volume (adjusted standardized β=0.126, p=0.029). SEL decline was not associated with volumes in other regions. The association of SEL decline with MPS remained similar after adjustment for right striatal volume (adjusted OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.16 - 3.54). Conclusion SEL decline may be faster in those with MPS. Striatal atrophy may be important for declining energy but does not explain the association with MPS.

scholarly journals Dopaminergic Signaling: Driver of Mobility Resilience and Moderator of Response to Pharmacotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 756-756
Author(s):  
Caterina Rosano ◽  
Andrea Rosso ◽  
Nicolaas Bohnen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Although effective mobility is the end result of the functional capacity of multiple systems, some adults appear resilient and maintain higher mobility later in life. Epidemiological studies suggest up to 20% of adults aged 65 and older maintain fast walking speed in the presence of multi-system impairments. What could be the reason for such mobility resilience? In this symposium, we focus on the brain dopaminergic signaling as a potential driver of mobility resilience. We examine the genetic val158met polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme regulating dopaminergic signaling in the brain. The Met allele results in higher tonic dopamine levels; the Val allele results in lower tonic dopamine levels. The influence of COMT polymorphism on mobility is known for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and neurodegenerative conditions, but it not clear for asymptomatic adults aged 65 living in the community. We present data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, the Health Aging Body Composition Study, and several neuropharmachological studies with extensive information on PD ascertainment, medications, and health characteristics. We test the hypothesis that the Met allele of the COMT gene is associated with a) lower fall risk (Rosso), b) slower decline in gait reserve (Sprague), c) less gait slowing due to frailty (Mannon), d) more favorable response to pharmacotherapy in older adults without PD (Bohnen). Our results suggest a unique modulatory capacity of dopaminergic-related genes that may favor mobility resilience and predict better response to therapy. Our data provide clues for novel targeted interventions to delay physical disability in older adults.

scholarly journals Tools for advancing research into social networks and cognitive function in older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko H. Dodge ◽  
Oscar Ybarra ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Wide Range

People are good for your brain. Decades of research have shown that individuals who have a larger number of people in their social network or higher quality ties with individuals within their network have lower rates of morbidity and mortality across a wide range of health outcomes. Among these outcomes, cognitive function, especially in the context of brain aging, has been one area of particular interest with regard to social engagement, or more broadly, socially integrated lifestyles. Many studies have observed an association between the size of a person's social network or levels of social engagement and the risk for cognitive decline or dementia (e.g. see review by Fratiglioni et al., 2004). The dementia risk reduction associated with a larger social network or social engagement shown by some epidemiological studies is fairly large. The population effect size of increasing social engagement on delaying dementia disease progression could exceed that of current FDA approved medications for Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Lack of association between proton pump inhibitor use and brain aging: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayeon Ahn ◽  
Stefan Frenzel ◽  
Katharina Wittfeld ◽  
Robin Bülow ◽  
Henry Völzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain Age

Abstract Purpose Due to conflicting scientific evidence for an increased risk of dementia by intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), this study investigates associations between PPI use and brain volumes, estimated brain age, and cognitive function in the general population. Methods Two surveys of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) conducted in Northeast Germany were used. In total, 2653 participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were included in the primary analysis. They were divided into two groups according to their PPI intake and compared with regard to their brain volumes (gray matter, white matter, total brain, and hippocampus) and estimated brain age. Multiple regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Verbal Learning and Memory Test (VLMT) and the Nuremberg Age Inventory (NAI) and put in relation to PPI use. Results No association was found between PPI use and brain volumes or the estimated brain age. The VLMT score was 1.11 lower (95% confidence interval: − 2.06 to − 0.16) in immediate recall, and 0.72 lower (95% CI: − 1.22 to − 0.22) in delayed recall in PPI users than in non-users. PPI use was unrelated to the NAI score. Conclusions The present study does not support a relationship between PPI use and brain aging.

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