scholarly journals Greater Adolescent Cognitive Ability Linked to Lower Risk of Earlier Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 520-520
Author(s):  
Tara Gruenewald ◽  
Molli Grossman ◽  
Catalina Zavala ◽  
Thalida Arpawong ◽  
Gwen Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Sibling Control ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract There have been few investigations of the role that adolescent cognitive ability might play in predicting physical resilience across the life course, including decreased risk of early mortality. Our limited knowledge of how multiple cognitive ability domains shape trajectories of longevity is due, in part, to a lack of aging cohorts with early life cognitive assessments, and family data that allow for examination of shared family and genetic characteristics that may play a role in cognitive ability-health links. We capitalized on data from the 1960 Project Talent high school cohort (n>360,000, born 1942-1946) and mortality data (n=22,584; 5,497 deceased) collected as part of two recent follow-ups, the Project Talent Twin & Sibling Study and the Project Talent Aging Study, to examine these potential associations. In 1960, ability was assessed in multiple cognitive domains (e.g., general aptitude, quantitative, reasoning). Mortality status was ascertained through 2016. Binary logistic generalized estimating equations with race, age, sex, and adolescent family SES covariates, indicated that each 1 standard deviation higher ability in multiple cognitive domains in adolescence predicted lower odds of earlier mortality (ORs of 0.79 - 0.87). Co-sibling control models indicated a similar pattern, suggesting that benefits associated with higher cognitive performance do not simply reflect shared environmental and genetic background, but may represent a direct protective effect. These findings indicate that better performance in multiple cognitive domains in adolescence, above and beyond the influence of genetic and family environmental factors, may be or point to modifiable protective factors against risk of early mortality.

scholarly journals Literacy and Cognitive Function in the Context of Marriage: A Study of Older Mexican Couples

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 859-859
Author(s):  
Joseph Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Important Form

Abstract Many studies have reported that literacy is associated with favorable cognitive outcomes in late-life. Few have evaluated whether the cognitive benefits of literacy extend to a spouse’s cognitive ability. Among married husband-wife dyads from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study (n=4,078 dyads), literacy was assessed as self-reported ability to read and write. General cognitive ability was assessed using performance across several cognitive domains. Approximately 11% and 15% of husbands and wives, respectively, could not read or write. For both husbands and wives, both own literacy, and having a spouse who could read and write were independently associated with better cognitive ability even after accounting for both partners’ education. Literacy may represent an important form of capital that may be beneficial to preserve cognitive function among older adults. Benefits of spousal literacy may operate by facilitating access to resources such as information and cognitive stimulation.

scholarly journals Greater Adolescent Cognitive Ability Is Linked to Lower Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 481-482
Author(s):  
Tara Gruenewald ◽  
Catalina Zavala ◽  
Molli Grossman ◽  
Thalida Arpawong ◽  
Jennifer Manly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Sibling Models

Abstract There have been few investigations of the role that adolescent cognitive ability plays in predicting later-life cognitive impairment, and the mechanisms, such greater life course educational exposure, that might underlie these connections. This knowledge gap is due, in part, to a lack of cohorts with early-life cognitive assessment who are followed to later adulthood. We capitalized on data from the 1960 Project Talent (PT) high school cohort (n>360,000) and two recent follow-ups, the Project Talent Twin & Sibling (PTTS; n=2,491 in 2014) Study and the Project Talent Aging Study (PTAS; n=6,421 in 2018), to examine these potential links. In 1960, ability was assessed in multiple cognitive domains (e.g., general aptitude, quantitative, reasoning). Participants/proxies reporting 2 or more symptoms of cognitive impairment in 2018 on the AD8 Dementia Screener were classified as having a positive screen. Binary logistic generalized estimating equations with race, sex, and adolescent family SES covariates, indicated that in multiple cognitive domains, higher ability in adolescence predicted lower odds of a positive AD8 screen in later life (ORs of 0.80 - 0.85). The effects were only slightly attenuated with inclusion of life course educational attainment. Sibling models found a similar pattern of associations and effect sizes, indicating that the association is not attributable to shared family and genetic background. These findings indicate that higher cognitive ability as indicated by better performance in multiple cognitive domains in adolescence may be protective against cognitive impairment five decades later and life course educational attainment only partially mediates this association.

scholarly journals Cognitive Assessments in Hydration Research Involving Children: Methods and Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Westfall ◽  
Nicole E. Logan ◽  
Naiman A. Khan ◽  
Charles H. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of optimal and insufficient hydration on human health have received increasing investigation in recent years. Specifically, water is an essential nutrient for human health, and the importance of hydration on cognition has continued to attract research interest over the last decade. Despite this focus, children remain a relatively understudied population relative to the effects of hydration on cognition. Of those studies investigating children, findings have been inconsistent, resulting from utilizing a wide variety of cognitive domains and cognitive assessments, as well as varied hydration protocols. Here, our aim is to create a primer for assessing cognition during hydration research in children. Specifically, we review the definition of cognition and the domains of which it is composed, how cognition has been measured in both field- and laboratory-based assessments, results from neuroimaging methods, and the relationship between hydration and academic achievement in children. Lastly, future research considerations are discussed.

scholarly journals Association of Crossword Puzzle Participation with Memory Decline in Persons Who Develop Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagan A. Pillai ◽  
Charles B. Hall ◽  
Dennis W. Dickson ◽  
Herman Buschke ◽  
Richard B. Lipton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Crossword Puzzle ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
Crossword Puzzles

AbstractParticipation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities such as crossword puzzles may delay onset of the memory decline in the preclinical stages of dementia, possibly via its effect on improving cognitive reserve. We followed 488 initially cognitively intact community residing individuals with clinical and cognitive assessments every 12–18 months in the Bronx Aging Study. We assessed the influence of crossword puzzle participation on the onset of accelerated memory decline as measured by the Buschke Selective Reminding Test in 101 individuals who developed incident dementia using a change point model. Crossword puzzle participation at baseline delayed onset of accelerated memory decline by 2.54 years. Inclusion of education or participation in other cognitively stimulating activities did not significantly add to the fit of the model beyond the effect of puzzles. Our findings show that late life crossword puzzle participation, independent of education, was associated with delayed onset of memory decline in persons who developed dementia. Given the wide availability and accessibility of crossword puzzles, their role in preventing cognitive decline should be validated in future clinical trials. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1006–1013)

scholarly journals Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Luciana Baroni ◽  
Anna Rita Sarni ◽  
Cristina Zuliani
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Plant Antioxidants ◽  
The Impact

Oxidative stress can compromise central nervous system integrity, thereby affecting cognitive ability. Consumption of plant foods rich in antioxidants could thereby protect cognition. We systematically reviewed the literature exploring the effects of antioxidant-rich plant foods on cognition. Thirty-one studies were included: 21 intervention, 4 cross-sectional (one with a cohort in prospective observation as well), and 6 prospective studies. Subjects belonged to various age classes (young, adult, and elderly). Some subjects examined were healthy, some had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and some others were demented. Despite the different plant foods and the cognitive assessments used, the results can be summarized as follows: 7 studies reported a significant improvement in all cognitive domains examined; 19 found significant improvements only in some cognitive areas, or only for some food subsets; and 5 showed no significant improvement or no effectiveness. The impact of dietary plant antioxidants on cognition appears promising: most of the examined studies showed associations with significant beneficial effects on cognitive functions—in some cases global or only in some specific domains. There was typically an acute, preventive, or therapeutic effect in young, adult, and elderly people, whether they were healthy, demented, or affected by MCI. Their effects, however, are not attributable only to anti-oxidation.

scholarly journals Serum IGF1, metabolic syndrome, and incident cardiovascular disease in older people: a population-based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa C van Bunderen ◽  
Mirjam M Oosterwerff ◽  
Natasja M van Schoor ◽  
Dorly J H Deeg ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Older People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveHigh as well as low levels of IGF1 have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The relationship of IGF1 with (components of) the metabolic syndrome could help to clarify this controversy. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the association of IGF1 concentration with prevalent (components of) the metabolic syndrome; and ii) to examine the role of (components of) the metabolic syndrome in the relationship between IGF1 and incident CVD during 11 years of follow-up.MethodsData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a cohort study in a representative sample of the Dutch older population (≥65 years). Data were available in 1258 subjects. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the definition of the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. CVD were ascertained by self-reports and mortality data.ResultsLevels of IGF1 in the fourth quintile were associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest quintile (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.33). The middle up to the highest quintile of IGF1 was positively associated with high triglycerides in women. Metabolic syndrome was not a mediator in the U-shaped relationship of IGF1 with CVD. Both subjects without the metabolic syndrome and low IGF1 levels (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.71) and subjects with the metabolic syndrome and high IGF1 levels (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.21–4.28) demonstrated increased risks of CVD.ConclusionsIn older people, high-normal IGF1 levels are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and high triglycerides. Furthermore, this study suggests the presence of different pathomechanisms for both low and high IGF1 levels and incident CVD.

scholarly journals Acute Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate Improves Cognitive Outcomes in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4272
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Gills ◽  
Anthony Campitelli ◽  
Megan Jones ◽  
Sally Paulson ◽  
Jennifer Rae Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Status

Inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) is an ergogenic aid that upregulates nitric oxide. Acute ASI supplementation improves working memory and processing speed in young adults but there is a lack of data examining other cognitive tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine acute ASI effects on young healthy adults by assessing multiple cognitive domains. Nineteen young adults (20.9 ± 3.2 years) completed this randomized, double-blind, crossover study consuming ASI (1.5 g ASI + 12 g dextrose) and placebo (12 g dextrose). The participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and two digital cognitive assessments before consuming the supplement and then completed the same battery of tests 60 min post-supplementation. Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that ASI consumption significantly improved total RBANS and immediate memory scores compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were displayed between trials for other cognitive domains (p > 0.05). Acute ASI ingestion increased overall RBANS scores and immediate memory scores in young adults. More research is needed to examine the acute effects of ASI on other domains of cognition, in older populations, and its long-term effects on cognition.

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

scholarly journals Developmental cascades of internalising symptoms, externalising problems and cognitive ability from early childhood to middle adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Flouri ◽  
Efstathios Papachristou ◽  
Emily Midouhas ◽  
George B. Ploubidis ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Externalising Problems ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Bidirectional Associations ◽  
Internalising Problems

AbstractBackground:Cognitive ability and problem behaviour (externalising and internalising problems) are variable and inter-related in children. However, it is not known if they mutually influence one another, if difficulties in one cause difficulties in the other, or if they are related only because they share causes.Methods:Random-intercept cross-lagged models adjusted for confounding were fitted to explore this in 17,318 (51% male) children of the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study at ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. Externalising and internalising problems were assessed using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Cognitive ability was measured using standardised scores of age-appropriate validated cognitive ability assessments. Where multiple cognitive assessments were available a single score was derived using principal components analysis.Results:There was much evidence for cross-domain longitudinal effects in childhood, especially for cognitive ability (on both internalising and externalising problems and in both males and females) and externalising problems (on internalising problems in both genders and cognitive ability in males). Bidirectional effects were childhood-limited, gender-specific and less consistent. The consistent bidirectional associations were, in males, between externalising problems and cognitive ability, and, in females, between externalising and internalising problems (although the effects of internalising problems were weak). In adolescence, only externalising problems had cross-domain effects such that, in both genders, they were associated with lower cognitive ability in subsequent measurements and increased levels of internalising problems.Conclusions:In either childhood or adolescence, reducing behavioural problems could have both emotional and cognitive benefits. In childhood, improving cognitive skills could reduce both emotional and behavioural problems.

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