scholarly journals Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Loneliness and Social Isolation Among Affordable Housing Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1011-1011
Author(s):  
Marilyn Mock ◽  
Roisin Goebelbecker ◽  
Sherry Pomerantz ◽  
Jennifer DeGennaro ◽  
Elyse Perweiler
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Loneliness and social isolation are serious public health concerns associated with higher risks of clinical depression, suicidal ideation, coronary artery disease, stroke, functional decline, an increased risk of developing dementia and cancer mortality. Recent reports indicate the prevalence and dangers of loneliness and social isolation have increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among older populations. In order to address these concerns among residents living at Northgate II (NGII), a 302-unit affordable housing development in Camden, NJ, Fair Share Support Services, Inc. (FSSS), the non-profit arm of Fair Share Housing Development, collaborated with the New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging (NJISA) and the DHHS-funded Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (GWEP) to develop a loneliness/social isolation survey using two evidenced-based tools, the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Steptoe Social Isolation Index. FSSS piloted the loneliness and social isolation survey with 192 low-income minority older adults residing at NGII. Results indicate that 49% of the NGII residents surveyed fall into 5 "at-risk" categories: 1) lonely and isolated (9%), 2) lonely/somewhat isolated (8%), 3 ) lonely/not isolated (9%), 4) isolated/somewhat lonely (9%), and 5) isolated/not lonely (14%). FSSS, will utilize survey results and follow-up interviews to tailor social service/other interventions to meet the needs and preferences of residents with the goal of preventing serious health problems associated with loneliness and social isolation, allowing residents to age in place.

scholarly journals Focus on Function in Hospitalized Persons With Dementia: The Impact of Hospital-Acquired Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
Marie Boltz ◽  
Lorraine Mion
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Persons with dementia (PWD) are two-three times more likely to be hospitalized as persons without dementia and comprise one fourth of hospitalized older adults. Hospitalization often has a dramatic impact upon the health and disposition of the older PWD. They are at increased risk for hospital acquired complications (HAC) such as functional decline, behavioral symptoms of distress, and delirium, all of which contribute to increased disability, mortality, and long-term nursing home stays. Despite the unprecedented number of PWD admitted to acute care, little attention has focused on their specialized needs and HAC, and how they impact functional recovery. The purpose of this symposium is to describe the incidence of common HACs, and factors that influence their occurrence and presentation in PWD. Utilizing baseline findings from the Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC) trial, the presentations will address this objective and discuss the ramifications for functional and cognitive post-acute recovery in PWD. The first presentation will describe the incidence and pharmacologic management of pain in PWD, and its association with common HACs. The second presentation will describe physical activity in PWD on medical units and the validity of the Motionwatch8 actigraphy. The third session will describe differences in common HACs between white and black PWD. The final presentation will examine function-focused goals developed in collaboration with family caregivers and patients, and the functional outcomes associated with goal attainment. Our discussant, Dr. Lorraine Mion, will synthesize the research findings and lead a discussion of future directions for policy and practice in dementia-capable acute care.

Impact of Medicaid expansion on two-year mortality among stage IV breast cancer (BC) patients according to race.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6525-6525
Author(s):  
Catalina Malinowski ◽  
Xiudong Lei ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Sharon H. Giordano ◽  
Mariana Chavez Mac Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Stage Iv Breast Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expansion Period ◽  
White Patients

6525 Background: Inadequate access to healthcare services is associated with worse outcomes. Disparities in access to cancer care are more frequently seen among racial/ethnic minorities, uninsured patients, and those with low socioeconomic status. A provision in the Affordable Care Act called for expansion of Medicaid eligibility in order to cover more low-income Americans. In this study, we evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansion in 2-year mortality among metastatic BC patients according to race. Methods: Women (aged 40-64) diagnosed with metastatic BC (stage IV de novo) between 01/01/2010 and 12/31/2015 and residing in states that underwent Medicaid expansion in 01/2014 were identified in the National Cancer Database. For comparison purposes, 2010-2013 was considered the pre-expansion period and 2014-2015 the post-expansion period. We calculated 2-year mortality difference-in-difference (DID) estimates between White and non-White patients using multivariable linear regression models. Results are presented as adjusted differences (in % points) between groups in the pre- and post-expansion periods and as adjusted DID with 95%CI. Covariates included age, comorbidity, BC subtype, insurance type, transfer of care, distance to hospital, region, residence area, education, income quartile, facility type and facility volume. In addition, overall survival (OS) was evaluated in pre- and post-expansion periods via Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models; results are presented as 2-year OS estimates, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% CIs. Results: Among 7,675 patients included, 4,942 were diagnosed in the pre- and 2,733 in the post-expansion period. We observed a reduction in 2-year mortality rates in both groups according to Medicaid expansion. Among Whites 2-year mortality decreased from 42.5% to 38.7% and among non-Whites from 45.4% to 36.4%, resulting in an adjusted DID of -5.2% (95%CI -9.8 to -0.6, p = 0.027). A greater reduction in 2-year mortality was observed among non-Whites in a sub-analysis of patients who resided in the poorest quartile (n = 1372), with an adjusted DID of -14.6% (95%CI -24.8 to -4.4, p = 0.005). In the multivariable Cox model, during the pre-expansion period there was an increased risk of death for non-Whites compared to Whites (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26, P = 0.04), however no differences were seen in the post-expansion period between the two groups (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.07, P = 0.31). Conclusions: Medicaid expansion reduced racial disparities by decreasing the 2-year mortality of non-White patients with metastatic breast cancer and reducing the gap when compared to Whites. These results highlight the positive impact of policies aimed at improving equity and increasing access to health care.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

scholarly journals Riding the Crest of the Teachable Moment: Promoting Long-Term Health After the Diagnosis of Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
pp. 5814-5830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Noreen M. Aziz ◽  
Julia H. Rowland ◽  
Bernardine M. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Prostate Cancer Survivors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Cancer survivors are at increased risk for several comorbid conditions, and many seek lifestyle change to reduce dysfunction and improve long-term health. To better understand the impact of cancer on adult survivors' health and health behaviors, a review was conducted to determine (1) prevalent physical health conditions, (2) persistent lifestyle changes, and (3) outcomes of previous lifestyle interventions aimed at improving health within this population. Methods Relevant studies from 1966 and beyond were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Results Cancer survivors are at increased risk for progressive disease but also for second primaries, osteoporosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and functional decline. To improve overall health, survivors frequently initiate diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes after diagnosis. However, those who are male, older, and less educated are less likely to adopt these changes. There also is selective uptake of messages, as evidenced by findings that only 25% to 42% of survivors consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, and approximately 70% of breast and prostate cancer survivors are overweight or obese. Several behavioral interventions show promise for improving survivors' health-related outcomes. Oncologists can play a pivotal role in health promotion, yet only 20% provide such guidance. Conclusion With 64% of cancer patients surviving > 5 years beyond diagnosis, oncologists are challenged to expand their focus from acute care to managing the long-term health consequences of cancer. Although more research is needed, opportunities exist for oncologists to promote lifestyle changes that may improve the length and quality of life of their patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Sexual Function: Are Pregnant Women Affected More Adversely?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 765-774
Author(s):  
Ramazan Denizli ◽  
Önder Sakin ◽  
Kazibe Koyuncu ◽  
Nayif Çiçekli ◽  
Nihat Farisoğulları ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To investigate depression and sexual function among pregnant and non-pregnant women throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A total of 188 women, 96 pregnant and 92 non-pregnant were included. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) were applied to the participants after obtaining sociodemographic data. Results The depression scores of pregnant and non-pregnant women were similar (p = 0.846). We found that the depression scores were significantly higher among the group of participants who have lower economic status (p = 0.046). Moreover, the depression score was significantly higher among women who lost their income during the pandemic (p = 0.027). The score on the ASEX was significantly higher, and sexual dysfunction was more prevalent among women who have lower levels of schooling and income (p < 0.05). Likewise, the ASEX scores were significantly higher (p = 0.019) among the group who experienced greater income loss throughout the pandemic. Upon comparing the pregnant and non-pregnant groups, we detected that sexual dysfunction had a significantly higher rate among pregnant women (p < 0.001). Conclusion In times of global crisis, such as the current pandemic, low-income families have an increased risk of experiencing depression and sexual dysfunction. When we compared pregnant women with non-pregnant women, depression scores were similar, but pregnant women were at a 6.2 times higher risk of developing sexual dysfunction.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Mental Health Outcomes among Low Income, Minority Cohorts during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Kodukula ◽  
Amy Han
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

Objective:   To examine the impact of the COVID-19 shutdowns on food insecurity and mental health outcomes among low income, minority communities in Northwest Indiana.    Methods:   Surveys were distributed to 160 households during the Northwest Indiana food bank distribution hours to assess food security mental health status. The survey assessed participant food security through questions adapted from the USDA food security survey module. Participant anxiety, depression, and stress scores were aggregated from questions adapted from the PHQ-4. A multiple logit regression model was utilized to estimate the risk associated with food security status and the surveyed variables. Anecdotal evidence was also collected to understand pandemic specific factors impacting participant food security.     Results:   Food insecurity was linked to significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression and stress. Those who identify to be food insecure have an 811 % increased risk of anxiety, 411% increased risk of depression, and 535% increased risk of stress compared to those who are food secure. In addition, a significant correlation exists between median household income and poor mental health. Anecdotal evidence identifies poor job security, food distributions, and support networks as exacerbating factors towards participant’s declining mental health.     Conclusions:   Our findings highlights the exacerbated impact the pandemic has had on the food security and mental health of vulnerable populations. In the light of these results and anecdotal feedback, public health measures must focus on getting increased funding towards local food banks to increase the frequency of mobile distribution markets coupled with direct subsidies to allow for food purchases, especially for those households with children. Given its impact on mental health, food insecurity status should regularly be screened by physicians access to the right resources must be provided for those screening as high risk.   

scholarly journals KAJIAN LOKASI POTENSIAL PENGEMBANGAN PERUMAHAN TERJANGKAU DI KOTA SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Hajar Annisa Abdurahman ◽  
Iwan Rudiarto
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Spatial Analysis Method

Human settlements supply has always been a problem in urban areas, particularly for the low-earners. There are few aspects to do in house procurement, such as location that will determine the cost of housing. Hence, this research aims to determine potential location to be developed as affordable housing for low-income people in Semarang. This research applied spatial analysis method based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The analysis results that only around 5,85% of allocated human settlement area in Semarang City is potential to be developed as affordable housing. In this study, the result show that in terms of location for affordable housing development, accessibility factor can determine the location with considering the particular planning standards.

scholarly journals Stress and Adjustment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study on the Lived Experience of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Jasmine Fiocco ◽  
Charlie Gryspeerdt ◽  
Giselle Franco
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures were put into place to flatten the pandemic curve. It was projected older adults were at increased risk for poor psychological and health outcomes resulting from increased social isolation and loneliness. However, little re-search has supported this projection among community-dwelling older adults. While growing body of research has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults, there is a paucity of qualitative research that captures the lived experience of community-dwelling older adults. The current study aimed to better understand the lived experience of community-dwelling older adults during the first six months of the pandemic. Semi-structured one on one interviews were conducting with independent living older adults aged 65 years and older. After achieving saturation, 22 interview were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Following a recursive process, two overarching themes emerged from the data: perceived threat and challenges of the pandemic and coping with the pandemic. Specifically, participants reflected on the threat of contracting the virus and challenges associated with living arrangement, social isolation, and financial insecurity. Participants shared their coping strategies to maintain health and wellbeing, including behavioral strategies, emotion-focused strategies, and social support. Overall, this re-search highlights resilience among older adults during the first six months of the pandemic.

scholarly journals The impact of legislation on Covid-19 mortality in a Brazilian federative unit was mediated by social isolation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredi A Diaz-Quijano ◽  
Tatiane Bomfim Ribeiro ◽  
Alexia Viana da Rosa ◽  
Rossana Reis ◽  
Fernando Aith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to estimate the effect of restrictive laws on actual social isolation and COVID-19 mortality. Moreover, we evaluated how community adherence, measured with an index of social isolation, would mediate the lockdown effect on COVID-19 mortality. Methods: This ecological study assessed the legislations published until June 30, 2020, in the Brazilian state of Ceara. We performed a systematic review and classification of restrictive norms and estimated their immediate effect on social isolation, measured by an index based on mobile data, and the subsequent impact on COVID-19 mortality (three weeks later). A mediation analysis was performed to estimate the effect of rigid lockdown on mortality that was explained for effective social isolation. Results: The social isolation index showed an increase of 11.9% (95% CI: 2.9% - 21%) during the days in which a rigid isolation norm (lockdown) was implemented. Moreover, this rigid lockdown was associated with a reduction of 26% (95% CI: 21% - 31%) in the three-week-delayed mortality. We also calculated that the rigid lockdown had the indirect effect, i.e., mediated by adherence to social isolation, of reducing COVID-19 mortality by 38.24% (95% CI: 21.64% to 56.07%). Therefore, the preventive effect of this norm was fully explained by the actual population adherence, reflected in the social isolation index. On the other hand, mandatory mask use was associated with 11% reduction in COVID-19 mortality (95% CI: 8% - 13%). Conclusions: We estimated the effect of quarantine regulations on social isolation and evidenced that a rigid lockdown law led to a reduction of COVID-19 mortality in one state of Brazil. In addition, the mandatory masks norm was an additional determinant of the reduction of this outcome.

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