scholarly journals Descriptive Evidence of COVID-19’s Impact on Black LGBTQ Adults Amidst Ongoing Health Inequities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039
Author(s):  
Charleigh Flohr ◽  
Cassandra Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Community Marketing

Abstract Black LGBTQ people significant challenges and discrimination as they face the barriers of living at the intersection of multiply marginalized identities, which have worsened during the coronavirus pandemic. At a baseline, LGBTQ people exhibit elevated risk of being negatively impacted by the pandemic across health, economic and other social outcomes (Cahill et al., 2020; Heslin & Hall, 2021; Human Rights Campaign, 2020). Black LGBTQ people have also suffered significant economic losses (Human Rights Campaign Foundation, 2020) . Methods The Human Rights Campaign Foundation and AARP supported and partnered with Community Marketing & Insights to conduct a survey of 1,815 Black LGBTQ adults in the United States. The online survey was fielded between September 21 and October 30, 2020. Many Black LGBTQ adult participants report healthcare discrimination in the last three years, with 19% reporting racial discrimination and 11% reporting sexual orientation-based discrimination. Furthermore, 31% of Black transgender adults report healthcare discrimination in the last three years. Preventing or treating COVID-19 is an important health concern to 67% of Black LGBTQ adults aged fifty-five and older, 63% of Black LGBTQ adults aged thirty-five to fifty-four and 53% aged eighteen to thirty-four. Overall, Black LGBTQ adults report being significantly impacted by the pandemic, including negative impacts on their social health (60%), mental health (44%), the physical health of their close friends and family (33%), their finances (30%), and their employment status (22%). Overall, one-quarter (25%) of Black LGBTQ adults had at least one close friend or family member die from coronavirus illness.

scholarly journals Indiana Secondary School Athletic Directors Perceptions of Athletic Training Services and Influences on Hiring Athletic Trainers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Greffly ◽  
Matthew Rivera ◽  
Lindsey Eberman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Training Services

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine ADs perceptions on satisfaction of current care provided, factors influencing the hiring of ATs, and the roles and responsibilities of ATs. Methods: We used a mixed methods design with an online survey (Qualtrics®, Provo, UT), which we distributed to Indiana secondary school ADs (n = 410) with publicly available emails. The survey remained open for 5 weeks with reminder emails sent weekly. We used a panel (n=2) with experience in survey research and/or the secondary school setting. The survey included both quantitative (7 items) and qualitative (8 items) data. Participants were asked to share their perceptions on the roles/responsibilities of ATs as well as experiences with the challenges, barriers, and benefits of hiring ATs in open-ended questions. We used Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVAs to compare employment status, type of employer, and school size on satisfaction. We coded the open-ended responses using inductive coding with multi-analyst triangulation and auditing to establish trustworthiness. Results: We identified significant differences relative to employment status of the AT on satisfaction with overall care, whereby those with full-time athletic training services were more satisfied with care than those with per-diem, part-time services (p=0.010). When participants were asked about factors influencing the decision to provide services ADs reported liability, cost, and workload as major considerations. Conclusions: Consistent with previous research, financial challenges continue to play a role in the hiring of ATs in the secondary school setting, participants also identified the benefits of ATs in promoting safety, reducing liability, as well as the increased workload and cost. Access to qualified athletic healthcare continues to be a public health concern in America and all stakeholders should reconsider how to offer both a comprehensive athletics program and the healthcare needed to ensure safety in that participation.

scholarly journals Life Cycle and Genetic Identification of Argas persicus Infesting Domestic Fowl in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Zahid ◽  
Sebastián Muñoz-Leal ◽  
Muhammad Qayash Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alouffi ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Argas Persicus

Ticks transmit numerous pathogens to animals including humans; therefore, they are parasites of health concern. Soft ticks infesting domestic fowl in Pakistan are carriers of viruses and bacteria and cause unestimated economic losses in the poultry sector. The current study was intended to identify soft ticks infesting domestic fowl and understand their spatiotemporal distribution along 1 year. A sum of 7,219 soft ticks were collected from 608 domestic fowl in 58 infested shelters; 938 (12.9%) ticks were found on the host and 6,281 (87%) in the shelters. The collected ticks comprised 3,503 (48.52%) adults including 1,547 (21.42%) males and 1,956 (27.09%) females, 3,238 (44.85%) nymphs, and 478 (6.62%) larvae. The most prevalent life stages were adults, followed by nymphs and larvae. Overall tick prevalence considering all visited shelters was 38.66% (58/150). The highest tick prevalence was found in district Lakki Marwat (50.03%) followed by Peshawar (31.08%) and Chitral (18.88%) districts. All ticks were morpho-taxonomically identified as Argas persicus. To determine their life cycle, adult A. persicus were reared in the laboratory infesting domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). The life cycle was completed in 113–132 days (egg to egg) with a mean temperature of 33 ± 3°C and relative humidity of 65 ± 5%. Individual ticks were used for DNA extraction and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the amplification of a partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes. Obtained amplicons were compared using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) to scan for homologous sequences. Phylogenetic trees showed A. persicus from Pakistan clustering with conspecific sequences reported from Australia, Chile, China, Kenya, and the United States. This is the first study aiming to reproduce the life cycle of A. persicus and genetically identify this tick in the region. Further studies are encouraged to investigate the pathogens associated with this soft tick species in Pakistan.

Human Rights versus National Interests: Shifting US Public Attitudes on the International Criminal Court

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelebogile Zvobgo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Us

Abstract The United States—an architect of international criminal tribunals in the twentieth century—has since moderated its involvement in international justice. Striking to many observers is the United States’ failure to join the International Criminal Court—the institutional successor to the tribunals the nation helped install in Germany, Japan, the Balkans, and Rwanda. Interestingly, the US public’s support of the ICC increases yearly despite the government’s ambivalence about, and even hostility toward, the Court. Drawing on the US foreign policy public opinion literature, I theorize that human rights frames increase support for joining the ICC among Americans, whereas national interest frames decrease support. I administer an online survey experiment to evaluate these expectations and find consistent support. I additionally test hypotheses from the framing literature in American politics regarding the effect of exposure to two competing frames. I find that participants exposed to competing frames hold more moderate positions than participants exposed to a single frame but differ appreciably from the control group. Crucially, I find that participants’ beliefs about international organizations’ effectiveness and impartiality are equally, if not more, salient than the treatments. Thus, the ICC may be able to mobilize support and pressure policy change by demonstrating effectiveness and impartiality.

Attitudes of women participating in a clinical trial on point-of-care testing and home testing for STIs

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358
Author(s):  
Karen Chow ◽  
Rina Edi ◽  
Geneen Gin ◽  
Sheldon R Morris
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Home Testing

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis infections are a public health concern and cost the United States’ healthcare system 16 billion dollars annually. By minimizing barriers to testing, an increased number of infections can be detected and treated. A home-based point-of-care (POC) sexually transmitted infection (STI) test may reduce personal, structural, social and system-level barriers to STI testing. This study assesses patient preferences and acceptance of home-based POC STI testing. We performed a cross-sectional, single-visit study of women aged 18 years and older at a single site. Women completed an anonymous online survey evaluating interest in POC STI testing, comfort in self-collecting vaginal swabs and participant reaction to a positive STI result. 138 participants completed the anonymous online survey. The survey results indicate high acceptability with self-collection of samples and home POC STI testing. A majority of participants were interested or very interested in a home POC STI device-especially amongst women with a past history of a STI. If receiving a positive test result, participants indicated they would want to have someone to discuss their results with, most preferring to speak with their primary care provider. Women on lower incomes were less comfortable and less interested with home testing. Women are likely to be receptive to home POC STI testing. Adapting to home-based testing will require engagement of primary care providers for management and surveillance of STIs.

113 Owner Dietary and Exercise Regimens Influence Perception of Ideal Body Weight in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Sydney Banton ◽  
Andrew Baynham ◽  
Julia Guazzelli Pezzali ◽  
Michael von Massow ◽  
Adronie Verbrugghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Ideal Body

Abstract The increasing prevalence of canine obesity across the globe has become the number one health concern for dogs. Part of the problem may be the way owner’s perceive their dog’s body weight. The goal of the current survey was to assess what variables, related to both owner and dog’s feeding and exercising practices, were predictive of the owner’s perception of their dog’s body weight across North America (Canada and the United States) and Europe (France, the United Kingdom and Germany). The online survey was distributed by Qualtrics (Qualtrics XM, Utah, USA) in June 2020. A total of 3,298 responses were collected and were equally distributed across country and sex of respondent. Multinomial logistic regression was performed in SPSS Statistics (Version 26, IBM Corp, North Castle, New York, USA). More than 85% of respondents reported that they believe their dog is an ideal body weight. Results from logistic regression suggest that owners of younger dogs (0–2 years) are 5 times more likely to believe their dog is an ideal body weight compared to older dogs (over 11 years; P < 0.0001). Respondents who selected that they perform vigorous exercise, themselves, less often than 4 days per week were less likely to believe that their dog is an ideal body weight compared to those who reported vigorously exercising for more than 5 days per week (P < 0.05). Finally those who reported feeding their dog a fixed amount of food were more likely to believe their dog is an ideal body weight (P = 0.044) while those who reported restricting their dogs food intake to control weight were less likely to believe their dog is an ideal body weight (P < 0.0001). Overall, both human and dog dietary and exercise routines were predictive of a dog owner’s perception of their dogs body weight.

scholarly journals Age Differences in Preferences for Fear-Enhancing Vs. Fear-Reducing News in a Disease Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Villalba ◽  
Jennifer Tehan Stanley ◽  
Jennifer R. Turner ◽  
Michael T. Vale ◽  
Michelle L. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
News Article ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Health Crisis

Older adults (OA) prefer positive over negative information in a lab setting, compared to young adults (YA; i.e., positivity effects). The extent to which OA avoid negative events or information relevant for their health and safety is not clear. We first investigated age differences in preferences for fear-enhancing vs. fear-reducing news articles during the Ebola Outbreak of 2014. We were able to collect data from 15 YA and 13 OA during this acute health event. Compared to YA, OA were more likely to read the fear-enhancing article, select hand-sanitizer over lip balm, and reported greater fear of Ebola. We further investigated our research question during the COVID-19 pandemic with 164 YA (18–30 years) and 171 OA (60–80 years). Participants responded to an online survey about the COVID-19 pandemic across 13 days during the initial peak of the pandemic in the United States (U.S.). Both YA and OA preferred to read positive over negative news about the coronavirus, but OA were even more likely than YA to prefer the positive news article. No age differences in the fear of contraction were found, but OA engaged in more health-protective behaviors compared to YA. Although OA may not always report greater fear than YA or seek out negative information related to a health concern, they still engage in protective health behaviors. Thus, although positivity effects were observed in attention and emotional reports (in the COVID-19 study), OA still modified their behaviors more than YA (giveaway in both studies, and health-protective behavior change in the COVID-19 study), suggesting that positivity effects did not hamper OA ability to respond to a health crisis.

scholarly journals Age Differences in Preferences for Fear-Enhancing Versus Fear-Reducing News in a Global Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 932-932
Author(s):  
Anthony Villalba ◽  
Jennifer Stanley ◽  
Jennifer Turner ◽  
Michael Vale
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
News Article ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Protective Behaviors

Abstract Older adults (OA) prefer positive over negative information in a lab setting, compared to young adults (i.e., positivity effects; YA). The extent to which OA avoid negative events or information relevant for their health and safety is not clear. We first investigated age differences in preferences for fear-enhancing versus fear-reducing news articles during the Ebola Outbreak of 2014. We built upon this pilot study to further investigate this research question during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 164 YA (18-30 years) and 171 OA (60-80 years) responded to an online survey about their preferences, feelings, and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic across 13-days during the initial peak of the pandemic in the United States. Both YA and OA preferred to read positive over negative news about the coronavirus, but OA were even more likely than YA to prefer the positive news article. No age differences in the fear of contraction were found, but OA engaged in more health-protective behaviors compared to YA. Additionally, media engagement was related to fear for both age groups, with social media engagement, specifically, emerging as a key moderating factor for protective behavior change. Although OA may not fear or seek out negative information related to a health concern; they still engage in more protective health behaviors compared to YA. In this study, positivity effects are shown to exist within a health-related event, but OA appeared to still attend to enough negative information about COVID-19 to avoid impairing their health protective behaviors.

scholarly journals The Experience of Teleworking with Dogs and Cats in the United States during COVID-19

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Christy L. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In Spring of 2020, the novel coronavirus (SAR-CoV-2) prompted an unprecedented number of individuals across the United States to begin working from home. Prior research has identified both positive and negative impacts of teleworking on employee well-being, and this study built on that research to explore perceptions regarding how companion animals factor into the teleworking experience. Individuals who had experience working from home and from their employer’s office completed an online survey about those experiences. Participants reported spending more quality time with their companion animals and family members when they worked from home. Furthermore, when working from home, individuals with dogs were more likely than those without dogs to report they socialized with other people, got a healthy amount of physical activity, and took at least one 15-min walk during the workday. Some participants, particularly those in households containing both dogs and cats, indicated that their pets created distractions during the workday. Future studies can build on this research by investigating whether the findings persist once the novel coronavirus is no longer a threat, and by paying close attention to the characteristics of pets, owners, and household dynamics that may influence the effects of pet ownership on the teleworking experience.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of Their Preparation and Confidence for Providing Dysphagia Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666-1682
Author(s):  
Lena G. Caesar ◽  
Merertu Kitila
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Preparation ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Graduate School Preparation ◽  
Graduate Preparation ◽  
Significant Relationships

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding their academic preparation and current confidence levels for providing dysphagia services, and the relationship between their perceptions of graduate school preparation and their current levels of confidence. Method This study utilized an online survey to gather information from 374 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association–certified SLPs who currently provide dysphagia services in the United States. Surveys were primarily distributed through American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Special Interest Group forums and Facebook groups. The anonymous survey gathered information regarding SLPs' perceptions of academic preparation and current confidence levels for providing dysphagia services in 11 knowledge and skill areas. Results Findings indicated that more than half of respondents did not feel prepared following their graduate academic training in five of the 11 knowledge and skill areas related to dysphagia service delivery. However, about half of respondents indicated they were currently confident about their ability to provide services in eight of the 11 knowledge and skill areas. Findings also indicated that their current confidence levels to provide dysphagia services were significantly higher than their perceptions of preparation immediately following graduate school. However, no significant relationships were found between respondents' self-reported current confidence levels and their perceptions of the adequacy of their academic preparation. Conclusions Despite SLPs' low perceptions of the adequacy of their graduate preparation for providing dysphagia services in specific knowledge and skill areas immediately following graduation, they reported high confidence levels with respect to their actual service delivery. Implications of these findings are discussed.

School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceived Self-Efficacy in Conducting Multidimensional Treatment With Children Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172-1186
Author(s):  
Carolina Beita-Ell ◽  
Michael P. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
School Based

Purpose The purposes of this study were to examine the self-efficacy of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in conducting multidimensional treatment with children who stutter (CWS) and to identify correlates of self-efficacy in treating speech-related, social, emotional, and cognitive domains of stuttering. Method Three hundred twenty randomly selected school-based SLPs across the United States responded to an online survey that contained self-efficacy scales related to speech, social, emotional, and cognitive components of stuttering. These ratings were analyzed in relation to participants' beliefs about stuttering treatment and their comfort level in treating CWS, perceived success in therapy, and empathy levels, in addition to their academic and clinical training in fluency disorders as well as demographic information. Results Overall, SLPs reported moderate levels of self-efficacy on each self-efficacy scale and on a measure of total self-efficacy. Significant positive associations were observed between SLPs' self-efficacy perceptions and their comfort level in treating CWS, self-reported success in treatment, beliefs about the importance of multidimensional treatment, and self-reported empathy. There were some discrepancies between what SLPs believed was important to address in stuttering therapy and how they measured success in therapy. Conclusions Among school-based SLPs, self-efficacy for treating school-age CWS with a multidimensional approach appears stronger than previously reported; however, more progress in training and experience is needed for SLPs to feel highly self-efficacious in these areas. Continuing to improve clinician self-efficacy for stuttering treatment through improved academic training and increased clinical experiences should remain a high priority in order to enhance outcomes for CWS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12978194

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