scholarly journals Associations of Central Auditory Processing With Brain Volumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
Josef Coresh ◽  
Kathleen Hayden ◽  
Clifford Jack ◽  
Thomas Mosley ◽  
James Pankow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Test Range ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Aric Study

Abstract We investigated the cross-sectional associations of speech-in-noise performance with magnetic resonance imaging brain volumes among 588 cognitively normal participants (77±4 years, 56% female) from the Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders Study (randomized trial embedded in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study) baseline in 2018-19 (N=427, with hearing loss) and ARIC (N=161, normal hearing) Visit 6/7 in 2016-17/2018-19. Central auditory processing was measured by Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) test; range: 0 to 30, lower scores=worse performance. In models adjusted for demographic and disease covariates, every 5-point decrease in QuickSIN score was associated with smaller volumes of the temporal lobe overall (-0.07SD, 95% CI:-0.13,-0.01) as well as subregions including but not limited to those important for auditory processing (amygdala:-0.13SD, 95% CI:-0.21,-0.04; middle temporal gyrus:-0.08SD, 95% CI:-0.15,-0.00; superior temporal gyrus:-0.08SD, 95% CI:-0.15,-0.01). Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these observed associations.

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness and dementia pathology

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (14) ◽  
pp. e1248-e1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Hughes ◽  
Lynne E. Wagenknecht ◽  
Suzanne Craft ◽  
Akiva Mintz ◽  
Gerardo Heiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities

ObjectiveArterial stiffness has been associated with evidence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and fibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain. These complex relationships have not been examined in racially and cognitively diverse cohorts.MethodsThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)–Neurocognitive Study collected detailed cognitive testing for adjudication of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), brain MRI, and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV, carotid-femoral [cfPWV] and heart-carotid [hcPWV]). The ARIC-PET ancillary study added Aβ imaging using florbetapir ([18F]-AV-45) to obtain standardized uptake volume ratios and defined global Aβ-positivity as standardized uptake volume ratio >1.2. One-SD increase in PWV was related to brain volume, MRI-defined cSVD (e.g., cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensity), and cortical Aβ deposition adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, race, and APOE ε4 status. We examined the cross-sectional relationships including interactions by race, APOE ε4 status, and cognition.ResultsAmong the 320 ARIC-PET participants (76 [5] years, 45% black, 27% MCI), greater central stiffness (hcPWV) was associated with greater Aβ deposition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.71). Greater central stiffness (cfPWV) was significantly associated with having lower brain volumes in Alzheimer disease–susceptible regions (in mm3, β = −1.5 [0.7 SD], p = 0.03) and high white matter hyperintensity burden (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.1). Furthermore, cfPWV was associated with a higher odds of concomitant high white matter hyperintensity and Aβ-positive scans (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). These associations were strongest among individuals with MCI and did not differ by race or APOE ε4 status.ConclusionsArterial stiffness, measured by PWV, is an emerging risk factor for dementia through its repeated relationships with cognition, cSVD, and Aβ deposition.

scholarly journals Central auditory processing outcome after stroke in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 680-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla M. I. Freiria Elias ◽  
Carolina Camargo Oliveira ◽  
Marina Junqueira Airoldi ◽  
Katia Maria D. Franco ◽  
Sônia das Dores Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Pitch Pattern ◽  
Pattern Sequence ◽  
Processing Abilities ◽  
Auditory Analysis

Objective To investigate central auditory processing in children with unilateral stroke and to verify whether the hemisphere affected by the lesion influenced auditory competence. Method 23 children (13 male) between 7 and 16 years old were evaluated through speech-in-noise tests (auditory closure); dichotic digit test and staggered spondaic word test (selective attention); pitch pattern and duration pattern sequence tests (temporal processing) and their results were compared with control children. Auditory competence was established according to the performance in auditory analysis ability. Results Was verified similar performance between groups in auditory closure ability and pronounced deficits in selective attention and temporal processing abilities. Most children with stroke showed an impaired auditory ability in a moderate degree. Conclusion Children with stroke showed deficits in auditory processing and the degree of impairment was not related to the hemisphere affected by the lesion.

Abstract P086: Metabolic Risk, Galectin-3 And Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (aric) Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B Echouffo Tcheugui ◽  
Sui Zhang ◽  
Roberta Florido ◽  
Erin Michos ◽  
VIJAY NAMBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Aric Study

Introduction: Diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) confer an increased risk of heart failure (HF) through poorly understood mechanisms. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a marker of fibrosis linked to greater HF risk. The inter-relationships among diabetes, MetS and Gal-3, and related implications for HF risk, are not well understood. Hypothesis: Diabetes and MetS are associated with elevated Gal-3, and high Gal-3 indicates greater HF risk among those with diabetes or MetS. Methods: We included 8,445 participants (mean age 63, 59% male, 21% Black) at ARIC Visit 4 (1996-1999) without baseline HF. We categorized participants by metabolic risk (no diabetes/no MetS; MetS only; diabetes with or without MetS), and Gal-3 levels (gender-specific quartiles). We assessed the associations of metabolic risk categories with high Gal-3 (≥75 th percentile) using logistic regression. We used Cox regression to evaluate associations of cross-categories of metabolic risk group and Gal-3 quartiles with incident HF. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, those with MetS were more likely to have elevated Gal-3 levels than those with no diabetes or MetS (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.13-1.47). The additional presence of diabetes did not change the likelihood of elevated Gal-3 (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.08-1.55). Over 20.5 years of follow-up, there were 1,611 HF events. Higher Gal-3 was associated with higher HF risk in each metabolic risk group, and higher metabolic risk group was associated with greater HF risk in each Gal-3 quartile. There was no interaction between Gal-3 and metabolic risk group on HF risk ( P =0.15). The combination of diabetes &MetS and high Gal-3 was associated with an almost 5-fold higher risk of incident HF (HR 4.93; 95% CI: 3.77 - 6.44) than the combination of no diabetes/MetS and low Gal-3 (first quartile) ( Table ). Conclusions: MetS was associated with higher levels of Gal-3. Metabolic risk group and Gal-3 provided powerful complementary prognostic information regarding HF risk. Fibrosis likely plays a role in the development of HF linked to metabolic risk.

Abstract P275: Growth Differentiation Factor (gdf)-15 and Metabolic Outcomes: The ARIC Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B Echouffo Tcheugui ◽  
Natalie R Daya ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Chiadi E Ndumele ◽  
Ron C Hoogeveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Metabolic States ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Roche Diagnostics ◽  
Aric Study

Introduction: Mechanistic studies suggest an involvement of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in metabolic dysregulation. However, the potential utility of GDF-15 as a marker of diabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk remains unclear, especially in older adults. Hypothesis: GDF-15 is positively associated with biomarkers of hyperglycemia, diabetes, and MetS. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of older adults who attended visit 6 (2016-2017) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. GDF-15 was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys, Roche Diagnostics). Linear regression was used to assess continuous outcomes after appropriate transformations, and multivariable-adjusted odds of diabetes or MetS by quartiles of GDF-15 were derived using logistic regression. Results: Among 3,792 participants (mean age 80 years, 59% women, 23% blacks and 77% whites), higher GDF-15 concentrations (per 1-unit increase in ln[GDF-15]) were associated with higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) (adjusted β coefficient : 10.98, 95% CI:8.86 - 13.09) and HbA 1C (%)(0.41, 95% CI: 0.35 - 0.48). Higher GDF-15 was associated with greater odds of diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 5.81 for highest vs. lowest GDF-15 quartile, 95% CI 4.43-7.61) and of MetS syndrome (adjusted OR: 2.57, 95% CI 2.01-3.20) among individuals without diabetes (Figure). Conclusions: In this sample of older adults, elevated GDF-15 was strongly associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. These data strongly suggest that GDF-15 could be a robust biomarker of adverse metabolic states.

scholarly journals Sphingolipids and physical function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danni Li ◽  
Aniqa B. Alam ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Anna Kucharska-Newton ◽  
B. Gwen Windham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aric Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractLong-chain sphingomyelins (SMs) may play an important role in the stability of myelin sheath underlying physical function. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of long-chain SMs [SM (41:1), SM (41:2), SM (43:1)] and ceramides [Cer (41:1) and Cer (43:1)] with physical function in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Plasma concentrations of SM (41:1), SM (41:2), SM (43:1), Cer (41:1) and Cer (43:1) were measured in 389 ARIC participants in 2011–13. Physical function was assessed by grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 4-m walking speed at both 2011–13 and 2016–17, and the modified Rosow-Breslau questionnaire in 2016–2017. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed, controlling for demographic and clinical confounders. In cross-sectional analyses, plasma concentrations of SM 41:1 were positively associated with SPPB score (β-coefficients [95% confidence internal]: 0.33 [0.02, 0.63] per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in log-transformed concentration, p value 0.04), 4-m walking speed (0.042 m/s [0.01, 0.07], p value 0.003), and negatively with self-reported disability (odds ratio = 0.73 [0.65, 0.82], p value < 0.0001). Plasma concentrations of the five metabolites examined were not significantly associated with longitudinal changes in physical function or incidence of poor mobility. In older adults, plasma concentrations of long-chain SM 41:1 were cross-sectionally positively associated with physical function.

scholarly journals Association of Ventricular Arrhythmias with Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011122
Author(s):  
Faye L Norby ◽  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Mary R Rooney ◽  
Ankit Maheshwari ◽  
Ryan J Koene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Wide Complex Tachycardia ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Aric Study

Objective–We performed a cross-sectional analysis to determine whether nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were associated with dementia in a population-based study.Methods– We included 2517 (mean age 79; 26% black) participants who wore a 2-week ambulatory continuous ECG recording device in 2016-17. NSVT was defined as a wide complex tachycardia ≥ 4 beats with a rate >100 beats per minute. We calculated NSVT and PVC burden as the number of episodes per day. Dementia was adjudicated by experts. We used logistic regression to assess the associations of NSVT and PVCs with dementia.Results– The mean recording time of the Zio® XT Patch was 12.6 ± 2.6 days. There were 768 (31%) participants with NSVT; prevalence was similar in whites and blacks. There were 134 (6.5%) dementia cases (5% in whites; 10% in blacks). After multivariable adjustment, there was no overall association between NSVT and dementia; however, there was a significant race interaction (p<0.001). In blacks, NSVT was associated with a 3.67 times higher adjusted odds of dementia (95% CI = 1.92-7.02) compared to those without NSVT, whereas in whites NSVT was not associated with dementia [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.37-1.10)]. In blacks only, a higher burden of PVCs was associated with dementia.Conclusions– Presence of NSVT and a higher burden of NSVT and PVCs are associated with dementia in elderly blacks. Further research to confirm this novel finding and elucidate the underlying mechanisms is warranted.

scholarly journals Study of Acute and Sub-Acute Effects of Auditory Training on the Central Auditory Processing in Older Adults with Hearing Loss—A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4944
Author(s):  
Carla Matos Silva ◽  
Carolina Fernandes ◽  
Clara Rocha ◽  
Telmo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Group 1

Background: Impairment in speech perception is a common feature of older adults. This study aimed at evaluating the acute and sub-acute (after three months) effects of auditory training on central auditory processing in older people with hearing loss. Methods: A nonrandomized study was conducted enrolling 15 older adults with hearing loss and an average age of 78.6 ± 10.9 years. All participants underwent a baseline otoscopy, tympanogram, audiogram and speech-in-noise test with a signal-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 and 15 dB. Afterwards, auditory training intervention was implemented consisting of 10 training sessions over 5 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) underwent auditory training based on a speech-in-noise test; group 2 (G2) underwent a filtered-speech test. Auditory processing was evaluated at baseline (T0) immediately after the intervention (T1) and 3 months after the intervention (T2). Results: Group 1 were quite efficient regardless of the SNR in the right ear with statistically significant differences from T0 to T1 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.006 for 10 dB and 15 dB, respectively) and T0 to T2 (p = 0.011 and 0.015 for 10 dB and 15 dB, respectively). As for the left ear, the increase of success was statistically significant for the SNR of 10 dB and 15 dB from T0 to T1 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively) and from T0 to T2 (p = 0.016 and p = 0.003). In G2, there was a significant variation only from T0 for T1 in the left ear for an SNR of 10 dB (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Speech perception in noise significantly improved after auditory training in old adults.

scholarly journals Endogenous Testosterone and its Relationship to Preclinical and Clinical Measures of Cardiovascular Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshmi Srinath ◽  
Sherita Hill Golden ◽  
Kathryn A. Carson ◽  
Adrian Dobs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Mortality ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Aric Study

Context: Epidemiologic studies suggest that endogenous testosterone (T) levels in males may be implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD), however further clarification is needed. Objective: We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between endogenous plasma T and mean carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), and the longitudinal relationship with incident clinical CVD events, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality using male participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Design: This study involved a subset of men from visit 4 of the ARIC study. Setting: The study was conducted in a community based cohort. Participants: Males who provided a morning blood sample excluding those taking androgen therapy, with prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or heart failure (HF) (n = 1558). Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Plasma T by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and carotid IMT using high resolution B-mode ultrasound were obtained at visit 4. Incident CHD, HF, cardiac mortality, and all-cause mortality were identified by surveillance through 2010 (median 12.8 years). Results: Lower T was significantly associated with higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, diabetes, hypertension, lower HDL, and never smoking (P = 0.01). T was not associated with mean cIMT in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Following multivariable adjustment, there was no association of quartile (Q) of T with incident CHD [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.60–1.26) for Q1; 0.97 (95% CI = 0.69–1.38) for Q2; 0.97 (95% CI = 0.69–1.36) for Q3 compared to reference of Q4] or for incident HF [HR = 0.77 (95% CI = 0.46–1.29) for Q1; 0.72 (95% CI = 0.43–1.21) for Q2; 0.87 (95% CI = 0.53–1.42) for Q3 compared to reference of Q4]. Similarly there was no association of Q of T with mortality or cardiac-associated mortality. Conclusions: Low male plasma T is cross-sectionally associated with key CVD risk factors, but after adjustment there was no association with mean cIMT, incident cardiac events, or mortality. Our results are reassuring that neither high nor low T levels directly predict atherosclerosis, but are a marker for other cardiovascular risk factors.

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